Related Research Articles
Legionella is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species L. pneumophila, causing legionellosis including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.
Thermus is a genus of thermophilic bacteria. It is one of several bacteria belonging to the Deinococcus–Thermus group. It includes the following species:
Corynebacterium is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-positive and aerobic. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more particularly, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). It is part of the skin flora of humans, and its largest populations are usually found at the axillae, perineum, and inguinal areas. S. haemolyticus also colonizes primates and domestic animals. It is a well-known opportunistic pathogen, and is the second-most frequently isolated CoNS. Infections can be localized or systemic, and are often associated with the insertion of medical devices. The highly antibiotic-resistant phenotype and ability to form biofilms make S. haemolyticus a difficult pathogen to treat. Its most closely-related species if Staphylococcus borealis.
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium. It is a soil-dwelling bacterium endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, particularly in Thailand and northern Australia. It infects humans and other animals and causes the disease melioidosis. It is also capable of infecting plants.
Klebsiella aerogenes, previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium. The bacterium is approximately 1-3 microns in length, and is capable of motility via peritrichous flagella.
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a species of Campylobacter implicated as a pathogen in gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in humans. It has been known to be transmitted from its usual host, the pig, to humans. In pigs, it is usually associated with proliferative ileitis, and found in conjunction with other species of that genus; however, it has also been isolated from hamster and cattle feces. It is catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-positive in the TSI slant, glycine-tolerant, and intolerant to 3.0% sodium chloride. It is able to grow at 25 °C, is sensitive to cephalothin, and resistant to nalidixic acid.
Legionella anisa is a Gram-negative bacterium, one of more than 40 species in the family Legionellaceae. After Legionella pneumophila, this species has been isolated most frequently from water samples. This species is also one of the several pathogenic forms of Legionella having been associated with rare clinical cases of illness including Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease.
Vibrio furnissii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. Its type strain is ATCC 35016. V. furnissii is aerogenic, and uses L-rhamnose, L-arginine, L-arabinose, maltose, and D-mannitol, but not L-lysine, L-ornithine, or lactose. It has been isolated from patients with gastroenteritis, bacteremia, skin lesions, and sepsis.
Helicobacter hepaticus is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.
Azospirillum brasilense is a well studied, nitrogen-fixing (diazotroph), genetically tractable, Gram-negative, alpha-proteobacterium bacterium, first described in Brazil by the group of Johanna Döbereiner and then receiving the name "brasilense". A. brasilense is able to fix nitrogen in the presence of low oxygen levels, making it a microaerobic diazotroph. An isolate from the genus Azospirillum was isolated from nitrogen poor soils in the Netherlands in 1925, however the species A. brasilense was first described in 1978 in Brazil, since this genus is widely found in the rhizospheres of grasses around the world where it confers plant growth promotion. Whether growth promotion occurs through direct nitrogen flux from the bacteria to the plant or through hormone regulation is debated. The two most commonly studied strains are Sp7 and Sp245, both are Brazilian isolates isolated from Tropical grasses from Seropedica, Brazil.
Helicobacter bilis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order. It is a fusiform bacterium with three to 14 multiple bipolar sheathed flagella and periplasmic fibers wrapped around the cell. It is resistant to cephalothin and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to metronidazole. Like Helicobacter hepaticus, it colonizes the bile, liver, and intestine of mice, and is associated with multifocal chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular tumors.
Borrelia japonica is a spirochete bacterium first isolated from Japanese mammals.
Acinetobacter ursingii is a species of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Its type strain is LUH 3792T.
Acinetobacter schindleri is a species of bacteria. It is potentially pathogenic. Its type strain is LUH 5832T.
Laribacter hongkongensis is a species of bacteria. It is facultatively anaerobic, non-sporulating, gram-negative, seagull- or spiral rod-shaped. It is a potential human pathogen. Laribacter hongkongensis has been isolated from human cases of diarrhea, but its role in causing diarrhea is unproven, even though it has been hypothesized. Additional studies are needed to better define its role as a possible enteric pathogen. These should include: case control studies designed to differentiate infection from colonization-transient passage, fulfilling Koch’s postulates and Bradford-Hill’s criteria on association vs. causation, possible virulence factors, animal models, host factors, antibody respones based on serodiagnostic testing, and human volunteer studies. The lessons learned from trying to establish the etiological role of the bacteria genera Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Edwardsiella in human diarrhea seem especially applicable for Laribacter. All four genera are isolated from extraintestinal infections, are apparently found in the aquatic environment, and epidemiological associations include eating fish and foreign travel. Even after over 50 years’ experience with the former three genera their etiological role in an individual case of human diarrhea is difficult to determine without extensive studies. For all four of these genera the critical issue will be differentiating infection from colonization or transient passage in the intestine.
Legionella jordanis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Jordan River in Bloomington, Indiana and from the sewage in DeKalb County, Georgia. L. jordanis is a rare human pathogen and can cause respiratory tract infections.
Legionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of Legionella bacteria, quite often Legionella pneumophila. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. This often begins 2–10 days after exposure.
Arcobacter cibarius is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, slightly curved, non-spore-forming bacteria. LMG 21996T is its type strain.
Corynebacterium xerosis is a species of bacteria in the genus Corynebacterium.
References
- ↑ Orrison LH, Cherry WB, Tyndall RL, et al. (February 1983). "Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling tower water". Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 45 (2): 536–45. doi:10.1128/AEM.45.2.536-545.1983. PMC 242320 . PMID 6830217 . Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ↑ Tang PW, Toma S, MacMillan LG (March 1985). "Legionella oakridgensis: laboratory diagnosis of a human infection". Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 21 (3): 462–3. doi:10.1128/JCM.21.3.462-463.1985. PMC 271689 . PMID 3980699 . Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ↑ Presti, François Lo, et al. "Isolation of Legionella oakridgensis from Two Patients with Pleural Effusion Living in the Same Geographical Area." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38.8 (2000): 3128-3130.
