Gary, West Virginia

Gary, West Virginia
City
Our Lady of Victory Catholic Church
Location of Gary in McDowell County, West Virginia (left) and of McDowell County in West Virginia (right)
Coordinates: 37°21′41″N81°32′11″W / 37.36139°N 81.53639°W / 37.36139; -81.53639
Country	United States
State	West Virginia
County	McDowell
Founded	1902
Incorporated	July 1, 1971
Named for	Elbert H. Gary
Government [1]
• Type	Mayor–council
• Mayor	Larry Hairston [2]
Area [3]
• Total	0.87 sq mi (2.26 km2)
• Land	0.84 sq mi (2.18 km2)
• Water	0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2)
Elevation	1,411 ft (430 m)
Population  (2020) [4]
• Total	762
• Estimate  (2021) [4]	730
• Density	936.98/sq mi (361.88/km2)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-04:00 (EDT)
ZIP Code	24836
Area codes	304, 681
FIPS code	54-30196
GNIS feature ID	1554536 [5]

Gary is a city located along the Tug Fork River in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. According to the 2020 census, ^[4] the city had a population of 762. It was named for Elbert Henry Gary, one of the founders of U.S. Steel. The former coal towns of Elbert, Filbert, Thorpe, and Wilcoe became part of Gary at the time of its incorporation in 1971. ^[6]

History

Child coal miners in Gary, photographed in 1908 by Lewis Hine

In 1902, U.S. Steel began housing people in Gary Hollow for employment at one of the coal town's fourteen mines that produced metallurgical coal. ^[7]

During the early 1940s, Gary Hollow, named for Elbert Henry Gary, ^[8] produced around a quarter of the amount of coal mined from McDowell County, as well as a quarter of the coal used by U.S. Steel during World War II. ^[7] At the time, the town boasted a large number of African American miners and began integrating the school system in the 1950s. ^[7] However, Gary Hollow's education system was not completely integrated until 1964. ^[7]

On July 1, 1971, the city of Gary was incorporated after the city held an election on March 16, 1970. ^[9] Beginning in the 1970s, Gary's unemployment rate began to increase after most of the high-quality metallurgical coal had already been mined. ^[7] In March 1982 alone, around 550 miners employed by U.S. Steel in the town were laid off. ^[7] By the end of 1982, all U.S. Steel mines located in Gary were closed. ^[7] Former mayor, Charles Hodge claimed that U.S. Steel failed to make an effort help the city. ^[7]

In March 1983, the unemployment rate rose to 90%, the highest of any town in the United States. ^[7] Four years later, Gary Enterprise reopened one of the mines after purchasing it from U.S. Steel, and other companies arranged sub-leases to mine the remaining coal that was accessible. ^[7] In 1990, Gary only had 180 mining jobs. ^[7] Two years later, the now demolished U.S. Coal and Coke Company Store at Ream was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. ^[10] In July 2003, U.S. Steel announced that they sold their remaining assets to PinnOak Resources. ^[7]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Gary has a total area of 0.87 square miles (2.25 km²), of which 0.84 square miles (2.18 km²) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km²) is water. ^{[11] [12]}

Gary has a railway station on the Norfolk Southern Railway, known previously as the Norfolk and Western network.

Climate

Climate data for Gary, West Virginia
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	79 (26)	79 (26)	87 (31)	90 (32)	94 (34)	102 (39)	102 (39)	100 (38)	100 (38)	92 (33)	83 (28)	79 (26)	102 (39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	44 (7)	48 (9)	56 (13)	67 (19)	75 (24)	82 (28)	86 (30)	85 (29)	78 (26)	68 (20)	58 (14)	48 (9)	66 (19)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	21 (−6)	24 (−4)	30 (−1)	37 (3)	46 (8)	55 (13)	60 (16)	60 (16)	53 (12)	40 (4)	31 (−1)	24 (−4)	40 (5)
Record low °F (°C)	−26 (−32)	−6 (−21)	−6 (−21)	15 (−9)	26 (−3)	32 (0)	39 (4)	40 (4)	30 (−1)	14 (−10)	1 (−17)	−9 (−23)	−26 (−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.61 (92)	3.00 (76)	3.40 (86)	3.73 (95)	4.25 (108)	3.54 (90)	4.20 (107)	3.89 (99)	2.87 (73)	2.73 (69)	2.74 (70)	2.70 (69)	40.66 (1,033)
Source: The Weather Channel. [13]

Demographics

2010 census

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1960	1,393		—
1980	2,233		—
1990	1,355		−39.3%
2000	917		−32.3%
2010	968		5.6%
2020	762		−21.3%
2021 (est.)	730	[4]	−4.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [14]

As of the census ^[15] of 2010, there were 968 people, 391 households, and 244 families living in the city. The population density was 1,152.4 inhabitants per square mile (444.9/km²). There were 536 housing units at an average density of 638.1 per square mile (246.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.8% White, 27.7% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.

There were 391 households, of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 19.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.6% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.77.

The median age in the city was 52.4 years. 16.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18% were from 25 to 44; 28.2% were from 45 to 64; and 30.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.2% male and 53.8% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 917 people, 420 households, and 260 families living in the city. The population density was 1,024.0 people per square mile (393.4/km²). There were 542 housing units at an average density of 605.2 per square mile (232.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.40% White, 35.55% African American, 0.11% Native American, and 2.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 420 households, out of which 17.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.9% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.0% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 18.4% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 32.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,857, and the median income for a family was $30,938. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $17,019 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,233. About 24.2% of families and 30.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 58.2% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable person

• Johnny Bero, professional baseball player who was an infielder for parts of two seasons with the Detroit Tigers and St. Louis Browns. ^[16]

References

1. "McDowell County Mayors" (PDF). Region I Planning & Development Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
2. "Council of the Southern Mountains - Newsletter". councilofthesouthernmountains.com. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
3. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
4. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021". Census.gov. US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
5. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
6. Garay, Ronald (2011). U.S. Steel and Gary, West Virginia: Corporate Paternalism in Appalachia. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. p. 103. ISBN   1572337974.
7. Nyden, Paul J. (February 9, 2013). "Book review: The rise and fall of Gary, W.Va". The Charleston Gazette. Archived from the original on May 29, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
8. "Gary, West Virginia". Abandoned. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
9. "Charter of City of Gary" (PDF). West Virginia Secretary of State Office. January 5, 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
10. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
11. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
12. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
13. "MONTHLY AVERAGES for Gary, WV". The Weather Channel . Retrieved March 6, 2011.^{[ dead link ]}
14. "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
15. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 24, 2013.
16. "John Bero". Baseball Reference. Retrieved March 11, 2014.

External links

• Coalfields of the Appalachian Mountains – Gary, WV