 The insignia of the Hirden | |
 Vidkun Quisling and Oliver Møystad inspecting Rikshirden. | |
| Organization overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1940 |
| Dissolved | 1945 |
| Type | Paramilitary |
| Jurisdiction | German-occupied Norway |
| Headquarters | Hirdens hus, Oslo |
| Parent organization | Nasjonal Samling |
Hirden [1] (the hird ) was a uniformed paramilitary organisation during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, modelled the same way as the German Sturmabteilungen. [2]
Vidkun Quisling's fascist party Nasjonal Samling frequently used words and symbols from the old Norse Viking era. During the Second World War, membership was compulsory for all Nasjonal Samling members. In total, about 8,500 Norwegians were members of Hirden during the war. The organisation was dissolved after the liberation, and many of its former members were prosecuted and convicted for treason and collaboration.
During the German occupation Hirden got a more military slant. The intention was that it should form the nucleus of a future Norwegian Nazi army, and a "hirdmarine" (Hirden navy) [3] and a "Hirdens flykorps"(Hirden's air force corps) [4] were created in 1942 in addition to the real Hirden, Rikshirden. However, many Hirden members volunteered to Norwegian military units in the war on Nazi German side or served as guards in the various prison camps. Hirden had a broad mandate to conduct operations against dissidents, independent of all police authorities, many of which included the use of violence. [5]
A 2014 Dagsavisen article said that "8 of 10" prisoners "died in the prison camps where Hirden performed guard duty under the leadership of SS". [6]
| Insignia | Flag | Name | Period | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Rikshirden (transl. National Hirden or Hirden of the realm) | 1933–1945 | Rikshirden is the most important Hirden organisation and usually the one referred to by just "Hirden". Rikshirdenwas responsible for ensuring the security of NS party members and Quisling regime officials. |
 |  | Hirdvaktbataljonen (transl. Hirden Guard Battalion) | 1942–1943 | Shortlived Hirden branch which primarily served guard duty at prison lairs, including foreign prisons. After the branch was dissolved, many of the members joined SS-vaktbatalijon (SS Guard battalion). |
 | | Førergarde (transl. Leader guard) | 1942–1945 | The personal guards of the party leader (fører); Vidkun Quisling. The guard was made up of 150 handpicked voluntary recruits. They served much the same purpose as the former Royal Guards. |
 | | Hirdens Flykorps (transl. Hirden Air Force Corps) | 1942–1945 | Hirdens Flykorps was meant to form the basis for a future Norwegian air force. Most members eventually joined the German Luftwaffe. The fleet was rather basic, only featuring some primary glider aircraft. |
 |  | Hirdmarinen (transl. Hirden Navy) | 1942–1945 | Hirdmarinen was meant to form the basis for a future Norwegian navy. Most members eventually joined the German Kriegsmarine. The fleet was small, featuring only a couple small sailboats. |
| | | Hirdens Alarmenheter (transl. Hirdens Alarm Units) | 1943–1945 | Operated guard duty and helped Statspolitiet as part of the "armed forces of the realm". |
| | | Hirdens Bedriftsvern (transl. Hirdens Corporate Protection) | 1943–1945 | Armed forces supposed to protect industry and state institutions against sabotage. |
| | | Hirdbataljonen (transl. Hirden Battalion) | 1945 | Military mobilization of NS members. |
| Insignia | Flag | Name | Period | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Kvinnehirden (transl. Womens Hirden) | 1934–1945 | Kvinnehirden was a branch of the NS Kvinneorganisajonen (transl. NS Womens Organisation). Despite being named a Hird, they were not officially part of the proper Hirden and did not serve any military function and instead provided Sanitation, therefore their flags and emblems lacked the swords in the sun cross. |
 |  | Germanic SS Norway | 1941–1945 | Originally called Norges SS (Norways SS). GSSN was formally a subdivision of the Hirden, but very controversial within the NS party due to its close ties to Germany as a de facto branch of Allgemeine SS. |
| Insignia | Flag | Name | Period | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Unghirden (transl. Youth Hirden) | 1934–1945 | Branch of NS Ungdomsfylking (transl. NS Youth League), intended for boys between 14–18. It was largely modeled after the German Hitler Youth. |
 | | Guttehirden (transl. Boys Hirden) | 1934–1945 | Branch of NS Youth League, intended for boys between 10–15. |
 |  | Jentehirden / Gjentehirden (transl. Girls Hirden) | 1934–1945 | Branch of NS Youth League, intended for girls between 15–21. |
 | | Småhirden (transl. Small Hirden) | 1934–1945 | Branch of NS Youth League, intended for girls between 9–15. |
| Insignia | Rank | Translation | Comparative rank in the Wehrmacht |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hirdfører | |||
| Overste hirdsjef | Senior hird chief | ||
| Regimentsfører | Regimental commander | ||
| Nestregimentsfører | Second regimental commander | ||
| Fylkingfører | Wedge leader | ||
| Sveitfører | District leader | ||
| Nestsveitfører | Second district leader | ||
| Troppfører | Troop commander | ||
| Underfører | |||
| Kommandersersjant | Commander sergeant | ||
| Kvartermester | Quartermaster | ||
| Overlagfører | Senior squad leader | ||
| Furer | Leader | ||
| Lagfører | Squad leader | ||
| Mannskap | |||
 | Nestlagfører | Second squad leader | |
| Speider | Scout | ||
| Nestspeider | Second scout | ||
| Hirdmann | Hird man | ||
| Source: [7] | |||
Nasjonal Samling was a Norwegian far-right political party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former minister of defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such as Johan Bernhard Hjort – who led the party's paramilitary wing (Hirden) for a short time before leaving the party in 1937 after various internal conflicts. The party celebrated its founding on 17 May, Norway's national holiday, but was founded on 13 May 1933. Nasjonal Samling was made illegal and disbanded at the end of World War II, on 8 May 1945.
Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling was a Norwegian military officer, politician and Nazi collaborator who nominally headed the government of Norway during the country's occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Ragnar Sigvald Skancke was the Norwegian Minister for Church and Educational Affairs in Vidkun Quisling's Nasjonal Samling government during World War II. Shot for treason in the legal purges following the war, he remains the last person executed in Norway.
Jonas Lie was a Norwegian councilor of state in the Nasjonal Samling government of Vidkun Quisling in 1940, then acting councilor of state 1940–1941, and Minister of Police between 1941 and 1945 in the new Quisling government. Lie was the grandson of the novelist Jonas Lie and the son of the writer Erik Lie.
Gulbrand Oscar Johan Lunde was a Norwegian chemist and politician of the Nasjonal Samling party who became a minister in the collaborationist government of Vidkun Quisling during World War II. His 1942 death was deemed accidental, although a 2012 biography of Lunde concluded that he was assassinated because his cultural views clashed with those of the government of Nazi Germany.
Kjeld Stub Irgens was a Norwegian politician during the German occupation of Norway.
Karl Alfred Nicolai Marthinsen was the Norwegian commander of Statspolitiet and Sikkerhetspolitiet in Norway during the Nazi occupation during World War II.
Albert Wiesener was a Norwegian lawyer.
Einar Olav Christiansen Dønnum was a Norwegian Nazi collaborator who was executed during the legal purge in Norway after World War II.
The Quisling regime, or Quisling government are common names used to refer to the fascist collaboration government led by Vidkun Quisling in German-occupied Norway during the Second World War. The official name of the regime from 1 February 1942 until its dissolution in May 1945 was Den nasjonale regjering. Actual executive power was retained by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen, headed by Josef Terboven.
Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie was a Norwegian jurist and Nazi collaborator. He is best known as director of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation for some time during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany.
Alf Larsen Whist was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for Nasjonal Samling.
Roald Rachlew Dysthe was a Norwegian businessperson and acquitted Nazi collaborator.
Finn Sofus Støren was a Norwegian businessperson and civil servant for Nasjonal Samling.
Finn Thrana was a Norwegian barrister and civil servant for Nasjonal Samling.
Fritt Folk was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Oslo. It was the official organ of the fascist party Nasjonal Samling, and came to prominence during the Second World War.
Maria Quisling, born Maria Vasilyevna Pasek or Pasetchnikova, was known as the wife of the Norwegian fascist politician Vidkun Quisling, but historians have doubts on whether the couple were legally married. The couple met in Kharkiv in 1923, and they were formally and informally married in September that year. For a few years, she lived in Norway and France and was often separated from Vidkun because of his work and travels. They settled permanently in Norway in 1929 where Vidkun was one of the founders of the fascist party Nasjonal Samling. During the German occupation of Norway, Vidkun led a pro-German puppet regime. Maria lived with him in the Villa Grande from 1941 to 1945 and served as hostess for social gatherings there and at the Royal Palace.
Øyvor Hansson, née Styren was a Norwegian politician for Nasjonal Samling.
The National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway was a minor extraparliamentary political party in Norway. The party was founded in 1930, and dissolved in May 1940.
Egil Kristian Holst Torkildsen was a Norwegian national socialist editor and activist.
Pål Nygaard - Forsker, senter for profesjonsstudier, HiOA (...) 8 av 10 døde i leirene hvor Hirden sto vakt under ledelse av SS.
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