Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site

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Edgar Allan Poe House
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Poe lived in the smaller section on the left; the larger section was built later and now serves as the building's entrance and visitor center.
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Location532 N. 7th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Coordinates 39°57′42″N75°9′1″W / 39.96167°N 75.15028°W / 39.96167; -75.15028
Built1842 (1842)
ArchitectWilliam Alburger, John Evans
Website Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site
NRHP reference No. 66000689 [1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Designated NHLDecember 29, 1962

The Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site is a preserved home once rented by American author Edgar Allan Poe, located at 532 N. 7th Street, in the Spring Garden neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Though Poe lived in many houses over several years in Philadelphia (1838 to 1844), it is the only one which still survives. [2] It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962.

Contents

Poe's time in Philadelphia

Poe lived in at least three different locations in Philadelphia, including homes on Arch Street, on 16th and Locust Streets, and on Coates Street near 25th Street. [3]

While living in Philadelphia, Poe published some of his most well-known works, including "The Tell-Tale Heart," "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," and "The Gold-Bug". [4] It has been called his most prolific period. [5] Poe published 31 stories during his time in Philadelphia [6] as well as several literary criticism pieces, including his February 1841 review of Charles Dickens's novel Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty .

In reviewing the novel, which inspired Poe's 1845 poem "The Raven", he correctly predicted the novel's resolution before its final serialized installment was published. Dickens is said to have remarked, "The man must be the devil". [5] Poe's years in the city have been described as the happiest of his life. [7]

Home's history

The Historic Site is the only one of Poe's Philadelphia homes still standing [8] and is located in the historical Spring Garden district on the northern edge of Philadelphia. [9]

Poe rented the house early in 1843 and is believed to have lived there for about a year or less [10] along with his wife Virginia and his aunt/mother-in-law Maria Clemm. It is uncertain when the family moved into the home, which was then at the corner of Seventh Street and Brandywine Alley [10] (no longer extant) though believed to be some time before June. [11] In a letter to James Russell Lowell dated June 20, 1843, Poe invites Lowell to visit him: "My address is 234 North Seventh St., above Spring Garden, West Side." [12] Speculation as to which stories and poems were written in this home are unprovable, but suggestions include "A Tale of the Ragged Mountains", "The Balloon-Hoax", and "Eulalie". [5]

The neighborhood was then predominantly made up of Quakers. [11] The family's decision to move may have been prompted by Virginia's health, as she was struggling with tuberculosis. [9] Her mother, Maria Clemm, maintained the home for the small family. [11] A neighbor later recalled: "Mrs. Clemm was always busy. I have seen her mornings clearing the front yard, washing the windows and the stoop, and even white-washing the palings. You would notice how clean and orderly everything looks." [9] A visitor referred to the home as little more than a lean-to. [11] Poe occasionally had difficulty paying rent, though the landlord, a plumber, was tolerant of this. [9] The family moved out the first week in April 1844 and made their way to New York. [13]

Several families lived in the home after Poe until it was purchased by Richard Gimbel, son of the founder of Gimbels department store, in 1933. [8] A fan of Poe, he refurbished the home and opened it as a museum. In his will, he left the property to the city of Philadelphia. The National Park Service began overseeing the property in 1978, reopening the home in 1980. [14]

Home today

The site combines both Poe's former residence and two adjoining houses which were not built until after Poe left Philadelphia. [10] The rooms of the house are left in arrested decay and are not furnished to look like they did during Poe's time. [8] The neighboring residences include a welcome area, gift shop, a film screening room, and some minor exhibits.

The site includes a reading room decorated based on Poe's theories in "The Philosophy of Furniture", which is the only room on the site furnished to look like it did in the 19th century,. This was not part of Poe's original home and is not meant to suggest Poe had a similarly decorated room. [15] The room includes a complete collection of Poe's works, including criticism, and audio interpretations of his work. A statue outside of the home depicts a large raven, representative of one of Poe's most famous poems, "The Raven" (1845). The cellar in the house resembles one described in "The Black Cat" (1843), also written while Poe lived in Philadelphia. Though the house does not include any items originally owned by the Poe family, many items are collected nearby at the Free Library of Philadelphia. [5]

The site is affiliated with the Independence National Historical Park. The site is open Friday-Sunday, 9 AM to 5 PM (closed from Noon to 1 PM) with guided tours (call for information on times) or self-guided tours at any time. Admission is free. Paid membership in the Friends of Poe Society, which also sponsors events throughout the year, aids in the upkeep of the home.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edgar Allan Poe</span> American writer and critic (1809–1849)

Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales involving mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as one of the central figures of Romanticism and Gothic fiction in the United States, and of early American literature. Poe was one of the country's first successful practitioners of the short story, and is generally considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre. In addition, he is credited with contributing significantly to the emergence of science fiction. He is the first well-known American writer to earn a living by writing alone, which resulted in a financially difficult life and career.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenore (poem)</span> Poem written by Edgar Allan Poe

