List of fascist movements by country G–M

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A list of political parties, organizations, and movements adhering to various forms of fascist ideology, part of the list of fascist movements by country.

Fascist movements, sorted by country

Overview A-F G-M N-T U-Z

LogoName of movementCountry of predominant operationCame to power?Founded post-World War II?Active?General influenceFlagNotes
Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists GermanyNoYes (1977)NoNazism Flag of the Action Front of National Socialists-National Activists.svg
Flag of ANS-NA.svg
Banned in 1983
Artgemeinschaft GermanyNoYes (1951)Yes Esoteric Nazism
Black Front logo.svg Black Front GermanyNoNo (1930)No Strasserism Black Front flag.svg Banned in 1933
Deutsche Heidnische Front GermanyNoYes (1998)NoNeo-Nazism Flag of Deutsche Heidnische Front.svg
German Reich Party GermanyNoYes (1950)NoNeo-Nazism
Free German Workers' Party [1] GermanyNoYes (1977)NoNeo-Nazism/Strasserism Free German Workers Party flag.svg
Flag of Free German Workers' Party.svg
Split in the late 1980s
German Alternative GermanyNoYes (1989)No Neo-Nazism
German Social Union GermanyNoYes (1956)NoStrasserism
Deutsche Arbeiter Partei.svg German Workers' Party GermanyNoNo (1919)No Völkism Succeeded by the National Socialist German Workers' Party
Totenkopf.svg Military-sports-group Hoffmann GermanyYesYes (1973)No Neo-Nazism Fascist terrorist gang
NSDAP-Logo.svg National Socialist German Workers' Party GermanyYesNo (1920)NoNazism Flag of the NSDAP (1920-1945).svg Succeeded by the Socialist Reich Party (de facto)
Nationalist Front [2] GermanyNoYes (1985)No Strasserism Banned in 1992.
National Offensive GermanyNoYes (1990)NoNeo-NazismBanned in 1992.
Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD), logo 2013.svg National Democratic Party of Germany GermanyNoYesYesNeo-Nazism Flag of the National Democratic Party of Germany.svg
Flag of National Democratic Party of Germany.svg
The Immortals GermanyNoYesNoNeo-Nazism
An oak wreath on logo of the German party "The Third Path" - Parteilogo "Der III. Weg.svg The III. Path GermanyNoYes (2013)YesNeo-Nazism Flag of The III. Path.svg
Die Rechte Parteilogo.svg The Right GermanyNoYes (2012)YesNeo-Nazism Flag of The Right (Germany).svg
Flag of The Right (Germany, alternative).svg
SRP logo.svg Socialist Reich Party GermanyNoYes (1949)NoNeo-Nazism Flag of Socialist Reich Party.svg Fragmented from German Empire Party; banned 1952
Wiking-Jugend GermanyNoYes (1952)NoNeo-Nazism Flag with Odal rune.svg
HIAG logo.svg HIAG West Germany NoYes (1951)NoNeo-NazismFragmented from German Empire Party; banned 1952
Front Line GreeceNoYes (1999)NoMetaxism
General Popular Radical Union GreeceYesNo (1932)Noindependent, Italian fascismLed by Georgios Kondylis
Meandros.svg Golden Dawn GreeceNoYes (1980)YesMetaxism, [3] [4] [5] Neo-Nazism Meandros flag.svg
Greek National Socialist Party [6] GreeceNoNo (1932)NoNazism Greek National Socialist party flag.png Founded by George S. Mercouris
Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation GreeceNoNo (1941)NoNazism
National Party – Greeks GreeceNoYes (2020)de facto bannedNeo-fascismSplit from Golden Dawn
National Political Union GreeceNoYes (1984)NoMetaxismFounded by Georgios Papadopoulos
National Popular Consciousness GreeceNoYes (2019)NoMetaxism, Neo-Nazism Flag of the National Popular Consciousness.svg Split from Golden Dawn
National Reform Party GreeceNoNo (1935)NoItalian fascism
National Union of Greece (EEE) eagle, early version.svg National Union of Greece [7] GreeceNoNo (1927)Noindependent Flag of National Union of Greece.svg
Logo of Freethinkers' Party.svg Party of Free Opinion [8] GreeceNo (its leader did)No (1922)No Metaxism Flag of Freethinkers' Party.svg The political party led by Greek dictator Ioannis Metaxas
