Tennessee's 1st congressional district

Tennessee's 1st congressional district
Tennessee's 1st congressional district
	Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
	Diana Harshbarger ; R–Kingsport
Distribution	57.46% urban; 42.54% rural;
Population (2022)	781,128
Median household; income	$54,716
Ethnicity	87.9% White ; 4.9% Hispanic ; 3.7% Two or more races ; 2.1% Black ; 0.8% Asian ; 0.6% other;
Cook PVI	R+30

Last updated April 25, 2024

Tennessee's 1st congressional district is the congressional district of northeast Tennessee, including all of Carter, Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, Washington, and Sevier counties and parts of Jefferson County. It is largely coextensive with the Tennessee portion of the Tri-Cities region of northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+30, it is the most Republican district in Tennessee.^[4]

Cities and towns represented within the district include Blountville, Bristol, Church Hill, Elizabethton, Erwin, Gatlinburg, Greeneville, Johnson City, Jonesborough, Kingsport, Morristown, Mountain City Newport, Pigeon Forge, Roan Mountain Rogersville, Sneedville, Sevierville and Tusculum. The 1st district's seat in the U.S. House of Representatives has been held by Republicans since 1881.

The district was created in 1805 when the at-large seat was divided among multiple districts.

The district's current representative is Republican Diana Harshbarger, who was first elected in 2020 following the retirement of Republican Phil Roe.^[5]

Election results from statewide races

These results vary from older lines to current

Year	Office	Result
1998	Governor	Sundquist 77% - Hooker 23%
2000	President	George W. Bush 61% – Al Gore 38%
2000	Senate	Frist 75% - Clark 25
2002	Senate	Alexander 66% - Clement 34%
2002	Governor	Hilleary 57% - Bredesen 43%
2004	President	George W. Bush 68% – John Kerry 31%
2006	Governor	Bredesen 59% - Bryson 41%
2006	Senate	Corker 62% - Ford Jr. 38%
2008	President	John McCain 70% – Barack Obama 28.6%
2008	Senate	Alexander 76% - Tuke 24%
2010	Governor	Haslam 78% - McWherter 22%
2012	President	Mitt Romney 72.7% – Barack Obama 25.7%
2012	Senate	Corker 77% - Clayton 23%
2014	Governor	Bill Haslam 78% - Brown 22%
2014	Senate	Alexander 71% - Ball 29%
2016	President	Donald Trump 76.7% – Hillary Clinton 19.7%
2018	Governor	Lee 78% - Dean 22%
2018	Senate	Blackburn 72% - Bredesen 28%
2020	President	Donald Trump 76.2% – Joe Biden 22.1%
2020	Senate	Hagerty 80% - Bradshaw 20%
2022	Governor	Lee 78.6% – Martin 20%

History

The 1st has generally been a very secure voting district for the Republican Party since the American Civil War, and is one of only two ancestrally Republican districts in the state (the other being the neighboring 2nd district).

Republicans (or their antecedents) have held the seat continuously since 1881 and for all but four years since 1859, while Democrats (or their antecedents) have held the congressional seat for all but eight years from when Andrew Jackson was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1796 (as the state's single at large representative) up to the term of Albert Galiton Watkins ending in 1859.

Andrew Johnson, the seventeenth President of the United States, represented the district from 1843 to 1853.

Like the rest of East Tennessee, slavery was not as common in this area as the rest of the state due to its mountain terrain, which was dominated by small farms instead of plantations.^[6] The district was also the home of the first exclusively abolitionist periodicals in the nation, The Manumission Intelligencer and The Emancipator, founded in Jonesborough by Elihu Embree in 1819.^[7]

The 1st was one of four districts in Tennessee whose congressmen did not resign when Tennessee seceded from the Union in 1861. Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson was reelected as a Unionist (the name used by a coalition of Republicans, northern Democrats and anti-Confederate Southern Democrats) to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but he was arrested by Confederate troops while en route to Washington, D.C. and taken to Richmond. Nelson was paroled and returned home to Jonesborough, where he kept a low profile for the length of his term.^[8]

Due to these factors, this area — excepting "Little Confederacy" Sullivan County with its deep ties to neighbouring Virginia — supported the Union over the Confederacy in the Civil War, and identified with the Republican Party after Tennessee was readmitted to the Union in 1866, electing candidates representing the Unionist Party — a merger of Republicans and pro-Union Democrats — both before and after the war. This allegiance has continued through good times and bad ever since, with Republicans dominating every level of government. While a few Democratic pockets exist in the district's urban areas, they are not enough to sway the district. Since 1898, Democrats have only crossed the 40 percent barrier twice, in 1962 and 1976.

