Cytochromes P450 are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. In mammals, these enzymes oxidize steroids, fatty acids, xenobiotics, and participate in many biosyntheses. CYP450 enzymes convert xenobiotics into hydrophilic derivatives, which are more readily excreted. In almost all of the transformations that they catalyze, P450's affect hydroxylation.
Any enzyme system that includes cytochrome P450 protein or domain can be called a P450-containing system.
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
CYP20A1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP20A1 gene.
CYP4Z1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP4Z1 gene.
CYP4X1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP4X1 gene.
CYP4F22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP4F22 gene.
Saccharopolyspora erythraea is a species of actinomycete bacteria within the genus Saccharopolyspora.
6-deoxyerythronolide B hydroxylase is an Actinomycetota Cytochrome P450 enzyme originally from Saccharopolyspora erythraea, catalyzes the 6S-hydroxylate of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-DEB) to erythronolide B (EB) which is the first step of biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. This bacterial enzyme belongs to CYP family CYP107, with the CYP Symbol CYP107A1.
Cholest-4-en-3-one 26-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.141, CYP125, CYP125A1, cholest-4-en-3-one 27-monooxygenase) is an enzyme with systematic name cholest-4-en-3-one,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (26-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
ERG5 or Sterol 22-desaturase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway of fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the CYP Symbol CYP61A1. CYP61A1 is one of only three P450 enzyme found in baker's yeast, the other two are CYP51F1 and CYP56A1. The ortholog in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, was named CYP61A3 for historical reasons, and is only one of two P450 enzyme found with CYP51F1. ERG5 catalyzes the C22-C23 double bond formation on the sterol side chain of ergostatrienol to convert it into ergostatetraenol, then the C24 double bond of ergostatetrenol will be hydrogenation reduced into ergosterol by ERG4.
Cytochrome P450, family 55, also known as CYP55, is a cytochrome P450 family in fungi supposed to derived from horizontal gene transfer of Actinomycetes CYP105 family member in the ancestor of all Dikarya. The first gene identified in this family is the CYP55A1 from Fusarium oxysporum encoding the NADPH dependent reductase of nitrous oxide.
Cytochrome P450, family 710, also known as CYP710, is a plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family, the proteins encoded by its family members are mainly sterol 22-desaturase, which was widely distributed in plants, and take participate in Phytosteroidogenesis. CYP710 family is considered to be the plant orthologous of fungi CYP61 family, which is lost in animal. The CYP61/CYP710 ancestor gene diverged from a gene duplication of ancestor CYP51 in early eukaryotes
Cytochrome P450 family 107 subfamily G member 1 is an actinobacterial Cytochrome P450 enzyme originally from Streptomyces rapamycinicus, which catalyzes the oxidation reaction of C27 of pre-rapamycin in the biosynthesis pathway of the macrolide antibiotic rapamycin.
Cytochrome P450, family 105, also known as CYP105, is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family in bacteria, predominantly found in the phylum Actinomycetota and the order Actinomycetales. The first three genes and subfamilies identified in this family is the herbicide-inducible P-450SU1 and P-450SU2 from Streptomyces griseolus and choP from Streptomyces sp's cholesterol oxidase promoter region.
Cytochrome P450, family 11, also known as CYP11, is a chordate cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. This family contains many enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, such as Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), Steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). CYP11 can be divided into A to E five subfamilies, and CYP11A are the ohonologues to CYP11C, which duplicated during 2R event, and the tetrapod's CYP11B evolved from CYP11C of its fish ancestors, CYP11D and F found in amphioxus. These are not the typical CYP subfamilies, which share at least 40% amino acid identity, members between CYP11A and B subfamily are only 37.5-38.8% identical, and the CYP11D and E genes seen in modern lancelet is 39% identical to catfish CYP11A1.
Cytochrome P450, family 16, also known as CYP16, is an animal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. This family was the last vertebrate CYP family recognized, and is absent from the mammal and zebrafish genome, but found in other fish and many invertebrates including some very old branches, such as Trichoplax and Oscarella carmela. Synteny mapping of CYP16 family members showing linkages to CYP26 family members, means the tetrapod's CYP26 may evolved from CYP16 of fish.
Cytochrome P450, family 13, also known as CYP13, is a nematoda cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. The first gene identified in this family is the CYP13A1 from the Caenorhabditis elegans.
Cytochrome P450, family 139, also known as CYP139, is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family in bacteria. The first gene identified in this family is CYP139A1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most member of this family belonged to the subfamily A, and involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in many mycobacterial species.
Cytochrome P450, family 26, also known as CYP26, is an mammal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family found in human genome. There are three members in the human genome, CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and CYP26C1. Synteny mapping of CYP26 family members showing linkages to CYP16 family members of many invertebrates, means the tetrapod's CYP26 may evolved from CYP16 of fish.
