This is a List of Allied convoys during World War II by region.
Code | Route | First sailing | Last sailing | No. run | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BB | Belfast or River Clyde to Bristol Channel | 1940 Belfast, 1945 Clyde | 1943 Belfast, 1945 Clyde | ||
BC | Bristol Channel to Bay of Biscay | outward and return convoys used same number | |||
BD | White Sea to Dikson Island | September 1943 | |||
BK | White Sea to Kola Inlet | Summer 1941 | |||
BTC | Bristol Channel to River Thames | 1944 | 1945 | 165 | |
CE | St. Helens Roads to Southend-on-Sea | 1940 | 1944 | 261 | |
CW | Southend-on-Sea to St. Helens Roads | 1940 | 1944 | 270 | |
DB | Dikson Island to White Sea | 1942 | |||
DF | River Clyde to Faroe Islands | military ferry service | |||
DS | River Clyde to Reykjavík | military ferry service | |||
EC | Southend-on-Sea to Oban via Firth of Forth | 1941 | 1941 | 90 | temporary substitution for EN convoys |
EN | Methil, Fife to Oban via Loch Ewe | 1940 | 1945 | 597 | temporarily replaced by EC convoys during 1941 |
FD | Faroe Islands to River Clyde | military ferry | |||
FN | River Thames to Firth of Forth | 1939 | 1945 | 1,744 | |
FP [2] | Brest via British Isles to Norway | April 1940 | May 1940 | French and Polish troop convoys | |
FS | Firth of Forth to River Thames | 1939 | 1945 | 1,840 | |
FS [3] | Brest via British Isles to Norway | April 1940 | May 1940 | French supply convoys | |
GREYBACK | Dieppe, Seine-Maritime to Newhaven, East Sussex | ferry service | |||
GS | Grimsby to Southend-on-Sea | 1940 | 1940 | ||
HM | Holyhead to Milford Haven | ||||
HN | Bergen to Methil, Fife | 1939 | 1940 | ||
HXA | Western Approaches to English Channel | 1939 | 1945 | English channel section of same numbered HX convoys – no sailings from 1940 to 1944 | |
KB | Kola Inlet to White Sea | ||||
KP | Kola Inlet to Pechengsky District | ||||
MH | Milford Haven to Holyhead | ||||
MT | Methil, Fife to River Tyne | ||||
NP | British Isles to Norway | April 1940 | May 1940 | troop convoys | |
OA | River Thames (or Methil, Fife after July 1940) to Liverpool | 7 September 1939 | 24 October 1940 | 234 | merged with OB convoy in the southwest approaches |
OB | Liverpool to the Atlantic Ocean | 7 September 1939 | 21 July 1941 | 345 | merged with OA convoy in the southwest approaches - ON and OS convoys replaced OB convoys |
ON | Methil, Fife to Bergen | 1939 | 1940 | ||
PW | Portsmouth to Wales | ||||
SD | Iceland to River Clyde | military ferry service | |||
SG | Southend-on-Sea to Grimsby | 1940 | 1940 | ||
SILVERTIP | Newhaven, East Sussex to Dieppe, Seine-Maritime | ferry service | |||
TBC | River Thames to Bristol Channel | 1944 | 1945 | ||
TM | British Isles to Norway | April 1940 | May 1940 | troop convoys | |
TP | Norway to British Isles | May 1940 | May 1940 | troop convoys | |
UR | Loch Ewe (later Belfast) to Reykjavík | ||||
WN | River Clyde, Oban and Loch Ewe to Firth of Forth | ||||
WP | Wales to Portsmouth |
Code prefix | Route | First sailing | Last sailing | Number of convoys | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AT | United States to British Isles | March 1942 | 1945 | troopships | |
BHX | Bermuda to Liverpool | May 1940 | March 1941 | 97 (# 41-137) | sailed from Bermuda and merged with same number HX convoy at sea |
CK | Charleston, South Carolina to British Isles | 1944 | 1944 | rarely used | |
CT | British Isles to Canada | 1941 | 1941 | troopships | |
CU | Caribbean (later New York City) to Liverpool | 20 March 1943 | 30 May 1945 | 73 | 14-knot convoys of tankers with some fast cargo ships |
GUF | Mediterranean to Chesapeake Bay | 29 November 1942 | 16 April 1945 | 22 | faster ships |
