List of ghost towns in Oregon

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According to several historians, the U.S. state of Oregon contains over 200 ghost towns. [1] [2] Professor and historian Stephen Arndt has counted a total of 256 ghost towns in the state, some well known, others "really obscure." [3] The high number of ghost towns and former communities in the state is largely due to its frontier history and the influx of pioneers who emerged in the area during the 19th century. [2] Many of the ghost towns in Oregon were once mining or lumber camps that were abandoned after their respective industries became unprosperous. [2]

Contents

This list includes towns and communities that have been described as ghost towns, and may be abandoned, unpopulated, or have populations that have declined to significantly small numbers; [a] some may still be classified as unincorporated communities. As of 2019, some of the towns included may have small residual populations; others may retain few physical remnants of their existence, but are broadly considered ghost towns under prevailing definitions in the United States. [b]

Classifications

Many historians and enthusiasts of ghost towns use a classification system to distinguish ghost towns by types. This classification, which breaks towns into numerous different types, was established by photographer Gary Speck, and has been adapted here. [6] [7]

ClassDistinguishing features [6]
ANo apparent remains of former settlement exist. In some cases, site may be marked and/or contain a cemetery.
B Dilapidated buildings and/or remnants of buildings present, along with rubble and debris.
CNo population, but structures are still mostly intact; may be actively preserved by a caretaker.
DArea is sparsely populated and may boast period structures (of varied physical condition) and/or a cemetery, but no operative town proper.
EHas retained a small population and historic structures, though typically not as substantive as in its heyday.
FNot a stand-alone classification, but an addition to any of the above. It usually designates a restored town, state park, or indicates some other “additional” status.