The district's Republican bent is no less pronounced at the presidential level. It was one of the few areas of Tennessee where Barry Goldwater did well in 1964. Johnson, Carter, Unicoi, Washington, Cocke, Sevier and Hancock Counties are among the few counties in the country to have never supported a Democrat for president since the Civil War. Franklin D. Roosevelt turned in respectable showings in the district during his four runs for president, as did Jimmy Carter in 1976. However, Carter is the last Democrat to carry any county in the district, and apart from Sullivan County, which except in the Catholicism-dominated 1928 election was consistently Democratic up to 1948, and Hamblen County in that 1976 election, no county in the present district has backed a Democrat for President since 1940.

The district typically gives its congressmen very long tenures in Washington; indeed, it elected some of the few truly senior Southern Republican congressmen before the 1950s. Only nine people have represented it since 1921. Two of them, B. Carroll Reece and Jimmy Quillen, are the longest-serving members of the House in Tennessee history. Reece held the seat for all but six years from 1921 and 1961, while Quillen held it from 1963 to 1997.

List of members representing the district

Representative	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District location
District established March 4, 1805
John Rhea (Blountville)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1813	9th 10th 11th 12th 13th	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1805. Re-elected in 1807. Re-elected in 1809. Re-elected in 1811. Re-elected in 1813. Lost re-election.	1805–1813 "Washington district": Carter, Greene, Hawkins, Sullivan, and Washington counties
John Rhea (Blountville)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815	9th 10th 11th 12th 13th		1813–1823 Carter, Greene, Hawkins, Sullivan, and Washington counties
Samuel Powell (Rogersville)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817	14th	Elected in 1815. Retired.
John Rhea (Blountville)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1823	15th 16th 17th	Elected in 1817. Re-elected in 1819. Re-elected in 1821. Retired.
John Blair (Jonesboro)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd	Elected in 1823. Re-elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Re-elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. Re-elected in 1833. Lost re-election.	1823–1833 Carter, Greene, Hawkins, Sullivan, and Washington counties
	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1835
	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1835			1833–1843 [ data missing ]
William B. Carter (Elizabethton)	Anti-Jacksonian	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837	24th 25th 26th	Elected in 1835. Re-elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. Retired.
William B. Carter (Elizabethton)	Whig	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841	24th 25th 26th
Thomas D. Arnold (Greeneville)	Whig	March 4, 1841 – March 3, 1843	27th	Elected in 1841. Retired.
Andrew Johnson (Greeneville)	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1853	28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd	Elected in 1842. Re-elected in 1845. Re-elected in 1847. Re-elected in 1849. Re-elected in 1851. Retired to run for Governor of Tennessee.	1843–1853 [ data missing ]}
Brookins Campbell (Washington College)	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – December 25, 1853	33rd	Elected in 1853. Died.	1853–1861 [ data missing ]}
Vacant		December 25, 1853 – March 30, 1854
Nathaniel G. Taylor (Happy Valley)	Whig	March 30, 1854 – March 3, 1855		Elected to finish Campbell's term. Lost re-election.
Albert G. Watkins (Panther Springs)	Democratic	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859	34th 35th	Elected in 1855. Re-elected in 1857. Retired.
Thomas A. R. Nelson (Jonesboro)	Opposition	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	36th	Elected in 1859. Re-elected in 1861, but captured en route to Congress and failed to take his seat.
District inactive		March 4, 1861 – July 24, 1866	37th 38th 39th	Civil War and Reconstruction
Nathaniel G. Taylor (Happy Valley)	Unionist	July 24, 1866 – March 3, 1867	39th	Elected in 1865. Retired.	1866–1873 [ data missing ]
Roderick R. Butler (Taylorsville)	Republican	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1875	40th 41st 42nd 43rd	Elected in 1867. Re-elected in 1868. Re-elected in 1870. Re-elected in 1872. Lost re-election.	1866–1873 [ data missing ]
Roderick R. Butler (Taylorsville)	Republican	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1875	40th 41st 42nd 43rd		1873–1883 [ data missing ]
