List of municipalities in Thailand

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BMR
City municipalities (Nakhon) in Thailand

City municipalities in Bangkok Metropolitan Region – BMR: Bangkok, Nonthaburi, Pak Kret, Samut Prakan, and Rangsit
City municipalities in Chonburi province: Chaophraya Surasak and Laem Chabang
City municipalities in Samut Sakhon province: Samut Sakhon and Om Noi

Thailand divides its settlements ( thesaban ) into three categories by size: city municipalities ( thesaban nakhon ), towns ( thesaban mueang ) and townships (or subdistrict municipality) ( thesaban tambon ). [1] There are 33 city municipalities as of November 2024.

Contents

The national capital Bangkok and the special governed city Pattaya fall outside these divisions. They are "self-governing districts".

Due to the outdated nature of the thesaban system, any city municipality's growth subsequent to its settlement designation is not included in both area and population numbers. For this reason, the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, [2] and each province's Provincial Administrative Organization regularly revise and publish up-to-date city boundaries (Thai : เขตเมือง) to reflect population growth. These revisions are royally decreed and published in the Royal Thai Government Gazette . The term เขตเมือง/khet mueang can also be translated to the term urban area, a widely used term to describe and designate large cities.

Most Thai cities' revised boundaries are contained in the province's capital district, known as Amphoe Mueang. Chiang Mai is the only city outside Bangkok to cover multiple districts in its urban area. Together, Bangkok and Chiang Mai are the only cities in Thailand with a population of over one million.

Thailand has an urbanization rate of 52% (2021), translating to 36,217,020 people of the total population. [3] [4] This rate is based on the thesaban system, meaning that 8,442,107 people live in city municipalities, 4,437,112 people live in town municipalities and 23,337,801 people live in townships (subdistrict municipalities). According to the khet mueang system, 21,838,418 people (31.35% of total population) live in urban areas with a population greater than 150,000.

Several agencies issue population figures. Locally registered Thai populations are compiled by the Department of Local Administration (DLA). These figures are labeled as "Locally Registered Thai Population" and reflect the migrant, upcountry, and seasonal nature of Thai labor flows to the capital and tourist hot spots, yet maintain upcountry registration. Figures are very different from those by the National Statistics Office (NSO), which conducts the decennial census by attempting to count the total resident Thai population plus under 1,000 permanent resident foreigners. The result by the NSO is labeled as "Total Thai Population". Neither of the two offices release municipal level figures that include non-permanent residents, long-stay expatriates and figures for contracted foreign ASEAN migrants (a significant labor segment in cities like Bangkok, Pattaya, Chiang Mai, and Phuket, totaling two to three million workers), though this inclusion is being increasingly regularized since 2014. The NSO did release projected figures including regularized ASEAN migrants, i.e., "total resident population" down to the provincial level for 2017. [5]

City municipalities

The table below lists Department of Local Administration (DLA) (local registered Thai) 2020 figures. For the NSO compiled total Thai resident decennial census municipal counts view here..

In most cases, municipal population numbers do not represent the current size of each individual city, but only the administrative core. Geographically limited city municipalities such as Koh Samui and the suburban city municipalities of Bangkok, namely Nonthaburi, Pak Kret, Samut Prakan, Nakhon Pathom, and Samut Sakhon, are the exception. Bangkok's suburban areas are inside the Bangkok Metropolitan Region and therefore do not have their own urban or metropolitan area.