Towns

Antelope, 2009 Antelope Oregon post office.jpg
Antelope, 2009
Bayocean, c. 1911 Bayohotelviewa.jpg
Bayocean, c. 1911
Cornucopia, 1913 Cornucopia, Oregon (1913).jpg
Cornucopia, 1913
Flora, 2009 Flora Church (Wallowa County, Oregon scenic images) (walDA0064).jpg
Flora, 2009
Golden, 2009 Golden church 3 - Golden Oregon.jpg
Golden, 2009
Kent, 2006 Old Grain Elevator (Sherman County, Oregon scenic images) (sheD0049).jpg
Kent, 2006
Lime building interior, 2012 Lime, Oregon (8112049437).jpg
Lime building interior, 2012
Millican, 2011 Millican, Oregon.jpg
Millican, 2011
Ordnance, 2011 Ordnance, Oregon.jpg
Ordnance, 2011
Richmond, 2011 Church building in Richmond, Oregon.jpg
Richmond, 2011
Whitney, c. 1900 Post office in Whitney, Oregon.jpg
Whitney, c. 1900
Zumwalt, 2009 Zumwalt Prairie (Wallowa County, Oregon scenic images) (walDA0139).jpg
Zumwalt, 2009
TownEst.Disest.CountyClassNotesRefs.
Airlie 18821927 Polk DThe railroad from Airlie north to Monmouth was abandoned in 1927, but the community survived, anchored by a general store and gas station. [8] [9]
Ajax 18881940s [10] Gilliam A20 miles Northwest of Condon lies what's left of Ajax, along with its accompanying private use runway. [11]
All Hours Un­knownUn­known Josephine AA gold mining town 4 miles east of Takilma in the Illinois River Valley. [12]
Alma 1880sUn­known Lane AIt was the location of a work camp for the county Department of Corrections in Lane County until 2008. [13]
Andrews 18801996 Harney CWhen it burned down in 1996, the community became a ghost town. [14]
Anlauf 19011946 Douglas DNear modern Curtin. [15]
Antelope 1871 Wasco DAs more Rajneeshees moved to Antelope, more of the town's original residents sold their lots and left. The old-timers panicked, and held a vote to disincorporate. [16]
Apiary 1889 Columbia DCurrently, Apiary Road is a popular freight route for forest products moving from the Northern Oregon Coast Range to markets in Longview, Washington. [17]
Ashwood 1870 (c.) Jefferson C [18] [19]
Auburn 18611903 Baker ASite of first gold rush in eastern Oregon. [20]
Austin 18881950 Grant C [21]
Bacona 1897 Washington AFour families from Denmark immigrated at the same time and settled in the area. [22]
Ballston 18781969 Polk DPreviously known as “Ballsville”, the name of the post office was changed to Ballston in 1880. [23]
Bates 19171975 Grant ANamed after Paul Chapman Bates [24]
Bayocean 19061953 Tillamook ADestroyed by coastal erosion; In 1971, the last remaining building (a garage) fell into the ocean. [25]
Beaver Hill 18961926 Coos A [26]
Bethel 1865 Polk DThe only remaining structure is a school, now serving as a church. [27]
Black Rock 19101960 Polk AIn 1943, Black Rock was incorporated into the U.S. tree farm system.
Blaine 1882 Tillamook D James G. Blaine. Smith was appointed postmaster in 1882. [28]
Blalock 18791968 Gilliam AInundated by the John Day Dam in 1968. [29]
Blitzen 1915 (c.)1943 Harney B [30]
Bohemia City 18931922 Lane BThe mining town depended on provisions from Cottage Grove. [31]
Boston 18581899 Linn C-FPartly resected and subsumed by Shedd in 1899. [32]
Bourne 1895 Baker DOriginally named "Cracker City". [33]
Boyd 18611955 Wasco CRepurposed as farmland. [34]
Bradwood 1930June 25, 1963 Clatsop Aon June 25, 1963 the mill & entire town was sold at auction into private hands. A major fire in 1965 destroyed the mill & much of the remaining buildings, and another fire in 1984 took care of what buildings remained. [35] [36] [37]
Bridal Veil 1886 Multnomah D [38]
Brighton 19121950s Tillamook DNamed for the seaside resort of Brighton, England. It was hoped the place would become a popular vacation spot. [39]
Browntown 1853Un­known Josephine BIt was located near the mouth of Walker Gulch on Althouse Creek before being moved in 1876. The flat on which the town stood has been long since sluiced away, and no trace of the old townsite remains. [12] [40]
Buena Vista 1850 Polk D [41]
Bull Run 1893 Clackamas DOriginally named Unavilla. Site of Bull Run Hydroelectric Powerhouse. [42] [43]
Buncom 1851 Jackson C [44]
Burlington 18551857 Linn ABurlington post office was established in 1855 and ran until 1857 when it was renamed Peoria and likely moved to the other town [45]
Butteville 1840 Marion D [46] [47]
Cabell City 1880s Grant BMining encampment; also contains cemetery. [48]
Cascadia 1892 Linn COriginally a stage stop on the Santiam Wagon Road, then a summer resort also known as Cascadia Mineral Springs, Cascadia had a post office established in 1898. [49]
Castle Rock 18811968 Morrow AIn 1968 Lake Umatilla inundated the railroad bed and the adjacent highway. The railroad station was subsequently moved to a higher elevation about a mile south and renamed Castle. [50]
Champoeg 18411861 Marion C-FDestroyed by the great flood of 1862 [51]
Chapman 19051990s Columbia A-FOriginally the terminus to the Portland & Southwestern Railroad. In 2005, the Port of St. Helens donated the Chapman Landing property for a future trailhead, park, and water connection. [52] [53]
Cherryville 1884 Clackamas DRemaining cemetery designated local historic site in 2014. [54] [55]
Chitwood 1887 Lincoln D [56]
Chinatown 18641940s Baker AIn the 1970s, the last of its buildings were torn down. [57]
Clarksville 18621880s Baker A [58]