GUS | Mediterranean to Chesapeake Bay | 21 December 1942 | 27 May 1945 | 92 | slower ships |
HG | Gibraltar to Liverpool | 26 September 1939 | 19 September 1942 | 89 | replaced by MKS convoys after Operation Torch |
HX | Halifax Harbour (later New York City) to Liverpool | 16 Sept 1939 | 23 May 1945 | 377 | 9-knot convoys for ships of sustained speeds less than 15 knots |
HXF | Halifax Harbour to Liverpool | 29 Sept 1939 | 12 February 1940 | 17 | fast sections of HX convoys |
JW | Iceland to White Sea | 25 December 1942 | 12 May 1945 | 17 (# 51-67) | replaced PQ convoys |
KJ | Kingston, Jamaica to United Kingdom | ||||
KMF | Firth of Clyde to Mediterranean | 26 October 1942 | 23 May 1945 | 45 | faster ships to the Mediterranean |
KMS | Liverpool to Mediterranean | 22 October 1942 | 27 April 1945 | 98 | slower ships to the Mediterranean - 1st 12 sailed independently, remainder sailed with OS convoys and detached west of Gibraltar |
MKF | Mediterranean to Firth of Clyde or Liverpool | 12 November 1942 | 4 June 1945 | 45 | faster ships from the Mediterranean |
MKS | Mediterranean to Liverpool | 12 November 1942 | 25 May 1945 | 103 | slower ships from the Mediterranean- 1st 11 sailed independently, remainder merged with SL convoys west of Gibraltar |
NA | Canada to British Isles | troopships | |||
OG | Liverpool to Gibraltar | 2 October 1939 | 17 October 1943 | 95 | early sailings every 5th merged OA/OB convoy became an OG convoy at sea - later OG convoys sailed from Liverpool |
ON | Liverpool to Halifax Harbour | 26 July 1941 | 27 May 1945 | 307 | replaced OB convoys for North American destinations - alternate convoys included slower ships until the ONS convoys started |
ONS | Liverpool to Halifax Harbour | 15 March 1943 | 21 May 1945 | 51 | slower ships westbound on the ON convoy route |
OS | Liverpool to Sierra Leone | 24 July 1941 | 27 May 1945 | 131 | replaced OB convoys for non-North American destinations - included KMS convoys detached west of Gibraltar |
PQ | Iceland to White Sea | 29 September 1941 | 2 September 1942 | 18 | replaced by JW convoys |
QP | White Sea to Iceland | 28 September 1941 | 17 November 1942 | 15 | replaced by RA convoys |
RA | White Sea to Scotland | 30 December 1942 | 23 May 1945 | 17 (# 51-67) | replaced QP convoys |
RB | United States to British Isles | September 1942 | September 1942 | 1 | small passenger steamers |
SC | Sydney, Nova Scotia (or Halifax Harbour or New York City) to Liverpool | 15 August 1940 | 26 May 1945 | 177 | 7-knot convoys of eastbound ships too slow for the 9-knot HX convoys |
SL | Sierra Leone to Liverpool | 14 September 1939 | 25 November 1944 | 178 | merged with MKS convoys west of Gibraltar |
TA | British Isles to United States | large troopships | |||
TC | Canada to British Isles | 1939 | 1941 | troopships carrying Canadian troops | |
TCU | Caribbean (later New York City) to Liverpool | 14-knot CU convoys of tankers and fast cargo ships with troopships | |||
TU | British Isles to United States | 1943 | 1944 | troopships | |
TUC | Liverpool to Caribbean (later New York City) | 14-knot UC convoys of tankers and fast cargo ships with some troopships | |||
UC | Liverpool to Caribbean (later New York City) | 15 February 1943 | 3 June 1945 | 71 | 14-knot convoys of tankers with some fast cargo ships |
UGF | Chesapeake Bay to Mediterranean | 24 October 1942 | 8 April 1945 | 22 | faster ships - (UGF-1) was the invasion force for Operation Torch |
UGS | Chesapeake Bay to Mediterranean | 13 November 1942 | 28 May 1945 | 95 | slower ships |
UT | United States to British Isles | 1943 | 1944 | troopships |
Code prefix | Route | First sailing | Last sailing | Number of convoys | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC | Alexandria to Tobruk | 1941 | 1941 | ||