Spartans GreeceNoYes (2017)YesNeo-fascismNational Party merged into them
National Unity Party HaitiYesYes (1957)NoTropical fascism Flag of Haiti (1964-1986, civil).svg Founded by François Duvalier
Emblem of the Arrow Cross Party.svg Arrow Cross Party HungaryYesNo (1935)NoHungarist Flag of the Hungarist Movement.svg Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1937 to 1942.svg Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1942 to 1945.svg Founded as “Party of National Will”
Christian National Socialist Front HungaryNoNo (1937)NoNazism
Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party HungaryNoNo (1932)NoNazism Flag of the Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party (1932-1933).svg
Emblem of the Hungarian National Defence Association (MOVE).svg Hungarian National Defence Association [6] HungaryNoNo (1919)Noindependent/Italian FascismAlso known as Szeged Fascists
Hungarian National Front HungaryNoYes (1989)NoNeo-Nazism Flag of the Hungarian National Front.svg
Hungarian National Socialist Party [6] HungaryNoNo (1920s–1930s)Noindependent/Nazism Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1937 to 1942.svg Name used by several groups
National Front HungaryNoNo (1936)NoNazism
Pax Hungarica Movement HungaryNoYes (2008)NoNeo-Nazism Flag of the Pax Hungarica Movement.svg
United Hungarian National Socialist Party HungaryNoNo (1932)NoNazism
Party of National Unity Hungary logo.svg Unity Party HungaryYesNo (2008)No Szeged Idea Flag of Party of National Unity Hungary.svg
Nationalist Party [9] IcelandNoNo (1934)Nolight Fascism Flag of the Nationalist Party (Iceland).svg
Aria Party [10] IranNoYes (1946)Noindependent
Azure Party IranNoNo (1942)NoFascism, Nazism
HezbMellatIran.png Nation Party of Iran IranNoYes (1951)Yesindependent Flag of Pan-Iranist-Party.svg
Flag of Pan-Iranist-Party alt.svg
Pan-Iranist Party IranNoNo (1941)YesIndependent
Sumka IranNoYes (1952)YesNazism Flag of SUMKA.svg Founded by Dr. Davud Monshizadeh in December 6, 1941 (unofficially) or October 13, 1952 (officially)
Logo of Rastakhiz Party.svg Resurgence Party IranYesYes (1975)NoFascism [11] [12] Flag of Iran (1964-1980).svg
Al-Muthanna Club IraqNoNo (1935)NoNazismFounded by former Iraqi cabinet minister Saib Shawkat
Ailtiri na hAiseirghe Emblem.svg Ailtirí na hAiséirghe ("Architects of the Resurrection") [13] IrelandNoNo (1942)NoFascism, Irish nationalismFounded by Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin
Córas na Poblachta ("Republican System")IrelandNoNo (1940)NoFascism, Irish nationalism
National Socialist Irish Workers Party IrelandNoYes (1968)NoNeo-NazismDissolved in late 1980s
National Corporate Party IrelandNoNo (1934)NoClerical FascismMember of the Fascist International
Blueshirts logo.png Army Comrades Association IrelandNoNo (1932)NoFascism, Irish nationalism Founded by Eoin O'Duffy, better known as the Blueshirts
Brit HaBirionim Israel (then the British Mandate of Palestine)NoNo (1930)NoItalian Fascism, Revisionist Maximalism Founded by of Dr. Abba Ahimeir, Uri Zvi Greenberg and Dr. Joshua Yeivin.
Kach/Kahane Chai IsraelNoYes (1971)No Kahanism, Halachic state, Zionism Flag of Kach and Kahane Chai.svg Founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane, banned in 1994.
Logo of the Lehi movement.svg Lehi [14] [15] [16] [17] Israel (then the British Mandate of Palestine)NoNo (1940)NoFascism, [14] [15] [17] [18] Revisionist Zionism, National Bolshevism [19]
Patrol 36 IsraelNoYes (2005)NoNeo-Nazism, Antisemitism
Armed Revolutionary Nuclei ItalyNoYes (1977)NoItalian Fascism Flag of Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari.svg Terrorist organization
CasaPound ItalyNoYes (2003)YesItalian Fascism Flag of CasaPound.svg Founded by Gianluca Iannone
Fascism and Freedom Movement ItalyNoYes (1991)YesItalian FascismFounded by Giorgio Pisanò