Clatsop Plains 18701910s Clatsop FClatsop Plains extended from the Skipanon River to Seaside. Eventually, Gearhart came into being and the town was subsumed by it. [59]
Clifton 1874 Clatsop D [60]
Coe 18891952 Marion BThe original townsite of Detroit (coe) was inundated in 1952 when the Corps of Engineers finished Detroit Dam on the Santiam River. [61]
Copper 19241980 Jackson ARemaining buildings demolished and/or flooded to make way for Applegate Lake. [62]
Copper 1904 Wallowa BNow part of Hells Canyon National Recreation Area [63]
Copperfield 18981927 Baker A [64]
Cornucopia 1884 Baker C [65]
Cross Hollows 18791911 Wasco BThought to be the previous name for Shaniko, August Scherneckau arrived at Cross Hollows from Germany in 1874. [10]
Danner 1863 Malheur D [66]
Dee 1906 Hood River B [67]
De Moss Springs 1887 Sherman C [68]
Divide 19001909 Lane A [69]
Dolph 1880s1960s Tillamook AIn 1916–1917, a new public road was built from the Little Nestucca road over Sourgrass Summit to join the old road, Because the new route to the coast was free, there was no longer a need to collect tolls and the town no longer had a reason to exist. [70]
Dufur 1893 Wasco E [71]
Elk City 1868 Lincoln DOriginally named Newton. [72]
Ellendale 1850 Polk D [73]
Eola 1844 Polk D [74]
Erskine 18821907 Sherman AAlso known as Millra. [68]
Eureka 1892 Baker B [75]
Eureka Bar 1903 Wallowa BAs of 2015, only foundations of buildings remain. [76]
Farmington 1845 Washington DWas known as Bridgeport for a short time.
Fleetwood 19131938 Lake A
Flora 1897 Wallowa D [67]
Fort Clatsop 1804 Clatsop C [77]
Fort Stevens 1863 Clatsop C [78]
Frankport 1850s1905 Curry A [79]
Fremont 19081922 Lake A [80]
Friend 1903 Wasco B [81]
Galena 1865 Grant C [82]
Geiser 18981910s Baker A [83]
Geneva 1910 Jefferson B [84]
Glencoe 18421910s Washington E-FIn 1910, a railroad line to Tillamook was built to the north of Glencoe with much of the community relocating one mile west to the new community of North Plains. Whole buildings were moved to the new town. [85]
Golden 1840 (c.) Josephine C-FGolden has been a Oregon State Heritage Site since 2011. [86]
Grandview 1910 (c.)1930 (c.) Jefferson B [87]
Granite 1867 Grant D [88] [89]
Grant 18801894 Sherman CAlmost completely abandoned after a flood, This site is currently privately owned. [90]
Greenback 1897 Josephine B [91]
Greenhorn 1897 Baker, Grant C [92]
Greenville 1871 Washington D [93]
Hardman 1881 Morrow D [94]
Hobsonville 1870s1940s Tillamook CBy World War II the community was largely defunct, with some portion of the Hobsonville Indian community moving to the town of Garibaldi. [95]
Horse Heaven 1933 Jefferson B [96]
Idiotville Un­known Tillamook A
Izee 1889 Grant D [97] [98]
Jawbone Flats 1931 Marion C [99]
Jennyopolis 18511860s Benton AThe first murder in Oregons history took place here, it would go on to shape the State of Oregon's legal procedures and laws. [100]
Jimtown 1904 Baker D [101]
Jonesboro 1990s Malheur A[ citation needed ]
Keasey August 5, 18901955 Columbia AThere are no remains of the original community due to the destruction of the Portland, Astoria & Pacific Railroad. [102]
Kent 1887 Sherman D [103]
Kerby 1884 (c.) Josephine E [104]
Kerry 19171940s Columbia CIt was founded to extend the Columbia & Nehalem River Railroad. [105]
Kernville 1896 Lincoln D [106]
Kings Valley 1855 Benton D [107] [108]
Kingsley 18781930s (c.) Wasco BAfter the construction of the Great Southern Railroad in 1913 & the Dalles-California Highway in 1926, these bypasses sealed the towns fate. [109]
Kinton 1894 Washington D [110]
Kinzua 19271978 Wheeler A [111]
Kirk 19201948 Klamath A [112]
Kishwalks 1930s (c.) Wasco BLikely named after Elijah Kishwalk, about 5 mi south east of Simnasho [113] [114]
Klondike 18991951 Sherman B [68]
Lamonta 18901934 Jefferson AOriginally named Desert. [115]
Latourell 1876 Multnomah D [116]
Leland 18881943 Josephine D
Lime 1899 Baker BSite of former lime cement plant. [117]
Linn City 18431861 Clackamas ALinn City was a community that existed from 1843 to 1861 and was destroyed in the Great Flood of 1862. The former site of Linn City was incorporated into the city of West Linn. [118]
Locust Grove 18951914 Sherman B [119]
Longcoy 1890s1900s Lincoln ALongcoy only existed for about ten years. Taft on the north side of Schooner Creek and Siletz Bay were better settlement locations so residents moved. [120]
Lonerock 1881 Gilliam D [121]
Luper 1850 Lane C [122]
McCoy 1879 Polk D [3]
McDonald 19041922 Sherman ASite of a former river crossing, only modern ranch buildings remain [68]
McEwen 1891 Baker D [123]
Mabel 1878 Lane C [124] [125]
Malheur City 18631911 (c.) Malheur BAll wooden structures destroyed in 1957 brushfire, leaving only stone remnants. [126]
Marysville 18491853 Benton FEventually became Corvallis on December 20, 1853 [127]
Mayville 1884 Gilliam D [128] [129]
Maxville 19231933 Wallowa ANo buildings remain. [130]
Medical Springs 1868 Union DAs of 2014, three buildings remained. [131]
Miller 1860 (c.) Sherman A [68] [132]
Millican 1913 Deschutes D [111]
Mitchell 1873 Wheeler E [133]
Narrows 1889 Harney B [134]
Nelson 1880s Baker ALocation of lime cement plant between 1979 and 1980. [135]
New Era 1876 Clackamas DAlso location of the New Era Spiritual Camp. [136]