AG | Alexandria to Greece | 1941 | 1941 | ||
AH | Augusta, Sicily to heel of Italy | September 1943 | |||
AN | Alexandria to Piraeus | 1940 | 1941 | ||
AP | British Isles to Egypt | summer 1940 | summer 1940 | troopships | |
ARM | local Mediterranean | little used | |||
AS | Piraeus to Alexandria | 1940 | 1941 | ||
AT | Alexandria to Tobruk | late 1941 | |||
Blue | Port Said to Gibraltar | 1939 | 1939 | ||
BS | Brest, France to Casablanca | September 1939 | June 1940 | French convoys | |
CG | Casablanca to Gibraltar | ||||
CNF | convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | special designation | |||
CRD | Casablanca to Dakar | ||||
CT | Corsica to Bizerte via Sardinia | 1944 | 1944 | ||
CV | Tobruk to Malta | 1944 | 1944 | rarely used | |
D | Dakar to Casablanca | ||||
DR | Dakar to Gibraltar | 1944 | 1944 | ||
DRC | Dakar to Casablanca | ||||
ET | North Africa to Gibraltar | November 1942 | early 1943 | ||
GC | Gibraltar to Casablanca | ||||
GM | Gibraltar to Malta | ||||
Green | Gibraltar to Port Said | late 1939 | late 1939 | ||
GTX | Gibraltar to Alexandria via Tripoli | 1943 | 1943 | ||
GUF | Oran or Naples to Chesapeake Bay | faster ships | |||
GUS | Port Said to Chesapeake Bay | slower ships | |||
HA | heel of Italy to Augusta, Sicily | 1943 | |||
HP | heel of Italy to Piraeus | ||||
IXF | Taranto and Naples to Alexandria and Port Said | ||||
K | Casablanca to Brest, France | French convoys - sometimes prefixed F or S | |||
KS | Casablanca to Brest, France | French convoys | |||
LE | Port Said to Haifa | ||||
LW | Haifa to Port Said | ||||
ME | Malta to Alexandria and Port Said | ||||
MO | Marseilles to North Africa | ||||
Ms | Marseilles to Naples | 1944 | 1945 | ||
MW | Alexandria to Malta | ||||
NCF | fast convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
NCS | slow convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
NP | Turkey to Port Said | ||||
NSF | North Africa to Naples | troopships | |||
NV | Naples to Augusta, Sicily | ||||
OM | Oran to Marseilles | 1944 | 1944 | ||
PH | Piraeus to heel of Italy | ||||
PN | Port Said to Turkey | ||||
PR | Piraeus to Dardanelles | 1945 | 1945 | ||
Red | Gibraltar to far east | 1939 | 1940 | ||
PR | Dardanelles to Piraeus | 1945 | 1945 | ||
SBF | assault convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
SBM | assault convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
SM | Naples to Marseilles | ||||
SNF | Naples to North Africa | fast troopships | |||
SR | Freetown to Gibraltar | 1943 | 1944 | ||
TA | Tobruk to Alexandria | ||||
TC | Tunisia to Corsica | 1943 | 1944 | ||
TE | Gibraltar to North Africa | 1943 | 1943 | ||
TJF | assault convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
TJM | assault convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
TJS | assault convoys for Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | 1943 | ||
TSF | assault convoys for Naples landings | ||||
TSM | assault convoys for Naples landings | ||||
TSS | assault convoys for Naples landings | ||||
TV | Tripoli to Malta | ||||
TX | Tripoli to Alexandria | ||||
UGF | Chesapeake Bay to Gibraltar (later Naples) | November 1942 | May 1945 | faster ships (UGF 1 was the Operation Torch invasion convoy) | |
UGS | Chesapeake Bay to Gibraltar (later Port Said) | November 1942 | May 1945 | slower ships | |
VC | Malta to Tobruk | ||||
VN | Augusta, Sicily or Malta to Naples (OR) Naples to Livorno | ||||
VT | Malta to Tripoli | ||||
WX | western desert ports to Alexandria | ||||
XIF | Alexandria and Port Said to Taranto and Naples | ||||
XT | Alexandria to Tripoli | ||||
