The Xia dynasty is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography. According to tradition,it was established by the legendary figure Yu the Great,after Shun,the last of the Five Emperors,gave the throne to him. In traditional historiography,the Xia was succeeded by the Shang dynasty.
Hebei is a province in North China. It is China's sixth-most populous province,with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It borders Shanxi to the west,Henan to the south,Shandong and Liaoning to the east,and Inner Mongolia to the north;in addition,Hebei entirely surrounds the direct-administered municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin on land. Its population is 96% Han Chinese,3% Manchu,0.8% Hui,and 0.3% Mongol. Varieties of Chinese spoken include Jilu Mandarin,the Beijing dialect of Mandarin,and Jin Chinese.
Henan is an inland province of China. Henan is home to many heritage sites,including the ruins of Shang dynasty capital city Yin and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China,Luoyang,Anyang,Kaifeng and Zhengzhou,are in Henan.
The Yellow Emperor,also known as the Yellow Thearch or by his Chinese name Huangdi,is a mythical Chinese sovereign and culture hero included among the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors,and an individual deity (shen) or part of the Five Regions Highest Deities in Chinese folk religion. Regarded as the initiator of Han Chinese culture,he is traditionally credited with numerous innovations –including the lunar calendar,Taoism,wooden houses,boats,carts,the compass needle,"the earliest forms of writing",and cuju,a ball game. Calculated by Jesuit missionaries,as based on various Chinese chronicles,Huangdi's traditional reign dates begin in either 2698 or 2697 BC,spanning one hundred years exactly,later accepted by the twentieth-century promoters of a universal calendar starting with the Yellow Emperor.
For most of its history,China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs. Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC,and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912,Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties. Besides those established by the dominant Han ethnic group or its spiritual Huaxia predecessors,dynasties throughout Chinese history were also founded by non-Han peoples.
Weifang is a prefecture-level city in central Shandong province,People's Republic of China. The city borders Dongying to the northwest,Zibo to the west,Linyi to the southwest,Rizhao to the south,Qingdao to the east,and looks out to the Laizhou Bay to the north. Its population was 9,386,705 at the 2020 census,of whom 3,095,520 lived in the built-up area made up of four urban districts and Changle County largely being urbanized.
The Five Grains or Cereals are a set of five farmed crops that were important in ancient China. In modern Chinese wǔgǔ refers to rice,wheat,foxtail millet,proso millet and soybeans. It is also used as term for all grain crops in general.
In Japanese and Chinese historiography,the Four Great Ancient Civilizations were Egypt,Mesopotamia,India,and China,which are identified as the cradles of civilization. The concept is popularly used in Japan and China—for example in history textbooks—but not generally known in the western world.
The term Nine Provinces or Nine Regions,is used in ancient Chinese histories to refer to territorial divisions or islands during the Xia and Shang dynasties and has now come to symbolically represent China. "Province" is the word used to translate zhou (州) –since before the Tang dynasty,it was the largest Chinese territorial division. Although the current definition of the Nine Provinces can be dated to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,it was not until the Eastern Han dynasty that the Nine Provinces were treated as actual administrative regions.
The Northeast Project,which is short for the Serial Research Project on the History and Current State of the Northeast Borderland,was a five-year research project on the history and current situation of the frontiers of Northeast China which lasted from 2002 to 2007. It was launched by the Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS) and received financial support from both the Chinese government and the CASS.
Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County,known in Tibetan as Kamalog,is the easternmost county in Qinghai Province,China. It is under the administration of Haidong Region. "Hui" refers to the Chinese Muslims,whereas "Tu" refers to the ethnic group known as “Monguor”in the West and as "Tu Zu" in China. It borders the Honggu District of Gansu on the east,demarcated by the Datong River,a tributary to the Huangshui River,which eventually flows into the Yellow River.
The Historical Atlas of China is an 8-volume work published in Beijing between 1982 and 1988,edited by Tan Qixiang. It contains 304 maps and 70,000 placenames in total. The Concise Historical Atlas of China was published in 1991.
The flag of the Qing dynasty was an emblem adopted in the late 19th century (1889) featuring the Azure Dragon on a plain yellow field with the red flaming pearl in the upper left corner. It became the first national flag of China and is usually referred to as the "Yellow Dragon Flag".
The history of Zhengzhou,a city that is today the provincial capital of Henan Province,China,spans over 10,000 years from its beginnings as a Neolithic settlement to its emergence as a trading port during the final years of the Qing dynasty.
Li or Lee is a common Chinese surname,it is the 4th name listed in the famous Hundred Family Surnames. Li is one of the most common surnames in Asia,shared by 92.76 million people in China,and more than 100 million in Asia. It is the second-most common surname in China as of 2018,the second-most common surname in Hong Kong,the most common surname in Macau and the 5th most common surname in Taiwan,where it is usually romanized as "Lee". The surname is pronounced as in Cantonese,Lí (poj) in Taiwanese Hokkien,but is often spelled as "Lee" in Hong Kong,Macau,Taiwan,Thailand and many overseas Chinese communities. In Macau,it is also spelled as "Lei". In Indonesia it is commonly spelled as "Lie". The common Korean surname,"Lee",and the Vietnamese surname,"Lý",are both derived from Lee and written with the same Chinese character (李). The character also means "plum" or "plum tree".
Olga Gorodetskaya,also known as Kuo Ching-yun,is a Soviet-born Taiwan-based historian,known mostly for her research into early Chinese history and archaeology. Olga Gorodetskaya is the author of a contemporary book on Ancient Chinese history,Xia,Shang,Zhou Dynasties:from Myths to Historical Facts. The book and as a result its author are a subject of considerable controversy within the Sinological academia,especially so within the People's Republic of China.
Xia,Shang,Zhou Dynasties:From Myths to Historical Facts is a book by a Taiwanese history professor Olga Gorodetskaya. It touches upon several predominant theories regarding Ancient China's earliest dynasties,namely Xia dynasty,Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty,and tries to present archaeological evidence that those theories are in fact myths originated in early Chinese historical works,which resemble hagiographies and have little basis in reality on the ground. The book and as a result its author are a subject of considerable controversy within the Sinological academia,especially so within the People's Republic of China.
Ba-Shu culture refers to a regional culture centered around Sichuan province and Chongqing city,also encompassing parts of Yunnan,Guizhou,southwestern Shaanxi and neighboring regions which speak Southwestern Mandarin. Historically centered around the Yangtze River,it emerged as an amalgamation of the cultures of the Shu and Ba kingdoms after their conquest by the state of Qin in 316 BC.
The Pusading is a Buddhist temple located in Taihuai Town of Wutai County,Shanxi,China. The temple structure is considered the best of all temples in Mount Wutai.
The earliest human occupation of what is now China dates to the Lower Paleolithic c. 1.7 million years ago—attested by archaeological finds such as the Yuanmou Man. The Erlitou and Erligang cultures inhabiting the Yellow River valley were Bronze Age civilizations predating the historical record—which first emerges c. 1250 –c. 1200 BCE at Yinxu,during the Late Shang.