Fasci Italiani di Combattimento ItalyNoNo (1919)NoItalian FascismSucceeded by PNF
Forza Nuova.svg Forza Nuova ItalyNoYesYesItalian Fascism
Flag of New Force.svg
Flag of New Force (Italy, alternative).svg
Fronte Sociale Nazionale ItalyNoYes (1997)YesItalian FascismBroke from Tricolour Flame; member of Alternativa Sociale
Movimento Sociale Italiano Logo.svg Italian Social Movement ItalyNoYes (1946)NoItalian Fascism Flag of Italian Social Movement.svg MSI
National Fascist Party logo.svg National Fascist Party (PNF)ItalyYesNo (1921)NoItalian Fascism Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF).svg Disbanded 1943; succeeded by PFR
National Vanguard (PNF)ItalyYesYes (1960)NoNeo-Nazism Flag of National Vanguard.svg Took part in Golpe Borghese
Labrys-symbol.svg Ordine Nuovo ItalyNoYes (1956)NoItalian Fascism Flag of Ordine Nuovo.svg Terrorist organization
Ordine Nero ItalyNoYes (1974)NoItalian FascismTerrorist organization
Republican Fascist Party (PFR)Italy (RSI)YesNo (1943)NoItalian FascismDisbanded 1945; succeeded by MSI
Terza Posizione ItalyNoYes (1979)NoIndependentDisbanded 1980
Tricolour Flame ItalyNoYes (1995)YesItalian FascismSplinter group of MSI
National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party JapanNoYesYesNeo-Nazism
Taisei Yokusankai.svg Imperial Aid Association JapanYesNo (1940)NoJapanese imperialism, Japanese militarism, Japanese ultranationalism, National conservatism, Pan-AsianismDissolved in 1945
Tohokai ("Eastern Society")JapanNoNo (1936)NoJapanese fascismIn October 1940 it briefly merged into the Imperial Rule Assistance Association which it later broke away from in 1941, banned after the war.
Korean National Youth Association KoreaNoYes (1946)NoFascism
Perkonkrusts logo.svg Pērkonkrusts [9] LatviaNoNo (1932)YesIndependent Perkonkrusta karogs.svg Banned after 1944; reformed after the resumption of Latvian independence
German National Movement in Liechtenstein LiechtensteinNoNo (1938)NoNazism
Liechtensteiner Heimatdienst logo.svg Liechtenstein Homeland Service LiechtensteinNoNo (1933)No Corporate statism, Nazism (later) [20]
Kataeb Party logo.svg Kataeb Party LebanonYesNo (1936)YesFalangism (former) Flag of Kataeb Party.svg Moved to centre-right, Christian Democracy
Kokumin Dōmei JapanNoNo (1932)NoJapanese fascismDissolved on 26 July 1940, merged into the Imperial Rule Assistance Association
Kuomintang-Nanjing ChinaYesNo (1939)NoFascismEstablished by Chinese Collaborators in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War; dissolved in 16 August 1945.
Lithuanian Nationalist Union LithuaniaYesNo (1924)NoFascist corporatism, Clerical fascism Flag of Lithuanian National Union.svg
Iron Wolves [6] LithuaniaYesNo (1927)NoClerical fascismMovement within the Clerical Party
Union of Christian Socialist Workers of the Memel Region Memel Territory (today Lithuania)YesNo (1927)NoNazismBanned
Insigne imperii Europaeae.svg Imperium Europa Malta NoYes (2000)YesNeo-fascism
Concordia Association Manchukuo YesNo (1931)NoFascism, Manchurian nationalism Flag of Concordia Association.svg
Flag of Concordia Association (Manchu Script).svg
Russian Fascist Organization ManchukuoNoNo (1925)NoItalian Fascism, Russian nationalism Within the Russian emigrants
Vserossiiskaia fashistskaia partiia.svg Russian Fascist Party ManchukuoNoNo (1931)NoItalian Fascism, Russian nationalism Flag of Russian Fascist Party.svg Within the Russian emigrants
Gold Shirts [6] MexicoNoNo (1933)NoFascismBanned after Mexico joined the Allies in 1942
Mexican Fascist Party MexicoNoNo (1923)NoItalian Fascism
Logo Frente Nacionalista de Mexico.png Nationalist Front of Mexico MexicoNoYes (2006)YesNeo-fascism Flag of the Organization for National Will.svg
Partido Nacional-Socialista de MéxicoMexicoNoYesYesNeo-Nazism
Tsagaan Khas MongoliaNoYes (1984)YesNeo-Nazism, Sinophobia, Resource nationalism
Flag of Dayar Mongol.svg