William McFarland (Morristown)	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	44th	Elected in 1874. Lost re-election.
James H. Randolph (Newport)	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	Elected in 1876. Retired.
Robert L. Taylor (Jonesboro)	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881	46th	Elected in 1878. Lost re-election.
Augustus H. Pettibone (Greeneville)	Republican	March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1887	47th 48th 49th	Elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Retired.
1883–1893 [ data missing ]			47th 48th 49th
	Roderick R. Butler (Mountain City)	Republican	March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889	50th	Elected in 1886. Retired.
	Alfred A. Taylor (Johnson City)	Republican	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1895	51st 52nd 53rd	Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Retired.
1893–1903 [ data missing ]				51st 52nd 53rd
	William C. Anderson (Newport)	Republican	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897	54th	Elected in 1894. Lost renomination.
	Walter P. Brownlow (Jonesboro)	Republican	March 4, 1897 – July 8, 1910	55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st	Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Died.
1903–1913 [ data missing ]				55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st
	Vacant		July 8, 1910 – November 8, 1910	61st
	Zachary D. Massey (Sevierville)	Republican	November 8, 1910 – March 3, 1911	61st	Elected to finish Brownlow's term. Retired.
	Sam R. Sells (Johnson City)	Republican	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921	62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th	Elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Lost renomination.
1913–1933 Carter, Claiborne, Cocke, Grainger, Greene, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sevier, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington counties^[9]	Sam R. Sells (Johnson City)	Republican	March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1921	62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th
	B. Carroll Reece (Butler)	Republican	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1931	67th 68th 69th 70th 71st	Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Lost renomination.
	Oscar B. Lovette (Greeneville)	Republican	March 4, 1931 – March 3, 1933	72nd	Elected in 1930. Lost renomination.
B. Carroll Reece (Johnson City)	Republican	March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1947	73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th	Elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Retired to serve as chairman of the Republican National Committee.	1933–1943 [ data missing ]
1943–1953 [ data missing ]			73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th
	Dayton E. Phillips (Elizabethton)	Republican	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1951	80th 81st	Elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Lost renomination.
	B. Carroll Reece (Johnson City)	Republican	January 3, 1951 – March 19, 1961	82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th	Elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Died.
1953–1963 [ data missing ]				82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th
	Vacant		March 19, 1961 – May 16, 1961	87th
	Louise Reece (Johnson City)	Republican	May 16, 1961 – January 3, 1963	87th	Elected to finish her husband's term. Retired.
Jimmy Quillen (Kingsport)	Republican	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1997	88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th	Elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Retired.	1963–1973 [ data missing ]
1973–1983 [ data missing ]
1983–1993 [ data missing ]
1993–2003 [ data missing ]
1993–2003 [ data missing ]	Bill Jenkins (Rogersville)	Republican	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2007	105th 106th 107th 108th 109th	Elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Retired.
2003–2013				105th 106th 107th 108th 109th
	David Davis (Johnson City)	Republican	January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2009	110th	Elected in 2006. Lost renomination.
	Phil Roe (Johnson City)	Republican	January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2021	111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired.
2013–2023				111th 112th 113th 114th 115th 116th
2013–2023	Diana Harshbarger (Kingsport)	Republican	January 3, 2021 – present	117th 118th	Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022.
2023–present	Diana Harshbarger (Kingsport)	Republican	January 3, 2021 – present	117th 118th	Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022.