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Philosophy of Composition</span> 1846 essay by Edgar Allan Poe

"The Philosophy of Composition" is an 1846 essay written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe that elucidates a theory about how good writers write when they write well. He concludes that length, "unity of effect" and a logical method are important considerations for good writing. He also makes the assertion that "the death... of a beautiful woman" is "unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world". Poe uses the composition of his own poem "The Raven" as an example. The essay first appeared in the April 1846 issue of Graham's Magazine. It is uncertain if it is an authentic portrayal of Poe's own method.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al Aaraaf</span> Poem by Edgar Allan Poe

"Al Aaraaf" is an early poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1829. It tells of the afterlife in a place called Al Aaraaf, inspired by A'raf as described in the Quran. At 422 lines, it is Poe's longest poem.

"The Light-House" is the unofficial title of the last work written by Edgar Allan Poe. He did not live to finish it, and had barely begun it by the time of his death in 1849.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)</span> Historic house in Virginia, United States

The Poe Museum or the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, is a museum located in the Shockoe Bottom neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia, United States, dedicated to American writer Edgar Allan Poe. Though Poe never lived in the building, it serves to commemorate his time living in Richmond. The museum holds one of the world's largest collections of original manuscripts, letters, first editions, memorabilia and personal belongings. The museum also provides an overview of early 19th century Richmond, where Poe lived and worked. The museum features the life and career of Poe by documenting his accomplishments with pictures, relics, and verse, and focusing on his many years in Richmond.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe</span> Wife of Edgar Allan Poe

Virginia Eliza Poe was the wife of American writer Edgar Allan Poe. The couple were first cousins and publicly married when Virginia Clemm was 13 and Poe was 27. Biographers disagree as to the nature of the couple's relationship. Though their marriage was loving, some biographers suggest they viewed one another more like a brother and sister. In January 1842, she contracted tuberculosis, growing worse for five years until she died of the disease at the age of 24 in the family's cottage, at that time outside New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarah Elmira Shelton</span> Lover of Edgar Allan Poe

Sarah Elmira Shelton was an adolescent sweetheart of Edgar Allan Poe who became engaged to him shortly before his death in 1849.

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The Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, located at 203 North Amity St. in Baltimore, Maryland, is the former home of American writer Edgar Allan Poe in the 1830s. The small unassuming structure, which was opened as a writer's house museum in 1949, is a typical row home. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.

<i>The Conchologists First Book</i>

The Conchologist's First Book is an illustrated textbook on conchology issued in 1839, 1840, and 1845. The book was originally printed under Edgar Allan Poe's name. The text was based on Manual of Conchology by Thomas Wyatt, an English author and lecturer.

<i>Grahams Magazine</i>

Graham's Magazine was a nineteenth-century periodical based in Philadelphia established by George Rex Graham and published from 1840 to 1858. It was alternatively referred to as Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine, Graham's Magazine of Literature and Art, Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature and Art, and Graham's Illustrated Magazine of Literature, Romance, Art, and Fashion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eulalie</span> 1845 poem written by Edgar Allan Poe

"Eulalie", or "Eulalie — A Song", is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in the July 1845 issue of The American Review and reprinted shortly thereafter in the August 9, 1845 issue of the Broadway Journal.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Philosophy of Furniture</span> 1840 essay by Edgar Allan Poe on interior decoration

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References

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. Haas, Irvin. Historic Homes of American Authors. Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1991: 183–185. ISBN   0-89133-180-8
  3. Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. The Literary History of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1906: 286. ISBN   1-932109-45-5
  4. Haas, Irvin. Historic Homes of American Authors. Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1991: 183. ISBN   0-89133-180-8
  5. 1 2 3 4 Ehrlich, Eugene and Gorton Carruth. The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982: 209. ISBN   0-19-503186-5
  6. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 209. ISBN   0-06-092331-8
  7. Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. The Literary History of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1906: 285. ISBN   1-932109-45-5
  8. 1 2 3 Haas, Irvin. Historic Homes of American Authors. Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1991: 185. ISBN   0-89133-180-8
  9. 1 2 3 4 Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. Cooper Square Press, 1992: 147. ISBN   0-8154-1038-7
  10. 1 2 3 Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998: 385. ISBN   0-8018-5730-9
  11. 1 2 3 4 Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 183. ISBN   0-06-092331-8
  12. Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998: 384. ISBN   0-8018-5730-9
  13. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991: 219. ISBN   0-06-092331-8
  14. National Parks journalism project, University of Miami Archived 2007-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
  15. Neimeyer, Mark. "Poe and popular culture" as collected in The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, Kevin J. Hayes, editor. Cambridge University Press, 2002: 211–212. ISBN   0-521-79727-6