Overview A-F G-M N-T U-Z

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fascism</span> Far-right, authoritarian ultranationalistic political ideology

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, egalitarianism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism, fascism is placed on the far-right wing within the traditional left–right spectrum.

Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration sentiment, sometimes with economic liberal issues, as well as opposition to social democracy, parliamentarianism, Marxism, capitalism, communism, and socialism. As with classical fascism, it occasionally proposes a Third Position as an alternative to market capitalism.

Political Soldier is a political concept associated with the Third Position. It played a leading role in Britain's National Front from the late 1970s onwards under young radicals Nick Griffin, Patrick Harrington and Derek Holland of the Official National Front. The term was used to indicate an almost fanatical devotion to the cause of nationalism, which its supporters felt was needed to bring about a revolutionary change in society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strasserism</span> Economic strand of Nazism

Strasserism is an ideological strand of Nazism which adheres to revolutionary nationalism and to economic antisemitism, which conditions are to be achieved with radical, mass-action and worker-based politics that are more aggressive than the politics of the Hitlerite leaders of the Nazi Party. Named after brothers Gregor and Otto Strasser, the ideology of Strasserism is a type of Third Position, right-wing politics in opposition to Communism and to Hitlerite Nazism.

Column 88 was a neo-Nazi paramilitary organisation based in the United Kingdom. It was formed in the early 1970s, and disbanded in the early 1980s. The members of Column 88 undertook military training under the supervision of a former Royal Marine Commando, and also held regular gatherings attended by neo-nazis from all over Europe. The name is code: the eighth letter of the alphabet 'HH' represents the Nazi greeting 'Heil Hitler'. Journalist Martin Walker described Column 88 as a "shadow paramilitary Nazi group".

The Third Position is a set of neo-fascist political ideologies that were first described in Western Europe following the Second World War. Developed in the context of the Cold War, it developed its name through the claim that it represented a third position between the capitalism of the Western Bloc and the communism of the Eastern Bloc.

The Nouvelle Droite, sometimes shortened to the initialism ND, is a far-right political movement which emerged in France during the late 1960s. The Nouvelle Droite is the origin of the wider European New Right (ENR). Various scholars of political science have argued that it is a form of fascism or neo-fascism, although the movement eschews these terms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giorgio Almirante</span> Italian politician (1914–1988)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republican Fascist Party</span> Italian fascist political party

The Republican Fascist Party was a political party in Italy led by Benito Mussolini during the German occupation of Central and Northern Italy and was the sole legal representative party of the Italian Social Republic. The PFR was the successor to the National Fascist Party but was more influenced by pre-1922 early radical fascism and anti-monarchism, as its members considered King Victor Emmanuel III to be a traitor after his signing of the surrender to the Allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CEDADE</span> Political party

CEDADE was a Spanish neo-Nazi group that concerned itself with co-ordinating international activity and publishing.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Free German Workers' Party</span> Neo-Nazi political party outlawed in Germany in 1995