XTG | Alexandria to Gibraltar via Tripoli | 1943 | 1943 | ||
XW | Alexandria to western desert ports |
Code prefix | South Atlantic routes | First sailing | Last sailing | Number of convoys | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AS | United States to Suez Canal | 1942 | 1942 | via Freetown | |
BF | Bahia to Freetown | 1943 | USN escorts | ||
BRN | Bahia to Recife northward | late 1942 | |||
BT | Bahia to Trinidad | November 1942 | July 1943 | ||
CF | Cape Town to British Isles via west Africa | little used | |||
CN | Cape Town northward to dispersal | ||||
DBF | Dakar to Freetown via Bathurst (Banjul) Gambia | 1943 | 1943 | ||
DSF | Dakar to Freetown | ||||
DSL | Dakar to Freetown and Lagos | ||||
DSP | Dakar to Freetown and Pointe-Noire | ||||
DST | Dakar to Freetown and Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
E | Trinidad to dispersal southward | ||||
FB | Freetown to Bahia | ||||
FFT | Freetown to Trinidad | 1942 | 1943 | ||
FJ | Florianópolis to Rio de Janeiro | ||||
FSD | Freetown to Dakar | 1944 | 1944 | small craft | |
JF | Rio de Janeiro to Florianópolis | ||||
JR | Rio de Janeiro to Recife | ||||
JT | Rio de Janeiro to Trinidad | 1943 | 1945 | ||
LGE | Lagos eastbound | local west African traffic | |||
LGW | Lagos westbound | local west African traffic | |||
LM | Lagos to Matadi | ||||
LS | Lagos to Freetown | ||||
LSD | Lagos to Dakar via Freetown | ||||
LTS | Lagos to Freetown via Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
NC | Walvis Bay to Cape Town | ||||
OSS | Freetown southward | southward extension of the corresponding OS convoy | |||
OT | Trinidad to North Africa | ||||
PGE | Pointe-Noire southward | local traffic | |||
PAD | Pointe-Noire to Dakar via Freetown | ||||
PT | Paramaribo to Trinidad | ||||
PTS | Pointe-Noire to Freetown via Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
RJ | Recife to Rio de Janeiro | ||||
RT | Cape Town to Freetown (OR) Recife to Trinidad | 1941 (African) 1943 (South American) | 1941 | ||
SJ | Santos, São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro | ||||
ST | Freetown to Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
STC | Freetown to Cape Town via Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
STL | Freetown to Lagos via Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
STP | Freetown to Pointe-Noire via Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
STW | Freetown to Walvis Bay via Sekondi-Takoradi | ||||
TB | Trinidad to Bahia | ||||
TF | Trinidad to Freetown | ||||
TGE | Sekondi-Takoradi and Lagos eastward to dispersal | ||||
TJ | Trinidad to Rio de Janeiro | ||||
TLDM | Sekondi-Takoradi to Matadi via Lagos and Douala | ||||
TO | North Africa to Caribbean | ||||
TP | Trinidad to Paramaribo | ||||
TR | Trinidad to Recife | ||||
TRINIDAD | Trinidad to dispersal southeast | ||||
TS | Sekondi-Takoradi to Freetown | ||||
TSD | Sekondi-Takoradi to Dakar via Freetown | ||||
TV | Trinidad eastward to dispersal | ||||
WTS | Walvis Bay to Freetown via Sekondi-Takoradi |
Code Prefix | Indian Ocean routes | First sailing | Last sailing | Number of convoys | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AB | Aden to Mumbai | November 1942 | |||
ABF | Aden to Mumbai | fast troopship convoys | |||
AJ | Aden to Colombo | ||||
AK | Aden to Kilindini Harbour | ||||
AKD | Aden to Durban via Kilindini Harbour | September 1943 | |||
AM | Chittagong to Chennai | ||||
AP | Aden to Persian Gulf | Late 1942 | |||
AS | United States to Suez Canal | March 1942 | via Freetown | ||
BA | Mumbai to Aden | May 1941 | November 1942 | ||
BAF | Mumbai to Aden | fast troopships | |||
