The lists and tables below summarize and compare the letter inventories of some of the Latin-script alphabets. In this article, the scope of the word "alphabet" is broadened to include letters with tone marks, and other diacritics used to represent a wide range of orthographic traditions, without regard to whether or how they are sequenced in their alphabet or the table.
Parentheses indicate characters not used in modern standard orthographies of the languages, but used in obsolete and/or dialectal forms.
Among alphabets for natural languages the English, [36] Indonesian, and Malay alphabets only use the 26 letters in both cases.
Among alphabets for constructed languages the Ido and Interlingua alphabets only use the 26 letters, while Toki Pona uses a 14-letter subset.
Among alphabets for natural languages the Afrikaans, [54] Aromanian, Azerbaijani (some dialects) [53] , Basque, [4] , Celtic British, Catalan, [6] Cornish, Czech, [8] Danish, [9] Dutch, [10] Emilian-Romagnol, Filipino, [11] Finnish, French, [12] , German, [13] Greenlandic, Hungarian, [15] Javanese, Karakalpak, [23] Kurdish, Modern Latin, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, [9] Oromo [65] , Papiamento [63] , Polish [22] , Portuguese, Quechua, Rhaeto-Romance, Romanian, Slovak, [24] Spanish, [25] Sundanese, Swedish, Tswana, [52] Uyghur, Venda, [51] Võro, Walloon, [27] West Frisian, Xhosa, Zhuang, Zulu alphabets include all 26 letters, at least in their largest version.
Among alphabets for constructed languages the Interglossa and Occidental alphabets include all 26 letters.
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) includes all 26 letters in their lowercase forms, although g is always single-storey ( ɡ ) in the IPA and never double-storey ( ).
This list is based on official definitions of each alphabet. However, excluded letters might occur in non-integrated loan words and place names.
Alphabet | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Classical Latin [2] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | V | X | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Albanian [3] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 25 | |
Anglo-Saxon | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | X | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Arbëresh | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 25 | |
Asturian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Azerbaijani [53] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 25 | |
Bambara [39] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Belarusian [5] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Berber | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | Q | R | S | T | U | W | X | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Bislama [45] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | 22 | ||||
Breton | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Chamorro [43] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | Y | 20 | ||||||
Chewa | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Corsican [31] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Crimean Tatar | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Croatian [7] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Cypriot Arabic [59] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Dakelh [61] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 22 | ||
Dakota | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | J | K | M | N | O | P | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 20 | ||||||
Dalecarlian | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | 22 | ||||
Dinka [40] | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | T | U | W | Y | 20 | ||||||
Esperanto | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Estonian | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 21 | |||||
Extremaduran | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Fala | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | 23 | |||
Faroese | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | 21 | |||||
Filipino Abakada [11] | A | B | D | E | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | 19 | |||||||
Friulian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 21 | |||||
Fula [41] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | X | Y | 23 | |||
Gagauz | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Galician [33] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | 22 | ||||
Gilbertese | A | B | E | I | K | M | N | O | R | T | U | W | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Glosa | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z | 25 | |
Traditional Greenlandic | A | E | F | G | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | 18 | ||||||||
Guaraní [14] | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | 21 | |||||
Gwich'in [67] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Haitian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 25 | |
Hän | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 22 | ||||
Hausa [30] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Hawaiian | A | E | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | U | W | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Icelandic | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | 22 | ||||
Igbo [42] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Inari Sami | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Irish [16] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 20 | ||||||
Italian [17] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 21 | |||||
Karelian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Kashubian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Kazakh [38] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Khasi | A | B | D | E | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | 20 | ||||||
Latvian [18] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | (Y) | Z | 23 | |||
Lithuanian [19] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Livonian [46] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | (Y) | Z | 23 | ||||
Lojban | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Lule Sami [60] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | 20 | ||||||
Malagasy | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | V | Y | Z | 21 | |||||
Maltese [20] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z | 24 | ||
Manx Gaelic | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | 24 | ||
Māori [34] | A | E | G | H | I | K | M | N | O | P | R | T | U | W | 14 | ||||||||||||
Marshallese [47] | A | B | D | E | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | T | U | W | Y | 17 | |||||||||
Massachusett [62] | A | C | E | H | K | M | N | P | Q | S | T | U | W | Y | 14 | ||||||||||||
Mirandese | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | X | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Mohawk | A | E | H | I | K | N | O | R | S | T | W | Y | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Na'vi [57] [2] | A | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 21 | |||||
Navajo | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | S | T | W | X | Y | Z | 20 | ||||||
Northern Sami | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Nuxalk | A | C | H | I | K | L | M | N | P | Q | S | T | U | W | X | Y | 16 | ||||||||||
Occitan | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | 23 | |||
Pan-Nigerian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Piedmontese | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Pinyin [32] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | W | X | Y | Z | 25 | |
Romani [29] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | 23 | |||
Rotokas | A | E | G | I | K | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Samoan | A | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | 17 | |||||||||
Sardinian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Scottish Gaelic | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | 18 | ||||||||
Serbian [7] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Shona | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 24 | |||
Sicilian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Skolt Sami | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Slovenian | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Somali | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | Q | R | S | T | U | W | X | Y | 23 | |||
Sorbian [64] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Southern Sami | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | 21 | |||||
Swahili | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Tahitian | A | E | F | H | I | M | N | O | P | R | T | U | V | 13 | |||||||||||||
Tetum | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z | 23 | |||
Toki Pona | A | E | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | S | T | U | W | 14 | ||||||||||||
Tongan | A | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | S | T | U | V | 16 | ||||||||||
Turkish | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | Z | 23 | |||
Turkmen [55] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Z | 22 | ||||
Ulithian [49] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | 21 | |||||
Ume Sami | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Y | 21 | |||||
Uzbek [25] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 25 | |
Veps | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | Z | 22 | ||||
Vietnamese [26] | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | 22 | ||||
Volapük | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | Z | 24 | ||
Welsh [28] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | 21 | |||||
Wolof | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | W | X | Y | 24 | |||
Yapese [50] | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | W | Y | 23 | |||
Yoruba [44] | A | B | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | 21 | |||||
Zuni [66] | A | B | C | D | E | H | I | K | L | M | N | O | P | S | T | U | W | Y | 18 | ||||||||
count | 100 | 89 | 71 | 88 | 99 | 84 | 92 | 93 | 99 | 77 | 84 | 93 | 98 | 99 | 98 | 94 | 32 | 93 | 94 | 99 | 96 | 68 | 45 | 31 | 68 | 65 |
The I is used in two distinct versions in Turkic languages: dotless (I ı) and dotted (İ i). They are considered different letters, and case conversion must take care to preserve the distinction. Irish traditionally does not write the dot, or tittle, over the small letter i, but the language makes no distinction here if a dot is displayed, so no specific encoding and special case conversion rule is needed as it is for Turkic alphabets.