No.NameThaiDistrict-ProvinceArea
(km2)
Population
(Dec 2020) [6]
Date, city designation
1Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok)กรุงเทพมหานคร1,568.745,588,2221972-12-14
2 Nonthaburi นนทบุรี Nonthaburi, Nonthaburi 38.90251,0261995-09-23
3 Pak Kret ปากเกร็ด Pak Kret, Nonthaburi 36.04189,4582000-02-16
4 Hat Yai หาดใหญ่ Hat Yai, Songkhla 21.00149,4591995-09-23
5 Chaophraya Surasak เจ้าพระยาสุรศักดิ์ Si Racha, Chonburi 276.98146,4742013-05-01
6 Surat Thani สุราษฎร์ธานี Surat Thani, Surat Thani 68.97131,5992007-05-04
7 Nakhon Ratchasima นครราชสีมา Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima 37.50122,7301995-09-23
8 Chiang Mai เชียงใหม่ Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai 40.22122,6271936-03-28
9 Udon Thani อุดรธานี Udon Thani, Udon Thani 47.70120,2021995-09-23
10 Pattaya พัทยา Bang Lamung, Chonburi 53.44117,6061978-11-29
11 Khon Kaen ขอนแก่น Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen 46.00110,6151995-09-23
12 Nakhon Si Thammarat นครศรีธรรมราช Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nakhon Si Thammarat 22.56100,4161994-08-15
13 Laem Chabang แหลมฉบัง Si Racha, Chonburi 88.5989,4572010-05-24
14 Rangsit รังสิต Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 20.8084,2682011-04-29
15 Nakhon Sawan นครสวรรค์ Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Sawan 27.8781,2391995-09-23
16 Phuket ภูเก็ต Phuket, Phuket 12.0077,7782004-02-13
17 Chiang Rai เชียงราย Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai 60.8577,5452004-02-13
18 Ubon Ratchathani อุบลราชธานี Ubon Ratchathani, Ubon Ratchathani 29.0472,8551999-03-06
19 Nakhon Pathom นครปฐม Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom 19.8572,7531999-11-07
20 Ko Samui เกาะสมุย Ko Samui district  [ th ], Surat Thani 252.0068,9942012-09-14
21 Samut Sakhon สมุทรสาคร Samut Sakhon, Samut Sakhon 10.3365,4091999-11-07
22 Phitsanulok พิษณุโลก Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok 18.2664,0681999-03-06
23 Rayong ระยอง Rayong, Rayong 16.9562,3841999-11-07
24 Songkhla สงขลา Songkhla, Songkhla 9.2760,0211999-11-07
25 Yala ยะลา Yala, Yala 19.0059,9831995-09-23
26 Trang ตรัง Trang, Trang 14.7756,8931999-11-07
27 Om Noi อ้อมน้อย Krathum Baen, Samut Sakhon 30.4053,8222010-11-11
28 Sakon Nakhon สกลนคร Sakon Nakhon, Sakon Nakhon 54.5451,3312012-03-08
29 Lampang ลำปาง Lampang, Lampang 22.1750,6971999-11-07
30 Samut Prakan  [ th ]สมุทรปราการ Samut Prakan, Samut Prakan 7.3349,6041999-03-23
31 Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya พระนครศรีอยุธยา Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 14.8449,2081999-12-14
32 Mae Sot แม่สอด Mae Sot, Tak 27.2041,5812010-01-28
33 Buriram บุรีรัมย์ Buriram, Buriram 75.4425,0872024-10-31 [7]

Largest cities by urban population

The following table lists the ten largest cities in Thailand by urban population, based on Department of Local Administration (DLA) figures. These figures represent the current size of each city, accounting for areal and population growth subsequent to each city's original city municipality designation.

Bangkok and Chiang Mai are the only cities covering multiple districts (known as Khet for Bangkok and Amphoe for the provinces), and the only two cities with a population of over one million. Although Pattaya is a "self-governing district" (located inside, but not part of Bang Lamung district), it has grown into all neighboring sub-districts and accounts for the largest population percentage, making it de facto a part of the "Pattaya-Bang Lamung-Jomtien" area. Chiang Mai is the only provincial city whose city boundaries (Thai : เขตเมือง) cover districts adjacent to the Amphoe Mueang district (Capital district). [8]

No.NameThaiProvinceArea
(km2) [8]
Population
(2021) [9]
1Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (Bangkok)กรุงเทพมหานคร1,568.7410,539,000
2 Chiang Mai เชียงใหม่ Chiang Mai 4051,198,000
3 Nakhon Ratchasima นครราชสีมา Nakhon Ratchasima 755.6466,098
4 Khon Kaen ขอนแก่น Khon Kaen 953.4412,758
5 Hat Yai หาดใหญ่ Songkhla 852.796404,044
6 Udon Thani อุดรธานี Udon Thani 1,094.7400,581
7 Chon Buri ชลบุรี Chon Buri 228.8342,959
8 Pattaya พัทยา Chon Buri 727328,961
9 Si Racha ศรีราชา Chon Buri 616.4327,172
10 Phitsanulok พิษณุโลก Phitsanulok 777281,929

