| Nukumanu | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Nukumanu |
Native speakers | 700 (2003) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nuq |
| Glottolog | nuku1258 |
Nukumanu is a Polynesian language, spoken by about 700 people on Nukumanu in the eastern islands of Papua New Guinea. [2] It is one of the most endangered languages in the region. [3]
| English | Nukumanu |
|---|---|
| Coconut palm | nίu |
| Breadfruit tree | 'úlu |
| Banana | hŭki |
| Hibiscus | hau |
| Sugar cane | kólo |
| Tree | náku |
| Yams | ŭhi |
| A large red berry with no core | puáta |
| A type of fruit with a hard shell | tóno |
| A type of hardwood shrub | heníe |
| Red (colour) | má |
| Green (colour) | eúli |
| Dark (as in deep water/far away) | upála |
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan. They are spoken by about 328 million people. This makes it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers. Major Austronesian languages include Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Tagalog, Malagasy and Cebuano. According to some estimates, the family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family.
The Polynesian languages form a genealogical group of languages, itself part of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family.
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Polynesians are an ethnolinguistic group comprising closely related ethnic groups native to Polynesia, which encompasses the islands within the Polynesian Triangle in the Pacific Ocean. They trace their early prehistoric origins to Island Southeast Asia and are part of the larger Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, with an Urheimat in Taiwan. They speak the Polynesian languages, a branch of the Oceanic subfamily within the Austronesian language family. The Indigenous Māori people form the largest Polynesian population, followed by Samoans, Native Hawaiians, Tahitians, Tongans, and Cook Islands Māori.
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Andrew Kenneth Pawley, FRSNZ, FAHA, is Emeritus Professor at the School of Culture, History and Language of the College of Asia and the Pacific at the Australian National University.
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Takuu is a Polynesian language from the Ellicean group spoken on the atoll of Takuu, near Bougainville Island. It is very closely related to Nukumanu and Nukuria from Papua New Guinea and to Ontong Java and Sikaiana from Solomon Islands.
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Nuguria (Nukuria) is a Polynesian language, spoken by approximately 550 people on Nuguria in the eastern islands of Papua New Guinea. The language was taught in primary schools in Nuguria and was used for daily communications between adults and children. Nuguria is one of the eighteen small islands to the east of Papua New Guinea, which are known as the Polynesian Outliers. The Nukuria language has been concluded to be closely related to other nearby languages such as Nukumanu, Takuu, Nukuoro, and Luangiua. Research on the Nuguria Atoll and the language itself is scarce; past research demonstrated that this language was at risk of potential endangerment. The language was only then classified as at risk of endangerment because it was still used between generations and was passed on to the children. However, recent research indicates that Nukuria is now most likely an extinct language.
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Ontong Java is a Polynesian language located on the Ontong Java Atoll, in Solomon Islands. It has two dialects, Luangiua and Pelau; the name Luangiua is also commonly used to refer to the Ontong Java language as a whole.
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