List of Jewish ethnonyms

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An ethnonym is the name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (where the name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms or endonyms (self-designation; where the name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). This article does not cover ethnic slurs.

Contents

List

Afrikaans Jood
Albanian çifut (i/ja) (ethnic)
hebre (u/ja) (ethnic)
izraelit (i/ja)
Arabic يهوديYahūdī (sl.); يهودYahūd (pl.) بنو إسرائيلBanū Isra’ilعبريʕibrī
Armenian հրեաhrea (sing.); հրեաներ (pl.)
Basque Judu or judutar
Bengali Yeuhudi
Bulgarian Евреин, evrein (masc.); еврейка, evreika (fem.); евреи, evrei (pl.); юдеи, yudei (pl., archaic)
Bosnian Jevrej, Jevrejin, Židov, Ćifut, Ćifo/Ćifko (probably from Turkish (Çıfıt) or Kurdish (Cihû), derogatory)
Catalan Jueu (masc. sig.); jueus (masc. pl.), jueva (fem. sing.); jueves (fem. pl.)
Chinese 猶太人, Chinese, Traditional
犹太人, Chinese, Simplified, pinyin: Yóutài Rén
Cornish Yedhoweth
Croatian Židov
Czech Žid (as a member of nation) or žid (as a confessor of Judaism)
Danish Jøde (sing.); Jøder (pl.)
Dutch Jood
English Jews , see Jew (word) 1
Hebrews 2
Israelites or Children of Israel 3
Esperanto judo. [1] L.L. Zamenhof described himself as hebreo.
Estonian Juut
Finnish Juutalainen
French Juif (masc.); Juive (fem.), old formal term israélite (as in the Crémieux Decree)
Galego Xudeu (masc. sing.); Xudía (fem. sing.); Xudeus (masc. pl.); Xudías (fem. pl.)
Georgian ებრაელი, Ebraeli
German Jude (masc.); Jüdin (fem.); Juden (pl.)
Greek Ἰουδαῖος, Ioudaios 1
Ἑβραῖος, Hebraios (from Evrei) 2
Ἰσραηλίτης, Israelites (from Israel) 3
Hebrew יהודי, Yehudi (sl.m); יהודיה, Yehudia (sl.f);יהודים, Yehudim/Yehudioth (pl.) 1
עברי, Ivri (sl.m); עבריה, Ivria (sl.f); עברים, Ivrim/Ivrioth 2
בני ישׂראל, Bnei Yisrael (pl.) 3
Hindi यहूदीYahūdī
Hungarian zsidó
Icelandic gyðingur (sl.)
Indonesian/Malay Yahudi, Banī Israel
Irish Giúdach
Italian Giudeo (masc. sing.); giudei (masc. pl.). This word has mostly a pejorative connotation, "ebreo" is nowadays preferred; [2]
Ebreo (masc. sing.); ebrei (masc. pl.); ebrea (fem. sing.); ebree (fem. pl.)
Japanese ユダヤ人, Yudayajin
Korean 유태인, Yutae-in
Kurdish Cihû, Mûsayî/مووسایی, Cûleke/جوله که
Ladino djudio, Judio (singular)
los ebreos (the Jews)
Latin Iudaeus 1
Latvian Ebrejs (masc. sg.), ebrejiete (fem. sg.), ebreji (masc. pl.), ebrejietes (fem. pl). The terms žīds (masc. sg.), žīdiete (fem. sg.), žīdi (masc. pl.) and žīdietes (fem. pl.) were also used alongside up until World War II as a neutral ethnonym. However, post-World War II mainly due to it being used in the Nazi propaganda and the influence of Russian, the term has become to be traditionally considered derogatory.
Lithuanian Žydas (sg.), žydai (pl.)
Luganda Abayudaya (from "people of Judah") [3]
Norwegian Jøde
Ojibwe Zhoodawi (from the French: judéité) or Joowiwi (from the English: Jew)
Persian جهود or يهود -- Johud (Persian) or Yahūd (from Middle Persian Yahūt)
کلیمی, Kalimi (religious) a follower of Kalim Allah, also a euphemism for Johud.
Polish Żyd (sg.), Żydzi (pl. neutral), Żydowie (pl. respectful), Żydy (pl. contemptuous) [4] ; żyd (sg.), żydzi (pl. neutral), żydowie (pl. respectful), żydy (pl. contemptuous) — as a confessors of Judaism
Portuguese Judeu; judeus (masc. pl.); judia; judias (fem. pl.). Also hebreus and israelitas (both masc. pl.)
Romanian Evreu, israelit, jidov (archaic), ovrei (archaic and demeaning), jidan (highly pejorative)
Russian Еврей, Yevrey (sg.); Евреи, Yevrei 2 (pl.): Typically denotes the ethnicity; жид, zhid (masc. sing, pejorative), жидовка, zhidovka (fem. sing., pejorative); Russian language being rich in inflection, there is a large number of pejorative forms derived from the two basic ones.
Иудей, Iudey (sg.); Иудеи, Iudei 1 (pl.): Typically denotes the followers of Judaism.
Scottish Gaelic Iùdach (sing. nom.) Iùdaich (pl. nom.) [5]
Serbian ЈеврејJevrej
Slovak Žid
Spanish Judío (m. sing) Judía (f. sing) Judíos (plu) Judías (f. plu)
Hebreo (m. sing) Hebrea (f. sing) Hebreos (plu) Hebreas (f. plu)
Israelita (sing) Israelitas (plu) as in "Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina".
Swahili Yahudi
Swedish Jude
Tagalog Hudyo, Israelita (both derived from Spanish)
Thai คนยิว, khon yiu (from the English: Jew)
Tibetan Yahutapa
Ukrainian Жид (sl.); Жиди (pl.)
Urdu یہودیYahūdī (sl.); یہودYahūd (pl.)
Vietnamese người Do Thái
Turkish Yahudi, Çıfıt (religious, and ethnic) something related to, or a follower of Judaism, latter usually considered pejorative.
Musevi, (religious) a follower of Moses, also a euphemism for Yahudi.
İbrani, (ethnic) Hebrews.
Welsh Iddewon
Yiddish איד,ייִד Yid 1 (pronounced [ˈjɪd] ) (sing.); ייִדן, Yidn (pronounced [ˈjɪdn̩]) (pl.)

Obsolete

Jews were often called (and occasionally called themselves) Palestinians, but after the emergence of Arab Palestinian nationalism and the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the term "Palestinians" came to be used almost exclusively for Palestinian Arabs. (See Definitions of Palestinian)[ citation needed ]

See also

Footnotes

References

  1. ↑ "judo". Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto 2020 (in Esperanto). Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda. 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  2. ↑ "giudeo - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference". www.wordreference.com.
  3. ↑ "Pomerance, Rachel. "Uganda's Jews finally have their day at the Mikvah". Archived from the original on 2002-08-16. Retrieved 2006-01-25.
  4. ↑ Anna Wierzbicka, The Semantics of Grammar, ISBN   9027230196, 1988, p. 456
  5. ↑ Haldane, Robert (1849). The righteousness of God = Fireantachd Dh: air a tional o mhineachadh air an Litir a chum nan Romanach. Edinburgh: Scottish Tract Society.
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