New Pokegama 19031909 Klamath APreviously a freight & stage terminal, site located south off Green Springs Hwy. [137]
No Fog June 7, 1915Feb 28, 1918 Douglas BAlso referred to as Nofog. [138]
Nolin 1860s Umatilla DOriginally named Happy Canyon. [139]
Nonpareil 1882 Douglas D [140]
Old Pokegama 18971903 Klamath AThe Sugar Pine Logging Company operated here. Nothing remains of the logging camp and all the railroad tracks were removed in the 1910s. [141]
Orleans 18501862 Linn ASignificantly damaged in the Great Flood of 1862. [142]
Ordnance 1943 Umatilla B [143]
Orodell 18671878 Union A [144]
Ortley 19111922 Wasco A [145]
Paisley 1873 Lake E [146]
Palestine 18911903 Multnomah FEventually subsumed by Portland. [138]
Persist 1902 Jackson B [147]
Pine Grove Umatilla BThe old townsite can be found along W Birch Creek Rd, off of 395.[ citation needed ]
Pinehurst 1878 Jackson DPublic school still operating as of 2017. [148] [149]
Pittsburg 1879 Columbia D [150]
Placer 1885 Josephine D [151]
Pocahontas 1862 Baker A [152]
Pondosa 1927 Union D [153]
Rajneeshpuram 19811988 Wasco BThe Oregon Supreme Court closed its litigation in 1987, leaving Rajneeshpuram vacant, bankrupt, but legal within Oregon law. [154]
Richmond 1899 Wheeler B [155]
Riverview Umatilla A
Robinette 18981958 Baker AInundated by Brownlee Reservoir in 1958. [156]
Robinsonville 18781880s Grant A [157]
Rock Point 1852 Jackson COriginal tavern (est. 1864) restored by Del Rio Vineyards in 2001. [158] [159]
Rowland 18861905 Linn D [160]
Saint Joseph 1872 Yamhill D [161]
Sanger 1871 Baker BOriginally named Augusta; renamed Sanger in 1887. [162]
Scottsburg 1850 Douglas DPopulation significantly declined after Great Flood of 1862. [163]
Shaniko 19011911 Wasco D [164]
Shelburn 1850 (c.) Linn D [165]
Sherar's Bridge 1860 Sherman A [166]
Shevlin 1930s1950s Deschutes Klamath B
Silver Falls City 18881930s Marion A-FIt was home to approximately 200 people at its height. While none of the structures remain, a trace of this settlement can be seen at the Orchard Picnic Shelter, where the apple and pear trees date back to the Volz family homestead. [167]
Skipanon 18451903 (c.) Clatsop A-FFirst known as Lexington, eventually known as Skipanon. Nothing remains because the settlement was eventually subsumed by Warrenton. [168]
Sodhouse 1872 (c.)1878 Harney BSodhouse was a short lived community near the present-day headquarters of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge [169]
Southport 1875 (c.)1890s Coos A [170]
Snooseville Washington AAbout 8 miles north of Mountaindale, a sawmill used to stand in the town. [171]
Sparta 1872 Baker B [172]
Spicer 18861904 Linn DPreviously known as Lengs.
Stauffer 19101950s Lake AResidents originally wanted to name the post office Lost Creek. However, the United States postal system already had a post office with that name, so it was named after Charles Stauffer, who was the community's first postmaster. [85]
Sterlingville 18541957 Jackson A [173] [174]
Sumpter 1889 Baker E [175]
Susanville 1864 Grant B [176]
Tallman 18861923 Linn D
Thatcher 1895 Washington D [177]
Thomas 18981920 Linn DThe town took its name from the nearby Thomas Creek
Thornberry 19161923 Sherman A [68] [178]
Three Lynx 1920s2020s Clakamas BOn September 8, 2020, the Riverside Fire tore through the area, destroying all but five of the Three Lynx houses. The remaining buildings were removed in 2022, and the land returned to a more natural state. [179] [180]
Tiller 1902 Douglas CSold in 2018 to be converted into a resort. [181]
Valsetz 19191984 Polk A [182]
Vanport 1942May 30, 1948 Multnomah AVanport was destroyed on May 30, 1948 due to the Columbia River Flood. The city was underwater by nightfall, leaving around 18,000 of its inhabitants homeless. [183]
Waldo 18521928 Josephine A [184]
Weatherby 18791920 Baker B-FIn 1884, the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company established a Weatherby station on its line to Huntington. [85]
Wendling 18991922 Lane A [185] [186]
Westfall 1870 Malheur BOriginally named Bully. [187] [188]
West Lake City 19051918 Klamath BEliminated by irrigation and drainage projects, what was once White Lake is bisected by California State Route 161, connecting U.S. Highways 139 and 97. [189] [190]
Whitney 1900 Baker CLogging declined in the area in the 1940s, which caused the town and the railroad to fade. [191]
Yarnell 1901 Lane D
Yaquina 18871930s Lincoln ABy the beginning of World War II, Toledo was the western terminus of the rail line, and the tracks from there to Yaquina were removed. Roughly 20 years later, the former seaport's population dropped to zero. [192] [193]
Zena 1858 Polk C [194]
Zumwalt 1903 Wallowa B [195]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ According to T. Lindsay Baker, a "ghost town" can refer to either an unpopulated town or a town that, though still populated (albeit in small numbers), has seen a significant decline in population since its establishment. [4]
  2. ↑ American author Lambert Florin's preferred definition of a ghost town is simply "a shadowy semblance of a former self," [5] while historian T. Lindsey Baker defines a ghost town as simply "a town for which the reason for being no longer exists." Based on the definitions, Sherman County has the most ghost towns with 14 while Klamath County has the fewest with zero. [4]