Town municipalities

Map of Bangkok and the 76 provinces of Thailand Thailand provinces en.svg
Map of Bangkok and the 76 provinces of Thailand
An ethnolinguistic map of Thailand Thailand ethnic map.svg
An ethnolinguistic map of Thailand

Department of Local Administration (DLA) figures. The towns in bold characters are capitals.

NameThaiProvincePopulation
(2015) [10]
Amnat Charoen อำนาจเจริญ Amnat Charoen 26,634
Ang Sila อ่างศิลา Chon Buri 30,538
Ang Thong อ่างทอง Ang Thong 13,134
Aranyaprathet อรัญญประเทศ Sa Kaeo 15,141
Aranyik อรัญญิก Phitsanulok 29,525
Ayothaya อโยธยา Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 18,571
Ban Bueng บ้านบึง Chonburi 15,006
Ban Chang บ้านฉาง Rayong 17,025
Ban Dung บ้านดุง Udon Thani 16,146
Ban Mi บ้านหมี่ Lopburi 4,448
Ban Phai บ้านไผ่ Khon Kaen 32,604
Ban Phru บ้านพรุ Songkhla 25,128
Ban Pong บ้านโป่ง Ratchaburi 21,892
Ban Suan บ้านสวน Chon Buri 60,797
Ban Thum บ้านทุ่ม Khon Kaen 17,188
Bang Bua Thong บางบัวทอง Nonthaburi 35,761
Bang Khu Wat บางคูวัด Pathum Thani 18,536
Bang Kruai บางกรวย Nonthaburi 42,649
Bang Mun Nak บางมูลนาก Phichit 9,422
Bang Rachan บางระจัน Sing Buri 16,131
Bang Rin บางริ้น Ranong 18,788
Bang Si Mueang บางศรีเมือง Nonthaburi 26,754
Betong เบตง Yala 24,385
Bua Khao บัวขาว Kalasin 12,252
Bua Yai บัวใหญ่ Nakhon Ratchasima 16,505
Bueng Kan บึงกาฬ Bueng Kan 20,103
Bueng Yitho บึงยี่โถ Pathum Thani 24,230
Cha-am ชะอำ Phetchaburi 28,925
Chachoengsao ฉะเชิงเทรา Chachoengsao 43,812
Chaeramae แจระแม Ubon Ratchathani 12,450
Chai Nat ชัยนาท Chai Nat 16,499
Chaiyaphum ชัยภูมิ Chaiyaphum 42,436
Chanthaburi จันทบุรี Chanthaburi 28,011
Chanthanimit จันทนิมิต Chanthaburi 14,008
Chonburi ชลบุรี Chonburi 41,014
Chum Het ชุมเห็ด Buriram 19,945
Chum Phae ชุมแพ Khon Kaen 33,689
Chum Saeng ชุมแสง Nakhon Sawan 10,701
Chumphon ชุมพร Chumphon 34,895
Det Udom เดชอุดม Ubon Ratchathani 14,859
Dok Khamtai ดอกคำใต้ Phayao 14,255
Don Sak ดอนสัก Surat Thani 10,145
Hua Hin หัวหิน Prachuap Khiri Khan 41,859
Kaeng Khoi แก่งคอย Saraburi 12,172
Kalasin กาฬสินธุ์ Kalasin 36,955
Kamphaeng Phet กำแพงเพชร Kamphaeng Phet 31,192
Kamphaeng Phet กำแพงเพชร Songkhla 14,748
Kanchanaburi กาญจนบุรี Kanchanaburi 39,123
Kantang กันตัง Trang 13,656
Kantharalak กันทรลักษ์ Sisaket 20,175
Kathu กะทู้ Phuket 20,420
Khao Rup Chang เขารูปช้าง Songkhla 42,111
Khao Sam Yot เขาสามยอด Lopburi 14,776