BC | Beira, Mozambique to Durban (OR) Mumbai to Colombo | July 1942 from Beira - September 1943 from Mumbai | September 1942 from Beira | ||
BK | Mumbai to Karachi | 1943 | 1943 | little used | |
BM | Mumbai to Singapore (or Colombo after January 1942) | ||||
BN | Mumbai to Suez Canal | 1940 | 1941 | ||
BP | Mumbai to Persian Gulf | ||||
BS | Suez Canal to Aden | 1940 | 1941 | ||
C | Colombo to dispersal | 1942 | 1942 | ||
CA | Cape Town southward to dispersal | ||||
CB | Durban to Beira, Mozambique | ||||
CD | Cape Town to Durban | ||||
CF | Colombo to Fremantle, Western Australia | occasional use | |||
CH | Chittagong to Kolkata | ||||
CJ | Kolkata to Colombo | ||||
CM | Cape Town to Aden | military convoys via Kilindini Harbour | |||
CX | Colombo to Addu Atoll | {return Addu Atoll to Colombo convoys used same CX designation} | |||
DC | Durban to Cape Town | ||||
DK | Durban to Kilindini Harbour | ||||
DKA | Durban to Aden via Kilindini Harbour | ||||
DLM | Durban to Maputo | ||||
DM | Durban to Malaya | 1941 | 1942 | 3 | |
DN | Durban northwards to dispersal | ||||
HB | Australia to India | 1945 | 1945 | troopships | |
HC | Kolkata to Chittagong | ||||
JA | Colombo to Aden | ||||
JC | Colombo to Kolkata | ||||
JM | India to Madagascar via Kilindini Harbour | 1943 | 1943 | ||
JMG | assault convoy to Malaya | September 1945 | 1 | ||
JS | Colombo to Singapore | November 1941 | February 1942 | ||
KA | Kilindini Harbour to Aden | ||||
KB | Karachi to Mumbai | ||||
KD | Kilindini Harbour to Durban | ||||
KM | Kilindini Harbour to Madagascar | ||||
KP | Karachi to Persian Gulf | ||||
KR | Kolkata and Rakhine State ports to Yangon | 1945 | 1945 | ||
LMD | Maputo to Durban | ||||
MA | Kilindini Harbour to Aden | ||||
MC | Aden to Cape Town via Kilindini Harbour and Durban | ||||
MD | Madagascar to Durban | 1 | |||
MK | Madagascar to Kilindini Harbour | ||||
MN | Mauritius to Seychelles | ||||
MR | Chennai to Yangon | ||||
OW | Australia to India | ||||
PA | Persian Gulf to Aden | ||||
PB | Persian Gulf to Mumbai | ||||
RK | Colombo to Kilindini Harbour (OR) Yangon to Kolkata via Rakhine State | 1944 from Colombo, 1945 from Rangoon | 1944 from Colombo, 1945 from Rangoon | ||
RM | Yangon to Colombo via Chennai | ||||
SD | Seychelles to Madagascar | ||||
SJ | Singapore to Colombo | November 1941 | February 1942 | ||
SM | Jakarta to Fremantle, Western Australia | ||||
SR | Kolkata to Yangon | 1941 | 1942 | ||
SU | Suez Canal to Australia | 1940 | 1941 | ||
SW | Suez Canal to Kilindini Harbour or Durban | 1940 | 1941 | ||
US | Australia to Suez Canal | ||||
WO | India to Australia | troopships | |||
WS | British Isles to Suez Canal and Mumbai | troopships; WS convoys on at least one occasion [WS30, 1943] routed via Freetown and Durban |
Code prefix | Normandy invasion convoys | First sailing | Last sailing | Number of convoys | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATM | Antwerp to River Thames | late 1944 | 1945 | ||
BEC | Bristol Channel to France | June 1944 | October 1944 | ||
COC | Plymouth to Brittany | late 1944 | early 1945 | ||
EBC | Bristol Channel to France | June 1944 | October 1944 | ||
EBM | Bristol Channel to France | June 1944 | June 1944 | 1 | motor transport convoy |
ECM | Falmouth, Cornwall to France | June 1944 | early July 1944 | ||
ECP | Portland Harbour and Solent to Baie de la Seine | June 1944 | October 1944 | personnel convoys | |
EMM | Belfast to France | June 1944 | July 1944 | 2 | |
EMP | Belfast to France | July 1944 | July 1944 | 2 | |
EPM | Portland Harbour to France via Solent | July 1944 | September 1944 | motor transport convoys | |
EPP | Portland Harbour to France via Solent | July 1944 | September 1944 | personnel convoys | |
ETC | River Thames to France | June 1944 | October 1944 | ||