Related Research Articles

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Whitney is an unincorporated community, also considered a ghost town, in Baker County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 7 southwest of Sumpter. It is on the North Fork Burnt River, near the Blue Mountains and Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.

Carpenterville is an unincorporated community in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It is located on the former alignment of U.S. Route 101 known as the Roosevelt Highway, about 16 miles north of Brookings. Carpenterville was the highest point on the former main coastal highway and the area is known for its views.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashwood, Oregon</span> Unincorporated community in Oregon, United States

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Austin is an unincorporated community, considered a ghost town, in Grant County, Oregon, United States. It is located north of Oregon Route 7, near the Middle Fork John Day River in the Malheur National Forest.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Susanville, Oregon</span> Ghost town in Oregon, United States

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Hamlet is an unincorporated community in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. It is located approximately six miles southeast of Necanicum, in the Northern Oregon Coast Range near the confluence of the North Fork Nehalem River and the Little North Fork Nehalem River. It is surrounded by units of the Clatsop State Forest.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaughn, Oregon</span> Human settlement in Oregon, United States

Vaughn is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Noti in the foothills of the Central Oregon Coast Range near Noti Creek. Author Ralph Friedman described Vaughn as "a mill in the meadows".

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Hobsonville is an unincorporated community in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. Although it is considered a ghost town, it is still classified as a populated place by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Hobsonville is on the east shore of Tillamook Bay, about 2 miles south of Garibaldi via U.S. Route 101 or about a mile from Garibaldi across Miami Cove.

Miller is a former community in Sherman County, Oregon, United States, established circa 1860. It was named for Thomas Jefferson Miller, a settler of the area, also for which Miller Island on the Columbia River takes its name. Miller is contemporarily considered a ghost town.

