Mohan Mishra | |
|---|---|
| Born | 19 May 1937 |
| Died | 6 May 2021 (aged 83) Laheriasarai, Darbhanga, Bihar |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Spouse | Manjula Mishra |
| Children | Matangi, Muktakeshi, Narottam, Udbhatt |
| Awards | Padma Shri Dr Rajendra Prasad Oration Award Delhi Administration Award Wishing Shelf Award |
Mohan Mishra (19 May 1937 - 6 May 2021) [1] was an Indian physician, known for his studies on Visceral leishmaniasis, (Kala Azar) and its treatment using Amphotericin B, regarded by many as a pioneering attempt. [2] [3] [4] The Government of India honoured him, in 2014, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of medicine. [5]
Mohan Mishra was born in Koilakh, in the Madhubani district of the Indian state of Bihar on 19 May 1937. [4] After securing his medical credentials, Dr. Mishra started his career as a resident medical officer at Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) in 1962 where he continued till 1995. During his stint at the DMCH, he took a sabbatical in 1970 to secure MRCP from the UK. In 1979, Mishra became the Professor of the General Medicine department. Another higher degree of FRCP was obtained in 1984 from Edinburgh and two years later, in 1986, he became the Head of the Department of General Medicine at the DMCH. [2] [3] He also secured an FRCP from London in 1988. Dr. Mishra retired in 1995, voluntarily ending his career at the DMCH. [4]
Mishra's studies on Visceral leishmaniasis are considered by many as his most notable contribution. [2] Leishmaniasis, the second largest parasitic killer after Malaria [6] and known locally as Kala Azar, was a common disease in the area and, after extensive research [3] funded by the World Health Organization, Dr. Mishra proposed the use of Amphotericin B (Fungizone) to combat the disease through an article he published in Lancet in 1991. [4] The proposal is regarded as a pioneering one [3] and the drug is the one most commonly used the world over to treat Kala Azar. [4]
Mishra is also credited with research on arsenic in drinking water. His studies on the subject, assisted by his son, Narottam Mishra [7] who is an information scientist at the Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University, have been successful in finding a cost-effective way to eliminate arsenic from drinking water by using food-grade alum. [3] [4]
He has shown that Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), a herb traditionally used in India, can be effective in the treatment of Dementias. This study is registered in a WHO Primary Registry (ISRCTN18407424). [8] [9]
His study was presented as an eposter at the Innovation in Medicine 2018 RCP annual conference, London 25–26 June 2018 (RCP18-EP-196: BRAHMI (Bacopa monnieri Linn) in the Treatment of Dementias- A Pilot Study) and it has been published in Future Healthcare Journal. [10]
Dr. Mishra is the author of A Textbook of Clinical Medicine, published by the Oxford University Press [3] [4] and Clinical Methods in Medicine a guide on clinical examination of patients. [3] [11]
He has also written several non fiction books such as: [3] [4]
Mishra has also written many articles in international scientific journals such as Lancet and British Medical Journal. [3]
Mohan Mishra lived in Bengali Tola in Laheriasarai, the twin city of Darbhanga, in North Bihar [4] engaging himself with social activities such as free medical camps in remote villages in the Darbhanga, Jhanjharpur and Madhubani districts. [3] [4]
Mohan Mishra has served on two expert committees on Kala Azar set up by the Government of Bihar and the Government of India and has been an expert member of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). [3] [4] He has also served as the Inspector of the Medical Council of India for the master's degree examinations of Assam University, Silchar and Tamil University, Tanjavur. [3] His research paper presentations at various national and international scientific conferences included the annual conferences of the Association of Physicians of India and the World Congress of Cardiology, held in 1986 at Washington DC. [3]
Mohan Mishra is a recipient of the Dr Rajendra Prasad Oration award which the Rajendra Prasad Memorial Research Institute, Patna conferred on him for his studies on Kala Azar. [3] He has been honoured by the Delhi Administration for his literary work on the Indian freedom movement. His book, India Through Alien Eyes, won the Wishing Shelf Award in 2012. [3] [4] The Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, in 2014, by including him in the Republic day honours. [4] [5]
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Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe. The disease can present in three main ways: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral. The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose. The visceral form starts with skin ulcers and later presents with fever, low red blood cell count, and enlarged spleen and liver.
Lieutenant-General Sir William Boog Leishman, was a Scottish pathologist and British Army medical officer. He was Director-General of Army Medical Services from 1923 to 1926.
Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb native to the wetlands of southern and Eastern India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America. It is known by the common names water hyssop, waterhyssop, brahmi, thyme-leafed gratiola, herb of grace, and Indian pennywort. Bacopa monnieri is used in Ayurveda. In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned manufacturers of dietary supplement products containing Bacopa monnieri against making illegal and unproven claims that the herb can treat various diseases.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by the bite of a phlebotomine sand fly. There are about thirty species of Leishmania that may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
Rai Bahadur Sir Upendranath Brahmachari was a leading Indian physician and scientist of his time. He synthesised urea-stibamine (carbostibamide) in 1922 and determined that it was an effective treatment for kala-azar.
Bacopa is a genus of 70–100 aquatic plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is commonly known as waterhyssop.
The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is a collaborative, patients' needs-driven, non-profit drug research and development (R&D) organization that is developing new treatments for neglected diseases, notably leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, malaria, filarial diseases, mycetoma, paediatric HIV, cryptococcal meningitis, hepatitis C, and dengue. DNDi's malaria activities were transferred to Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) in 2015.
Dr Chandreshwar Prasad Thakur or C. P. Thakur is a former member of Rajya Sabha, a former minister in the Government of India, a physician and a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was a cabinet minister from 1999 to 2004 in the BJP government.
Charles Donovan MD was an Irish medical officer in the Indian Medical Service. He is best remembered for his discoveries of Leishmania donovani as the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, and Klebsiella granulomatis as that of donovanosis. The son of a judge in India, he was born in Calcutta and completed his primary education in India, and continued secondary school in Cork City, Ireland. He graduated in medicine from Trinity College Dublin and joined the Indian Medical Service. He participated in British expeditions to Mandalay in Burma, Royapuram and Mangalore in India, Afghanistan, and finally Madras, where he spent the rest of his service. He was professor at Madras Medical College from 1898 until his retirement in 1919.
Leishmania donovani is a species of intracellular parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania, a group of haemoflagellate kinetoplastids that cause the disease leishmaniasis. It is a human blood parasite responsible for visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar, the most severe form of leishmaniasis. It infects the mononuclear phagocyte system including spleen, liver and bone marrow. Infection is transmitted by species of sandfly belonging to the genus Phlebotomus in Old World and Lutzomyia in New World. The species complex it represents is prevalent throughout tropical and temperate regions including Africa, China, India, Nepal, southern Europe, Russia and South America. The species complex is responsible for thousands of deaths every year and has spread to 88 countries, with 350 million people at constant risk of infection and 0.5 million new cases in a year.
The Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR-RMRIMS), which is located at Agam Kuan, Patna, Bihar, India is a permanent research institute of the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi and an autonomous body of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a complication of visceral leishmaniasis (VL); it is characterised by a macular, maculopapular, and nodular rash in a patient who has recovered from VL and who is otherwise well. The rash usually starts around the mouth from where it spreads to other parts of the body depending on severity.
L. Everard Napier was a British tropical physician and professor of tropical medicine, known for his 1946 textbook Principles and Practice of Tropical Medicine and his 1923 book, coauthored by Ernest Muir, Kala Azar: A Handbook for Students and Practitioners.
Neglected tropical diseases in India are a group of bacterial, parasitic, viral, and fungal infections that are common in low income countries but receive little funding to address them. Neglected tropical diseases are common in India.
Kala azar in India refers to the special circumstances of the disease kala azar as it exists in India. Kala azar is a major health problem in India with an estimated 146,700 new cases per year as of 2012. In the disease a parasite causes sickness after migrating to internal organs such as the liver, spleen and bone marrow. If left untreated the disease almost always results in the death. Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and substantial swelling of the liver and spleen.
A Leishmaniasis vaccine is a vaccine which would prevent leishmaniasis. As of 2017, no vaccine for humans was available. Currently some effective leishmaniasis vaccines for dogs exist.
Clinical trials on Ayurveda refers to any clinical trials done on Ayurvedic treatment. Ayurveda is a traditional medicine system in India and like other cultural medical practices includes both conventional medicine and also complementary and alternative medicine. When there are clinical trials in Ayurveda, the focus tends to be on practices in alternative medicine.
Nilima Arun Kshirsagar FACCP, FRCP, FNAMS FNAS is an Indian clinical pharmacologist who developed and patented liposomal amphotericin B and its drug delivery system in 1993. She is the former dean of King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College. She is the national chairperson in clinical pharmacology at Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and president of the South Asian chapter of the American college of clinical pharmacology. She is a Member of the WHO Committees on Product development and Drug statistics Methodology.
Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan FRCP FTWAS was a Sudanese professor of pathology.
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