ETM | River Thames to France | June 1944 | October 1944 | motor transport convoys | |
EWC | Spithead to Normandy | June 1944 | June 1944 | ||
EWL | Isle of Wight to France | June 1944 | June 1944 | mainly landings ships and landing craft | |
EWM | Isle of Wight to France | September 1944 | October 1944 | motor transport convoys | |
EWP | Isle of Wight to France | personnel convoys | |||
EXP | June 1944 | October 1944 | invasion convoys | ||
FBC | Baie de la Seine to Bristol Channel | June 1944 | October 1944 | ||
FC | France to western England | June 1944 | July 1944 | ||
FCP | France to western England | June 1944 | July 1944 | personnel convoys | |
FPM | France to Portland Harbour | motor transport convoys | |||
FPP | France to Portland Harbour | July 1944 | August 1944 | personnel convoys | |
FTC | France to River Thames | 1944 | 1944 | ||
FTM | France to River Thames | 1944 | 1944 | motor transport convoys | |
FWC | France to Isle of Wight | June 1944 | |||
FWL | France to Isle of Wight | 1944 | 1944 | landing craft convoys | |
FWM | France to Isle of Wight | June 1944 | July 1944 | motor transport convoys | |
FWP | France to Isle of Wight | June 1944 | September 1944 | personnel convoys | |
FXP | France to British Isles | June 1944 | October 1944 | ||
LU | Humber to Elbe | May 1945 | May 1945 | ||
MTC | Baie de la Seine to Southend-on-Sea | replaced FTC | |||
MTM | Baie de la Seine to Southend-on-Sea | replaced FTM | |||
NAP | Dover to France | December 1944 | December 1944 | ||
NR | Norway to Methil, Fife | 1945 | 1945 | ||
RN | Methil, Fife to Norway | May 1945 | May 1945 | ||
TAC | River Thames to Ostend | 1945 | 1945 | ||
TACA | River Thames to Antwerp | replaced by TAM | |||
TAM | River Thames to Antwerp | replaced TACA | |||
TAP | River Thames to France | 1945 | 1945 | ||
TMC | River Thames to France | June 1944 | October 1944 | ||
TMM | River Thames to France | June 1944 | October 1944 | motor transport convoys | |
UL | Elbe to Humber | May 1945 | May 1945 | ||
WAP | June 1944 | October 1944 | invasion convoys | ||
WDC | September 1944 | December 1944 | invasion convoys | ||
WEC | Isle of Wight to France | December 1944 | May 1945 | ||
WEL | Isle of Wight to France | 1944 | 1945 | landing craft | |
WEP | Isle of Wight to Cherbourg-Octeville | December 1944 | December 1944 | ||
WFM | October 1944 | November 1944 | invasion convoys | ||
WMP | Isle of Wight to Arromanches-les-Bains | November 1944 | December 1944 | ||
WNC | Isle of Wight to Le Havre | December 1944 | May 1945 | ||
WNL | Isle of Wight to France | April 1945 | May 1945 | ||
WVP | Isle of Wight to France | December 1944 | May 1945 |
HMS Black Swan, was the name ship of the Black Swan-class sloops of the Royal Navy. This class was admired for its sea-going qualities.
HX convoys were transatlantic convoys in the North Atlantic during the First World War and in the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. HX convoys sailed eastwards from Halifax, Nova Scotia in Canada, to Liverpool and other ports in Britain. They were joined the BHX convoys from Bermuda en route. After the United States entered the war, HX convoys began at New York.
This is a timeline for the Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945) in World War II.
Convoy PQ 2 was the third of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War by which the Western Allies supplied the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion, which began on 22 June 1941. The convoy sailed from Scapa Flow and arrived safely at Archangelsk.
The SC convoys were a series of North Atlantic convoys that ran during the battle of the Atlantic during World War II.
