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*Trito is a significant figure in Proto-Indo-European mythology, representing the first warrior and acting as a culture hero. He is connected to other prominent characters, such as Manu and Yemo, and is recognized as the protagonist of the myth of the warrior function, establishing the model for all later men of arms. In the legend, Trito is offered cattle as a divine gift by celestial gods, which is later stolen by a three-headed serpent named *H₂n̥gʷʰis ('serpent'). Despite initial defeat, Trito, fortified by an intoxicating drink and aided by the Sky-Father, or alternatively the Storm-God or *H₂nḗr, 'Man', together they go to a cave or a mountain, and the hero overcomes the monster and returns the recovered cattle to a priest for it to be properly sacrificed. He is now the first warrior, maintaining through his heroic deeds the cycle of mutual giving between gods and mortals. Scholars have interpreted the story of Trito either as a cosmic conflict between the heavenly hero and the earthly serpent or as an Indo-European victory over non-Indo-European people, with the monster symbolizing the aboriginal thief or usurper. Trito's character served as a model for later cattle-raiding epic myths and was seen as providing moral justification for cattle raiding. The legend of Trito is generally accepted among scholars and is recognized as an essential part of Proto-Indo-European mythology, although not to the level of Manu and Yemo.
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In historical linguistics, Weise's law describes the loss of palatal quality that some consonants undergo in specific contexts in the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). Specifically, when the palatovelar consonants *ḱ*ǵ*ǵʰ are followed by *r, they lose their palatal quality, leading to a loss in distinction between them and the plain velar consonants *k*g*gʰ. Some exceptions exist, such as when the *r is followed by *i or when the palatal form is restored by analogy with related words. Although this sound change is most prominent in the satem languages, the change probably occurred prior to the centum–satem division, based on an earlier sound change which affected the distribution of PIE *u and *r.
References
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ↑ Mallory, J.P. (October 2006). "Indo-European Warfare". Journal of Conflict Archaeology. 2 (1): 77–98. doi:10.1163/157407706778942312. S2CID 162297933.
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- ↑ *us-we is the original form, modified to *us-me in many languages under the influence of 1st. pl. *n̥s-mé. Very often when *us-we remained, the initial u- was lost; this happened at least in Germanic, Avestan and Celtic.
- 1 2 3 Fournet, Arnaud (2010). "About the Mitanni Aryan gods". Journal of Indo-European Studies. 38 (1–2): 26-27.
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- ↑ Accent location unknown.
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ↑ Sasseville, David (2020). "The Lydian Stems in -o-(d), Luwian /-(a)u-/, Lyc. -u-". Anatolian Verbal Stem Formation. pp. 180–205. doi:10.1163/9789004436299_006. ISBN 978-90-04-43629-9. S2CID 242268076.
- ↑ Puhvel, Jaan (1992). "Shaft-shedding Artemis and mind-voiding Ate: Hittite determinants of Greek etyma". Historische Sprachforschung. 105 (1): 4–8. JSTOR 40849348.
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- 1 2 Mallory & Adams (2006), p. 179
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- 1 2 Mallory, p. 25f.
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- 1 2 Mallory & Adams (2006), §9.3.
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- ↑ Blažek, Václav (2017). "Indo-European 'bear'". Historische Sprachforschung. 130: 148–192. JSTOR 26532668.
- ↑ Peeters, Christian (1973). "The word for 'dog' and the sequence *wH + consonant in Indo-european". Indogermanische Forschungen. 78 (1): 75–77. ProQuest 1305020152.
- ↑ Delgado, José Miguel Jiménez (2015). "The etymology of Myc. ku-na-ke-ta-i, Ion.-Att. κυνηγέτης, and Myc. ra-wa-ke-ta, Dor. γᾱγέτᾱς". Glotta. 91: 116–128. doi:10.13109/glot.2015.91e.1.116. JSTOR 24368212.
- ↑ Watkins, Calvert. "Proto-Indo-European: Comparison and Reconstruction". In: The Indo-European Languages. Edited by Anna Giacalone Ramat and Paolo Ramat. Routledge. 1998. p. 54. ISBN 0-415-06449-X.
- ↑ Sasseville, David and Yakubovich, Ilya. "Palaic Words for Domestic Animals and their Enclosures". In: Historical Linguistics (2018) 131:1, 48-49.
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- 1 2 3 4 Beekes, p. 37.
- ↑ Orel, Vladimir. Albanian Etymological Dictionary. Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill. p. 81.
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- ↑ Dnghu, pp. 2250-2251
- ↑ Pokorny, pp. 781-782
- ↑ Georgiev, Vladimir (1965). "Problèmes phonématiques du slave commun" (PDF). Revue des études slaves. 44 (1): 7–17. doi:10.3406/slave.1965.1882.[ permanent dead link ]
