Dorig language

Not to be confused with Doric Greek or Doric dialect (Scotland).

Dorig
Dōrig
Pronunciation	[ⁿdʊˈriɰ]
Native to	Vanuatu
Region	Gaua
Native speakers	300 (2012) [1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic North-Central Vanuatu North Vanuatu Torres-Banks Dorig
Language codes
ISO 639-3	wwo
Glottolog	weta1242
ELP	Dorig
Dorig is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Dorig(formerly called Wetamut) is a threatened Oceanic language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu.

The language's 300 speakers live mostly in the village of Dorig [ⁿdʊˈriɰ] , on the south coast of Gaua. Smaller speaker communities can be found in the villages of Qteon (east coast) and Qtevut (west coast).

Dorig's immediate neighbours are Koro and Mwerlap. ^[2]

Name

The name Dorig is derived from the name of the village where it is spoken.

Phonology

Dorig has 8 phonemic vowels. These include 7 short monophthongs /iɪɛaɔʊu/ and one long vowel /aː/. ^[3]

Dorig vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩	u ⟨u⟩
Near-close	ɪ ⟨ē⟩	ʊ ⟨ō⟩
Open-mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩	ɔ ⟨o⟩
Open	a ⟨a⟩, aː ⟨ā⟩

Dorig has 15 consonant phonemes. ^{[4] [5]}

Dorig consonants

	Labiovelar	Bilabial	Alveolar	Dorsal
Voiceless stop	k͡p ʷ ⟨q⟩		t ⟨t⟩	k ⟨k⟩
Prenasalized stop		ᵐb ⟨b⟩	ⁿd ⟨d⟩
Nasal	ŋ͡m ʷ ⟨m̄⟩	m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩	ŋ ⟨n̄⟩
Fricative		β ~ ɸ ⟨v⟩	s ⟨s⟩	ɣ ⟨g⟩
Rhotic			r ⟨r⟩
Lateral			l ⟨l⟩
Approximant	w ⟨w⟩

The phonotactic template for a syllable in Dorig is: /CCVC/ — e.g. /rk͡pʷa/ ‘woman’ (< *rVᵐbʷai); /ŋ͡mʷsar/ ‘poor’ (< *mʷasara); /wrɪt/ ‘octopus’ (< *ɣurita). Remarkably, the consonant clusters of these /CCVC/ syllables are not constrained by the Sonority Sequencing Principle. Historically, these /CCVC/ syllables reflect former trisyllabic, paroxytone words */CVˈCVCV/, after deletion of the two unstressed vowels: ^[6] e.g. POc. *kuRíta ‘octopus’ > *wərítə > /wrɪt/.

Grammar

The system of personal pronouns in Dorig contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes four numbers (singular, dual, trial, plural). ^[7]

Spatial reference is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is typical of Oceanic languages. ^[8]

References

1. François (2012): 88).
2. List of Banks islands languages.
3. François (2005 :445)
4. François (2022).
5. François (2010 :396)
6. François (2010 :407)
7. François (2016).
8. François (2015).

Bibliography

• François, Alexandre (2005), "Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages" (PDF), Oceanic Linguistics, 44 (2): 443–504, doi:10.1353/ol.2005.0034, S2CID   131668754
• —— (2010), "Phonotactics and the prestopped velar lateral of Hiw: Resolving the ambiguity of a complex segment" (PDF), Phonology, 27 (3): 393–434, doi:10.1017/s0952675710000205
• —— (2011), "Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence" (PDF), Journal of Historical Linguistics, 1 (2): 175–246, doi:10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra, hdl: 1885/29283 .
• —— (2012), "The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages" (PDF), International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2012 (214): 85–110, doi:10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022, S2CID   145208588
• —— (2015). "The ins and outs of up and down: Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages" (PDF). In Alexandre François; Sébastien Lacrampe; Michael Franjieh; Stefan Schnell (eds.). The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and diversity. Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia. Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics. pp. 137–195. hdl:1885/14819. ISBN   978-1-922185-23-5.
• —— (2016), "The historical morphology of personal pronouns in northern Vanuatu" (PDF), in Pozdniakov, Konstantin (ed.), Comparatisme et reconstruction : tendances actuelles, Faits de Langues, vol. 47, Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 25–60
• —— (2022). "Presentation of the Dorig language, and audio archive". Pangloss Collection . Paris: CNRS. Retrieved 28 Sep 2022.

External links

• Linguistic map of north Vanuatu, showing range of Dorig on Gaua.
• Audio recordings in Dorig language, in open access, by A. François (source: Pangloss Collection ).
• A story in Dorig, with audio recording and translation.