Operation MB8 was a British Royal Navy operation in the Mediterranean Sea from 4 to 11 November 1940. It was made up of six forces comprising two aircraft carriers, five battleships, 10 cruisers and 30 destroyers, including much of Force H from Gibraltar, protecting four supply convoys. It consisted of Operation Coat, Operation Crack, Convoy MW 3, Convoy ME 3, Convoy AN 6 and the main element Operation Judgement.
The UG convoys were a series of east-bound trans-Atlantic convoys from the United States to Gibraltar carrying food, ammunition, and military hardware to the United States Army in North Africa and southern Europe during World War II. These convoys assembled in Hampton Roads near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay and terminated in various North African locations as Axis forces retreated from 1942 through 1945.
The CU convoys were a World War II series of fast trans-Atlantic convoys to the British Isles. The earliest convoys of the series were tankers sailing directly from petroleum refineries at Curaçao to the United Kingdom. Most convoys of the series assembled in New York City and included fast freighters and troopships, with tankers arriving from Aruba via TAG convoys to Guantánamo Bay and GN convoys from Guantánamo to New York.
SC 2 was an Allied North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was attacked by a wolfpack of German U-boats, losing five merchant ships.
Empire Endurance was a 8,514 GRT steam cargo liner that was built in 1928 as Alster by Deschimag Werk Vulkan, Hamburg, Germany for the shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd. In the years leading up to the Second World War Alster carried cargo and passengers between Germany and Australia. After the outbreak of war she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine for use as a supply ship.
HMS Veronica was a Flower-class corvette, built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and was in service in the Battle of the Atlantic. In 1942 she was transferred to the United States Navy as part of the reverse Lend Lease arrangement and renamed USS Temptress, the name ship of the Temptress-class gunboats. With the end of hostilities she was returned to the Royal Navy and sold into mercantile service.
HMS Candytuft was a Flower-class corvette, built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and was in service in the Battle of the Atlantic. In 1942 she was transferred to the United States Navy as part of the reverse Lend Lease arrangement and renamed USS Tenacity, one of the Temptress-class gunboats. With the end of hostilities she was returned to the Royal Navy and sold into mercantile service.
Convoy TAG 5 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 5th of the numbered TAG Convoys from Trinidad and Aruba to Guantánamo. The convoy was found on 13 September 1942 by U-558. Kapitänleutnant Günther Krech destroyed three ships from the convoy in two approaches aboard U-558.
Convoy SC 67 was the 67th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. The convoy left Halifax on 30 January 1942 and picked up a tran-Atlantic escort in Newfoundland. This marked the start of the allied end-to-end convoy escort system, which remained in effect until the end of the war. The convoy was found by U-591 on 10 February, and attacked by U-136 of 6th U-boat Flotilla, operating out of St Nazaire. Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 15 February.
Convoy Battles of World War II occurred when convoys of warships protected cargo ships assembled for mutual defense and were attacked by submarines, surface ships and/or aircraft. Most were in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1943 and involved attacks by U-boat wolfpacks. Convoy battles also occurred in the Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and western Pacific Ocean.
Convoy OG 71 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 71st of the numbered OG convoys Outbound from the British Isles to Gibraltar. The convoy departed Liverpool on 13 August 1941 and was found on 17 August by a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor of Kampfgeschwader 40. Starting on August 19, it became the first convoy of the war to be attacked by a German submarine wolfpack, when reached by eight U-boats from 1st U-boat Flotilla, operating out of Brest. Ten ships comprising a total tonnage of 15,185 tons were sunk before the U-boats lost contact on 23 August.
SS Cyclops was a British cargo steamship of Alfred Holt and Company. She was built in Glasgow in 1906, served in both the First and Second World Wars and survived two German submarine attacks in 1917. A German submarine sank her in January 1942 off the coast of Nova Scotia, killing 87 of the men aboard her. This was the first attack of the Kriegsmarine's Unternehmen Paukenschlag to destroy Allied merchant shipping in the Western Atlantic.
Convoy HX 47 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was the 47th of the numbered series of merchant convoys run by the Allies from Halifax to Liverpool. The convoy was attacked by German U-boats and lost three of its 58 ships.
The AP convoys were a series of Arabian Sea convoys which ran during World War II.
Convoy QP 1 was the first of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War by which the Allies brought back ships that begun carrying supplies to the Soviet Union after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of 22 June 1941. The convoy sailed from Murmansk and arrived safely at Scapa Flow in Orkney.