Khelang Nakhon เขลางค์นคร Lampang 60,646
Khlong Hae คลองแห Songkhla 38,156
Khlong Luang คลองหลวง Pathum Thani 43,273
Khlung ขลุง Chanthaburi 11,996
Kho Hong คอหงส์ Songkhla 46,184
Khuan Lang ควนลัง Songkhla 47,024
Khu Khot คูคต Pathum Thani 40,634
Krabi กระบี่ Krabi 24,611
Kranuan กระนวน Khon Kaen 12,215
Krathum Baen กระทุ่มแบน Samut Sakhon 16,211
Krathum Lom กระทุ่มล้ม Nakhon Pathom 13,558
Lam Sam Kaeo ลำสามแก้ว Pathum Thani 42,153
Lam Ta Sao ลำตาเสา Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 14,483
Lamphun ลำพูน Lamphun 15,322
Lang Suan หลังสวน Chumphon 9,954
Lat Luang ลัดหลวง Samut Prakan 73,196
Lat Sawai ลาดสวาย Pathum Thani 48,211
Loei เลย Loei 23,725
Lom Raet ล้อมแรด Lampang 15,014
Lom Sak หล่มสัก Phetchabun 14,415
Lopburi ลพบุรี Lopburi 30,791
Mae Jo แม่โจ้ Chiang Mai 16,001
Mae Hia แม่เหียะ Chiang Mai 14,356
Mae Hong Son แม่ฮ่องสอน Mae Hong Son 6,208
Maha Sarakham มหาสารคาม Maha Sarakham 46,523
Map Ta Phut มาบตาพุด Rayong 33,794
Muang Ngam ม่วงงาม Songkhla 11,165
Mueang Kaen Phatthana เมืองแกนพัฒนา Chiang Mai 14,342
Mueang Pak เมืองปัก Nakhon Ratchasima 13,848
Mueang Phon เมืองพล Khon Kaen 14,220
Mukdahan มุกดาหาร Mukdahan 35,313
Nà Sản นาสาร Surat Thani 19,445
Nakhon Nayok ,นครนายก Nakhon Nayok 17,596
Nakhon Phanom นครพนม Nakhon Phanom 31,449
Nan น่าน Nan 22,273
Nang Rong นางรอง Buriram 20,798
Narathiwat นราธิวาส Narathiwat 42,890
Nong Sung-Nam Kham โนนสูง-น้ำคำ Udon Thani 10,440
Nong Bua Lamphu หนองบัวลำภู Nong Bua Lamphu 22,061
Nong Khai หนองคาย Nong Khai 46,180
Nong Pling หนองปลิง Kamphaeng Phet 11,940
Nong Prue หนองปรือ Chon Buri 46,098
Nong Samrong หนองสำโรง Udon Thani 39,489
Pa Tong ป่าตอง Phuket 13,051
Padang Besar ปาดังเบซาร์ Songkhla 16,189
Pak Chong ปากช่อง Nakhon Ratchasima 40,487
Pak Nam Samut Prakan ปากน้ำสมุทรปราการ Samut Prakan 20,822
Pak Phanang ปากพนัง Nakhon Si Thammarat 24,716
Pak Phun ปากพูน Nakhon Si Thammarat 32,622
Pang Makha ปางมะค่า Kamphaeng Phet 19,945
Pathum Thani ปทุมธานี Pathum Thani 19,031
Pattani ปัตตานี Pattani 45,914
Phak Hai ผักไห่ Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 9,429
Phanat Nikhom พนัสนิคม Chon Buri 12,555
Phang Nga พังงา Phang Nga 9,385
Phatthalung พัทลุง Phatthalung 43,065
Phayao พะเยา Phayao 20,680
Phetchabun เพชรบูรณ์ Phetchabun 25,695
Phetchaburi เพชรบุรี Phetchaburi 32,396
Phibun Mangsahan พิบูลมังสาหาร Ubon Ratchathani 11,987