Recent election results

2012

Tennessee's 1st congressional district, 2012
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Phil Roe (Incumbent)	182,252	76
	Democratic	Alan Woodruff	47,663	19.9
	Green	Robert N. Smith	2,872	1.2
	Independent	Karen Brackett	4,837	2
	Independent	Michael Salyer	2,048	0.9
Total votes			239,672	100
	Republican hold

2014

Tennessee's 1st congressional district, 2014^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Phil Roe (incumbent)	115,533	82.8
	Independent	Robert D. Franklin	9,906	7.1
	Green	Robert N. Smith	9,869	7.1
	Independent	Michael D. Salyer	4,148	3.0
	Independent	Scott Kudialis (write-in)	14	0.0
Total votes			139,470	100.0
	Republican hold

2016

Tennessee's 1st congressional district, 2016^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Phil Roe (incumbent)	198,293	78.4
	Democratic	Alan Bohms	39,024	15.4
	Independent	Robert Franklin	15,702	6.2
	Independent	Paul Krane (write-in)	6	0.0
Total votes			253,025	100.0
	Republican hold

2018

Tennessee's 1st congressional district, 2018^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Phil Roe (incumbent)	172,835	77.1
	Democratic	Marty Olsen	47,138	21.0
	Independent	Michael Salyer	4,309	1.9
Total votes			224,282	100.0
	Republican hold

2020

Tennessee's 1st congressional district, 2020^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Diana Harshbarger	228,181	74.7
	Democratic	Blair Walsingham	68,617	22.5
	Independent	Steve Holder	8,621	2.8
	Write-in		4	0.0
Total votes			305,423	100.0
	Republican hold

2022

Tennessee's 1st congressional district, 2022
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Diana Harshbarger (incumbent)	147,253	78.3
	Democratic	Cameron Parsons	37,032	19.7
	Independent	Richard Baker	2,466	1.3
	Independent	Matt Makrom	1,245	0.7
Total votes			187,996	100.0
	Republican hold

Sources

Political Graveyard database of Tennessee congressmen

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References

↑ "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau Geography.
↑ "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau.
↑ "My Congressional District".
1 2 "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
↑ Pathé, Simone (January 3, 2020). "Tennessee's Phil Roe won't run for reelection in 2020". Roll Call . Washington, D.C. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
↑ "Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture: Slavery". tennesseeencyclopedia.net. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
↑ "First Abolition Publications 1A82 - Jonesborough, Tn. - Tennessee Historical Markers on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com.
↑ ""A Patriot's Voice", Neal O'Steen, Tennessee Alumnus Summer 1997". utk.edu. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010.
↑ L.A. Coolidge (1897). "Tennessee". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Fifth Congress. 1991/1992- : S. Pub. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
↑ "November 4, 2014 General Election Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Tennessee. December 3, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
↑ "November 2016 US House Results by County" (PDF). Secretary of State of Tennessee. December 13, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
↑ Johnson, Cheryl L. (February 28, 2019). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2018". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives . Retrieved April 27, 2019.
↑ State of Tennessee General Election Results, November 3, 2020, Results By Office (PDF) (Report). Secretary of State of Tennessee. December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

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[1] "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau Geography.

[2] "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau.

[3] "My Congressional District".

[Cook-4] 1 2 "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

[5] Pathé, Simone (January 3, 2020). "Tennessee's Phil Roe won't run for reelection in 2020". Roll Call . Washington, D.C. Retrieved January 3, 2020.

[6] "Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture: Slavery". tennesseeencyclopedia.net. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.

[7] "First Abolition Publications 1A82 - Jonesborough, Tn. - Tennessee Historical Markers on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com.

[8] ""A Patriot's Voice", Neal O'Steen, Tennessee Alumnus Summer 1997". utk.edu. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010.

[9] L.A. Coolidge (1897). "Tennessee". Official Congressional Directory: Fifty-Fifth Congress. 1991/1992- : S. Pub. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.

[TN-RESULTS-10] "November 4, 2014 General Election Results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Tennessee. December 3, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2022.

[Unofficialresults-11] "November 2016 US House Results by County" (PDF). Secretary of State of Tennessee. December 13, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2022.

[clerk2018-12] Johnson, Cheryl L. (February 28, 2019). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2018". Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives . Retrieved April 27, 2019.

[TNgenr-13] State of Tennessee General Election Results, November 3, 2020, Results By Office (PDF) (Report). Secretary of State of Tennessee. December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.

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