ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders

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ICD-10 chapters
ChapterBlockTitle
I A00–B99 Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
II C00–D48 Neoplasms
III D50–D89 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
IV E00–E90 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
V F00–F99 Mental and behavioural disorders
VI G00–G99 Diseases of the nervous system
VII H00–H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa
VIII H60–H95 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
IX I00–I99 Diseases of the circulatory system
X J00–J99 Diseases of the respiratory system
XI K00–K93 Diseases of the digestive system
XII L00–L99 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
XIII M00–M99 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
XIV N00–N99 Diseases of the genitourinary system
XV O00–O99 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
XVI P00–P96 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period
XVII Q00–Q99 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities
XVIII R00–R99 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified
XIX S00–T98 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
XX V01–Y98 External causes of morbidity and mortality
XXI Z00–Z99 Factors influencing health status and contact with health services
XXII U00–U99 Codes for special purposes

This is a shortened version of fifth chapter of the ICD-10: Mental and behavioural disorders. It covers ICD codes F00 to F99. All versions of the ICD-10, including the most recent one (2019), can be browsed freely on the website of the World Health Organisation (WHO). The ICD-10 can also be downloaded in PDF-form.

Contents

The WHO has made its classification of mental disorders available in three publications. The first is Chapter V of the ICD-10, which features short summaries of mental disorders, and is intended as a quick reference point. The second is the Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (CDDG), or the "Blue Book", which is for clinical and educational use. It features longer definitions of mental disorders, along with diagnostic criteria and guidelines. The third is the Diagnostic criteria for research (DCR or DCR-10), or the "Green Book", which is intended for research purposes, and to be used in conjunction with the Blue Book. As with the rest of the ICD-10, both books can be downloaded for free from the website of the WHO.

The codes of this chapter are used by the fifth, most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5, which is the primary system for diagnosing mental disorders in the world. The ICD-10 system is used to code these disorders, and strictly seen, the ICD has always been the official system of diagnosing mental diseases in the United States. Due to the dominance of the DSM, however, not even many professionals within psychiatry realize this. [1] The DSM and the ICD form a "dual-system": the DSM is used for diagnostic criteria while the ICD-codes are used for reimbursement claims towards the health insurance companies. The CDDG (Blue Book) also contains diagnostic criteria but for the most part therapists use those in the DSM. This structure has been criticized, with people wondering why there should be two separate systems for the classification of mental disorders. It has been proposed that the ICD supersede the DSM. [2]

Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders (F00–F09)

Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10–F19)

Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20–F29)

Mood (affective) disorders (F30–F39)

Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50–F59)

Disorders of adult personality and behaviour (F60–F69)

Mental retardation (F70–F79)

Disorders of psychological development (F80–F89)

Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90–F98)

Unspecified mental disorder (F99)

See also

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Psychosis Condition of the mind that involves a loss of contact with reality

Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real. Symptoms may include false beliefs (delusions) and seeing or hearing things that others do not see or hear (hallucinations). Other symptoms may include incoherent speech and behavior that is inappropriate for the situation. There may also be sleep problems, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and difficulties carrying out daily activities. Psychosis in adolescents is a serious medical illness but is not very common.

Mood disorder Group of conditions characterised by a disturbance in mood

Mood disorder, also known as mood affective disorders, is a group of conditions where a disturbance in the person's mood is the main underlying feature. The classification is in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD).

Schizoaffective disorder is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and an unstable mood. The diagnosis is made when the person has symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder—either bipolar disorder or depression—but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia or a mood disorder individually. The main criterion for the schizoaffective disorder diagnosis is the presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks without any mood symptoms present. Schizoaffective disorder can often be misdiagnosed when the correct diagnosis may be psychotic depression, psychotic bipolar disorder, schizophreniform disorder, or schizophrenia. It is imperative for providers to accurately diagnose patients, as treatment and prognosis differs greatly for each of these diagnoses.

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The ICD-11 is the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases. It will eventually replace the ICD-10 as the global standard for coding health information and causes of death. The ICD-11 is developed and regularly updated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Its development spanned over a decade of work, involving over 300 specialists from 55 countries divided into 30 work groups, with an additional 10,000 proposals from people all over the world. Following an alpha version in May 2011 and a beta draft in May 2012, a stable version of the ICD-11 was released on 18 June 2018, and officially endorsed by all WHO members during the 72nd World Health Assembly on 25 May 2019.

Childhood schizophrenia is essentially the same in characteristics as schizophrenia that develops at a later age, but has an onset before the age of 13, and is more difficult to diagnose. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive symptoms that can include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech; negative symptoms, such as blunted affect and avolition and apathy, and a number of cognitive impairments. Differential diagnosis is problematic since several other neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism-spectrum disorder, language disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also have signs and symptoms similar to childhood-onset schizophrenia.

The diagnosis of schizophrenia, a psychotic disorder, is based on criteria in either the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Clinical assessment of schizophrenia is carried out by a mental health professional based on observed behavior, reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person. Diagnosis is usually made by a psychiatrist. Associated symptoms occur along a continuum in the population and must reach a certain severity and level of impairment before a diagnosis is made. Schizophrenia has a prevalence rate of 0.3-0.7% in the United States

Simple-type schizophrenia is a sub-type of schizophrenia included in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). It is not included in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the upcoming ICD-11. Simple-type schizophrenia is characterized by negative ("deficit") symptoms, such as avolition, apathy, anhedonia, reduced affect display, lack of initiative, lack of motivation, low activity; with absence of hallucinations or delusions of any kind.

Bouffée délirante (BD) is an acute and transient psychotic disorder. It is a uniquely French psychiatric diagnostic term with a long history in France and various French speaking nations: Caribbean, e.g. Haiti, Guadeloupe, Antilles and Francophone Africa. The term BD was originally coined and described by Valentin Magnan (1835-1916), fell into relative disuse and was later revived by Henri Ey (1900-1977).

References

  1. ↑ Reed, Geoffrey M. (2010). "Toward ICD-11: Improving the clinical utility of WHO's International Classification of mental disorders" (PDF). Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 41 (6): 457–464. doi:10.1037/a0021701. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "ICD vs. DSM". Monitor on Psychology. APA. 40 (9): 63. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019.
  3. ↑ Cochran, Susan D.; Drescher, Jack; Kismödi, Eszter; Giami, Alain; García-Moreno, Claudia; Atalla, Elham; Marais, Adele; Meloni Vieira, Elisabeth; Reed, Geoffrey M. (2014). "Proposed declassification of disease categories related to sexual orientation in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11)". Bulletin of the World Health Organization . 92 (9): 672–679. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.135541. PMC   4208576 . PMID   25378758.
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