Phichai พิชัย Lampang 11,695
Phichit พิจิตร Phichit 24,775
Phimonrat พิมลราช Nonthaburi 39,815
Photharam โพธาราม Ratchaburi 11,987
Phra Phutthabat พระพุทธบาท Saraburi 49,572
Phra Pradaeng พระประแดง Samut Prakan 10,540
Phrae แพร่ Phrae 18,173
Prachinburi ปราจีนบุรี Prachinburi 21,125
Prachuap Khiri Khan ประจวบคีรีขันธ์ Prachuap Khiri Khan 18,380
Prok Fa ปรกฟ้า Chon Buri 14,254
Pu Chao Saming Phrai ปู่เจ้าสมิงพราย Samut Prakan 77,976
Rai Khing ไร่ขิง Nakhon Pathom 20,752
Ranong ระนอง Ranong 15,364
Ratchaburi ราชบุรี Ratchaburi 44,983
Roi Et ร้อยเอ็ด Roi Et 37,131
Sa Kaeo สระแก้ว Sa Kaeo 16,393
Sadao สะเดา Songkhla 21,753
Saen Suk แสนสุข Chon Buri 39,563
Sam Phran สามพราน Nakhon Pathom 16,253
Samut Songkhram สมุทรสงคราม Samut Songkhram 35,475
Sanan Rak สนันรักษ์ Pathum Thani 16,002
Saraburi สระบุรี Saraburi 67,858
Sateng Nok สะเตงนอก Yala 24,714
Sattahip สัตหีบ Chon Buri 23,107
Satun สตูล Satun 22,994
Sawankhalok สวรรคโลก Sukhothai 19,966
Sena เสนา Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 5,048
Si Racha ศรีราชา Chonburi 25,999
Si Satchanalai ศรีสัชนาลัย Sukhothai 15,688
Sikhio สีคิ้ว Nakhon Ratchasima 18,644
Sila ศิลา Khon Kaen 47,070
Sing Buri สิงห์บุรี Sing Buri 21,148
Singhanakhon สิงหนคร Songkhla 39,274
Sisaket ศรีสะเกษ Sisaket 41,680
Song Phi Nong สองพี่น้อง Suphanburi 27,677
Sukhothai Thani สุโขทัยธานี Sukhothai 19,576
Su-ngai Kolok สุไหงโก-ลก Narathiwat 40,409
Suphanburi สุพรรณบุรี Suphanburi 27,677
Surin สุรินทร์ Surin 41,818
Tak ตาก Tak 24,360
Tak Bai ตากใบ Narathiwat 17,419
Takhli ตาคลี Nakhon Sawan 34,492
Takua Pa ตะกั่วป่า Phang Nga 8,145
Taluban ตะลุบัน Pattani 14,144
Taphan Hin ตะพานหิน Phichit 21,199
Tha Bo ท่าบ่อ Nong Khai 21,126
Tha Chang ท่าช้าง Chanthaburi 10,864
Tha Kham ท่าข้าม Surat Thani 22,250
Tha Khlong ท่าโขลง Pathum Thani 34,221
Tha Mai ท่าใหม่ Chanthaburi 10,258
Tha Ruea Phra Thaen ท่าเรือพระแท่น Kanchanaburi 13,136
Thap Kwang ทับกวาง Saraburi 16,977
Thung Song ทุ่งสง Nakhon Si Thammarat 27,244
Thung Tam Sao ทุ่งตำเสา Songkhla 16,706
Ton Pao ต้นเปา Chiang Mai 12,452
Trat ตราด Trat 15,501
Uthai Thani อุทัยธานี Uthai Thani 18,968
Uttaradit อุตรดิตถ์ Uttaradit 43,945
Wang Nam Yen วังน้ำเย็น Sa Kaeo 22,888
Wang Saphung วังสะพุง Loei 12,558
Warin Chamrap วารินชำราบ Ubon Ratchathani 31,673
Wichian Buri วิเชียรบุรี Phetchabun 24,804
Yasothon ยโสธร Yasothon 22,350