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Fascist Party</span> Italian fascist political party founded by Benito Mussolini

The National Fascist Party was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome until the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism. It was succeeded, in the territories under the control of the Italian Social Republic, by the Republican Fascist Party, and ultimately dissolved at the end of World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-Fascist Action</span> British anti-fascist organisation

Anti-Fascist Action (AFA) was a militant anti-fascist organisation, founded in the UK in 1985 by a wide range of anti-racist and anti-fascist organisations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</span> German neo-Nazi organization

The Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit (VSBD/PdA) or People's Socialist Movement of Germany/Labour Party was a German neo-Nazi organization led by Friedhelm Busse.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corporatism</span> Political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups

Corporatism is a political system of interest representation and policymaking whereby corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, come together on and negotiate contracts or policy on the basis of their common interests. The term is derived from the Latin corpus, or "body".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Social Movement</span> Italian neo-fascist party

The Italian Social Movement was a neo-fascist political party in Italy. A far-right party, it presented itself until the 1990s as the defender of Italian fascism's legacy, and later moved towards national conservatism. In 1972, the Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity was merged into the MSI and the party's official name was changed to Italian Social Movement – National Right.

Proto-fascism refers to the direct predecessor ideologies and cultural movements that influenced and formed the basis of fascism. A prominent proto-fascist figure is Gabriele D'Annunzio, the Italian nationalist whose politics influenced Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Proto-fascist political movements include the Italian Nationalist Association, the German National Association of Commercial Employees and the German National People's Party.

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References

  1. C. T. Husbands, 'Militant Neo-Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1990s' in L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan, The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe, 1995, p. 329
  2. C.T. Husbands, 'Militant Neo-Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1980', L. Cheles, R. Ferguson & M. Vaughan (eds.), Neo-Fascism in Europe, London: Longman, 1991, p. 99
  3. "Frequently Asked Questions". Golden Dawn. Archived from the original on April 16, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  4. "10 Overlooked political ideologies". Archived from the original on November 9, 2014.
  5. "Golden Dawn Recruiting Schoolchildren". February 27, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism 1914–1945, London, Routledge, 2001, p. 342
  7. Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2002. Pp. 279.
  8. Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2002. Pp. 276.
  9. 1 2 S. U. Larsen, B. Hagtvet & J. P. Myklebust, Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism, Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1980. ISBN   82-00-05331-8
  10. Haddad Adel, Gholamali; Elmi, Mohammad Jafar; Taromi-Rad, Hassan (August 31, 2012). Political Parties: Selected Entries from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. EWI Press. p. 11. ISBN   9781908433022.
  11. Gholam Reza Afkhami (2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. pp. 434–444. ISBN   978-0-520-25328-5. The conception of the party, a hybrid of the Italian and Spanish schools of fascism, met with widespread opposition and was withdrawn once the queen sided with its opponents. But then fascism yielded to communism. The organization became principle democratic centralism, though the term was not mentioned.
  12. Yom, Sean (2015). From Resilience to Revolution: How Foreign Interventions Destabilize the Middle East. Columbia University Press. pp. 142–143. ISBN   9780231540278.
  13. R. M. Douglas, Architects of the Resurrection: Ailtirí na hAiséirghe and the Fascist 'New Order' in Ireland, Manchester University Press, 2009. ISBN   0-7190-7998-5
  14. 1 2 Sasson Sofer. Zionism and the Foundations of Israeli Diplomacy. Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. 253-254.
  15. 1 2 Perliger and Weinberg, 2003, p. 108.
  16. Heller, 1995, p. 86.
  17. 1 2 David Yisraeli, The Palestine Problem in German Politics, 1889–1945, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 1974.
  18. Joseph Heller 1995, p. 86.
  19. Robert S. Wistrich, David Ohana. The Shaping of Israeli Identity: Myth, Memory, and Trauma, Issue 3. London, England, UK; Portland, Oregon, USA: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1995. Pp. 88.
  20. "Liechtensteiner Heimatdienst". e-archiv.li (in German). Liechtenstein National Archives. Retrieved February 22, 2014.