References

  1. ↑ Arndt, Steve (2015). Oregon Ghost Towns A to Z. Portland, Oregon: Stephen Arndt. ISBN   978-0-984-42949-3.
  2. 1 2 3 McBee, Ben (June 23, 2017). "The Vanished Cities". 1859 . Bend, Oregon. OCLC   489252235. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  3. 1 2 McOmie, Grant (September 5, 2015). "Grant's Getaways: Oregon's Ghost Towns". USA Today . ISSN   0734-7456. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019.
  4. 1 2 Baker 2003, p. 9.
  5. ↑ Hall 2010, p. 7.
  6. 1 2 Thomsen 2012, pp. 24–25.
  7. ↑ "Ghost Town Categories" (PDF). Ghost Town USA.
  8. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 1974, p. 6.
  9. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 2003, p. 11.
  10. 1 2 Willey, Ross (1995–1996). "Ajax, Oregon". Family Search. Archived from the original on June 2, 2024. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  11. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 1974, pp. 6–7.
  12. 1 2 Walter, Greg (August 22, 2022). "Ghost Towns of the Illinois River Valley".
  13. ↑ "Camp Alma". Veterans Legacy Oregon. October 4, 2022.
  14. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 2003, p. 24.
  15. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 1974, p. 18.
  16. ↑ Varney, Drew & Drew 2005, pp. 109–112.
  17. ↑ Miller 1977, p. 127.
  18. ↑ Weis 2006, pp. 16, 18.
  19. ↑ Florin 1971, pp. 688–690.
  20. ↑ Miller 1977, p. 69.
  21. ↑ Miller 2017, p. 15.
  22. ↑ Friedman, Ralph (1978). Tracking Down Oregon (illustrated ed.). Caxton Press. ISBN   9780870042577.
  23. ↑ "Explore Polk County" (PDF). Polk County Itemizer-Observer . May 22, 2009. p. 77C. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2009.
  24. ↑ Smith, Gregg. "Community of Bates".
  25. ↑ Wilson, Jason (April 28, 2015). "Bayocean: the American city that disappeared because man ignored nature". The Guardian . London. Archived from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  26. ↑ Miller 1977, p. 72.
  27. ↑ Florin 1992, p. 13.
  28. ↑ "City, Community, and Road Name Origins". tillamookcounty.gov.
  29. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 2003, pp. 88–89.
  30. ↑ Metzler 1986, p. 61.
  31. ↑ Romaine 2015, p. 150.
  32. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 2003, pp. 101, 865.
  33. ↑ Miller 1977, p. 73.
  34. ↑ Varney, Drew & Drew 2005, pp. 100–101.
  35. ↑ "BG278: Abandoned General Store at now gone Bradwood, Oregon – April 1981". Yesterdays Trails. June 18, 2023.
  36. ↑ "Bradwood, Clatsop County, Oregon, USA". Mindat.
  37. ↑ Webb, Patrick (April 10, 2018). "Aalberg highlights Bradwood, Wauna and Westport under the spotlight". Weekend.
  38. ↑ Boddie, Ken (September 10, 2018). "Where We Live: The ghost town that is Bridal Veil". KOIN . Portland, Oregon. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  39. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 2003, p. [ page needed ].
  40. ↑ Mackay, William (June 18, 1911). "Althouse Creek in the Early Days". Medford Sun. pp. B4.
  41. ↑ Corning 1947, p. 55.
  42. ↑ Kullgren, Ian K. (December 4, 2014). "Historic facility that powered Portland's early streetcars to reopen to public". The Oregonian . Portland, Oregon. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  43. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 1974, p. 93.
  44. ↑ Friedman 1990, pp. 248–249.
  45. ↑ Corning 1947, p. 67.
  46. ↑ Florin 1971, pp. 701–703.
  47. ↑ Florin 1992, pp. 19–21.
  48. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 1991, p. 116.
  49. ↑ McArthur & McArthur 1974, p. 137.
  50. ↑ Peck, Jerry. "History of Castle Rock & Boardman, Oregon".
  51. ↑ Florin 1992, pp. 28–29.
  52. ↑ "Crown-Z Trail History". colcomuseum.org. Columbia County Historical Society & Museum Association.
  53. ↑ "Chapman". colcomuseum.org. Columbia County Historical Society & Museum Association.
  54. ↑ Friedman 1990, p. 621.
  55. ↑ Wray, Kylie (June 11, 2014). "Historic Cherryville Cemetery receives a stone marker". Portland Tribune . Portland, Oregon. Archived from the original on December 12, 2018.
  56. ↑ Friedman 1990, p. 196.
  57. ↑ Dielman, Gary (May 18, 2023). "Baker City Chinatown". Oregon Encyclopedia.
  58. ↑ Clarksville, Or., general store account book.
  59. ↑ "The History of Seaside, Oregon". clatsop.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 1997.
  60. ↑ Friedman 1990, pp. 123–124.
  61. ↑ "Our History". detroitoregon.us. February 12, 2021.
  62. ↑ Miller, Bill (December 14, 2008). "The underwater ghost town". Mail Tribune . Medford, Oregon. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
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