Township municipalities

There were 2,266 township municipalities as of 20 December 2017. [11]

NameThaiProvincePopulation
(2015) [12]
Chai Prakan ไชยปราการ Chiang Mai 16,044
Mae Ai แม่อาย Chiang Mai 8,480
Mae Sai แม่สาย Chiang Rai 22,778
Nong Bua หนองบัว Chiang Mai 13,302
Phimai พิมาย Nakhon Ratchasima 9,878
Wiang Fang เวียงฝาง Chiang Mai 7,652

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Mae Sot is a city in western Thailand that shares a border with Myanmar to the west. It is notable as a trade hub and for its substantial population of Burmese migrants and refugees. The city is part of Tak Province, 87 km from the city of Tak and 492 km from Bangkok. It is home to the district headquarters of Mae Sot District, and is the main gateway between Thailand and Burma. As a result, it has gained notoriety for its trade in gems and teak, as well as black market services such as human trafficking and illicit drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mae Sai</span> Subdistrict Municipality in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand

Mae Sai, is the district town of Mae Sai District in the far north of Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Mae Sai is a major border crossing between Thailand and Myanmar; the town of Tachileik, in Shan State is across the bridge. Asian Highway Network AH2 crosses the Mae Sai River to the town of Tachileik in Myanmar. The town of Mae Sai and Tachileik are the bi-national conurbation shared between Thailand and Myanmar.

Mae Ai is home to the district headquarters of Mae Ai District in the top of Chiang Mai province, Thailand. 174 km from the city of Chiang Mai and 107 km from City of Chiang Rai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Thailand National Games</span>

The 43rd Thailand National Games were held in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand from 9 to 19 December 2014. Competition included 43 sports and 77 disciplines. These games held in the 80th Birthday Sport Center, Suranaree University of Technology Sport Center. Nakhon Ratchasima also hosted the 2007 Southeast Asian Games.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nong Prue</span> Thesaban mueang in Chonburi, Thailand

Nong Prue is a town municipality in the Bang Lamung District of Chon Buri Province, a dormitory suburb of Pattaya, to the direct east (inland), and is home to a growing expatriate and retired population in many gated communities of luxury villas. Its population was 73,901 people in 2010 NSO, and 79,258 by 2017. Separate locally registered population (DLA) figures claim 46,098 for 2015. Like Pattaya, the latter figures probably underestimate the true number of residents, as Thai service workers tend to return to their hometowns where their residence is registered. Both figures likely do not include expats from mostly wealthy nations, nor migrants from neighboring countries who increasingly take up jobs Thais do not want and/or are not accustomed to.

Bang Rin is a town (Thesaban Mueang) in Mueang Ranong District of Ranong Province in Southern Thailand, and the location of the Ranong's provincial offices. Bang Rin is a sub-district municipality of the Ranong district. In 2015, Bang Rin had a total population of 18,788 people.

Phraekkasa is a tambon (sub-district) and neighbourhood in the area of Mueang Samut Prakan district, Samut Prakan province on eastern outskirts Bangkok.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tha Khlong</span> Town in Pathum Thani, Thailand

Tha Khlong is a thesaban mueang in the Khlong Luang District of Pathum Thani Province in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region of Central Thailand.

Thailand is a unitary state, which means the territories are separated into central co-dependencies, with the central government deciding everything for the provinces. The kingdom is separated into multiple levels including regions, provinces, and many more. Though, formally, Thailand is separated into three levels: provinces, districts, and sub-districts, there are also informal divisions such as parimonthon, and phak. Furthermore, there are administrative divisions of the same level with different names such as the first-level divisions of the province and the special administrative region.

References

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  8. 1 2 "Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning".
  9. "Department of Provincial Administration พ.ศ.2565" [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2021] (in Thai). Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  10. สำนักพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง. กรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น. กระทรวงมหาดไทย. "สรุปข้อมูล อปท ทั่วประเทศ." [ออนไลน์]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: http://www.dla.go.th/work/abt/index.jsp 2558. สืบค้น 21 กันยายน 2558.
  11. ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง สำนักพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง กรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น." [ออนไลน์]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: 2557. สืบค้น 6 กุมภาพันธ์ 2558.
  12. ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง. "ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง สำนักพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง กรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น." [ออนไลน์]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: 2557. สืบค้น 6 กุมภาพันธ์ 2558.[ permanent dead link ]

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