The chart above lists a variety of alphabets that do not officially contain all 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet. In this list, one letter is used by all of them: A. For each of the 26 basic ISO Latin alphabet letters, the number of alphabets in the list above using it is as follows:
Letter | A | E | I | N | T | M | O | U | P | S | H | R | G | L | B | D | F | K | J | C | Y | V | Z | W | Q | X |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alphabets | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 97 | 96 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 89 | 88 | 84 | 84 | 77 | 71 | 69 | 68 | 64 | 45 | 32 | 31 |
Some languages have extended the Latin alphabet with ligatures, modified letters, or digraphs. These symbols are listed below.
Additional base letters | Æ | Ɑ | Ꞵ | Ð | Ǝ | Ə | Ɛ | Ɣ | I | Ɩ | Ŋ | Œ | Ɔ | Ꞷ | Ʊ | K' | ẞ | Ʃ | Þ | Ʋ | Ƿ | Ȝ | Ʒ | ʔ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
æ | ɑ | ꞵ | ð | ǝ | ə | ɛ | ɣ | ı | ɩ | ŋ | œ | ɔ | ꞷ | ʊ | ĸ | ß | ʃ | þ | ʋ | ƿ | ȝ | ʒ | ʔ | |
Anglo-Saxon | Æ | Ð | Þ | Ƿ | Ȝ | |||||||||||||||||||
Azeri [53] | Ə | I | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bambara [39] | Ɛ | Ŋ | Ɔ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Northern Berber | Ɛ | Ɣ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Southern Berber | Ǝ | Ɣ | Ŋ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Crimean Tatar | I | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dalecarlian | Ð | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish [9] Norwegian [9] Southern Sami (Norway) | Æ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dinka | Ɛ | Ɣ | Ŋ | Ɔ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Faroese | Æ | Ð | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Greenlandic | Æ | (ĸ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German [13] | ß | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Icelandic Norn | Æ | Ð | Þ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Celtic British English [36] French [12] Latin [2] | Æ | Œ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Inari Sami Northern Sami Lule Sami [60] Fula [41] Alphabet of Mauritania Alphabet of Senegal | Ŋ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Skolt Sami | Ŋ | Ʒ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pan-Nigerian | Ǝ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Turkish Kazakh [38] | I | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Cameroon | Æ | Ɑ | Ə | Ɛ | Ŋ | Œ | Ɔ | |||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Benin | Ǝ | Ɛ | Ɣ | Ŋ | Ɔ | Ʊ | Ʋ | |||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Burkina Faso | Ǝ | Ɛ | Ɩ | Ŋ | Ɔ | Ʋ | ||||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Chad [68] | Ə | Ɛ | Ŋ | Ɔ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Côte d'Ivoire | Ɛ | Ɩ | Ŋ | Ɔ | Ʊ | Ɂ | ||||||||||||||||||
Scientific Alphabet of Gabon | Ꞵ | Ð | Ǝ | Ɛ | Ɣ | Ŋ | Ɔ | Ʃ | Ʒ | Ɂ | ||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Mali | Ǝ | Ɛ | Ɣ | Ŋ | Ɔ | Ɂ | ||||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Niger | Ǝ | Ɣ | Ŋ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabet of Zaïre | Ɛ | Ɔ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
African reference alphabet | Ɑ | Ǝ | Ɛ | Ɣ | Ɩ | Ŋ | Ɔ | Ꞷ | Ʃ | Ʋ | Ʒ | Ɂ | ||||||||||||
Count | 7 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
The tables below are a work in progress. Eventually, table cells with light blue shading will indicate letter forms that do not constitute distinct letters in their associated alphabets. Please help with this task if you have the required linguistic knowledge and technical editing skill.
For the order in which the characters are sorted in each alphabet, see collating sequence.