St. Mary's County, Maryland

Last updated

St. Mary's County
County
Rebuilt Blackistone Lighthouse View 1 Sept 09.JPG
Reconstructed Blakistone Island Light in 2009
Flag of St. Mary's County, Maryland.png
Flag
Seal of St. Mary's County, Maryland.png
Seal
Map of Maryland highlighting St. Mary's County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Maryland
Maryland in United States.svg
Maryland's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°15′08″N76°33′49″W / 38.252222222222°N 76.563611111111°W / 38.252222222222; -76.563611111111
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Maryland.svg  Maryland
FoundedJanuary 24, 1637
Named for Mary the mother of Jesus
Seat Leonardtown
Largest community California
Area
 • Total764 sq mi (1,980 km2)
 • Land357 sq mi (920 km2)
 • Water407 sq mi (1,050 km2)  53%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total113,777 Increase2.svg
 • Density318.7/sq mi (123.1/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district 5th
Website www.stmarysmd.com

St. Mary's County, established in 1637, is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 113,777. [1] Its county seat is Leonardtown. [2] The name is in honor of Mary, the mother of Jesus. [3] St. Mary's County comprises the California-Lexington Park, Maryland Metropolitan Statistical Area, which also is included in the Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. It is part of the Southern Maryland region. The county was the home to the first Maryland Colony, and the first capital of the Colony of Maryland. Settled by English Catholics, it is considered to be the birthplace of religious freedom in North America, at a time when the British colonies were settled primarily by Protestants. [4] The county is home to the Patuxent River Naval Air Station and St. Mary's College of Maryland. Traditionally, St. Mary's County has been known for its unique and historic culture of Chesapeake Bay tidewater farming, fishing, and crabbing communities. But with the advent of the military bases, growth of an extensive defense contractor presence, and the growth of St. Mary's College of Maryland, as well as increasing numbers of long-distance Washington, D.C. commuters, it has been undergoing a decades-long transformation which has seen the county's population double since 1970. [5] The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state.

Contents

History

Settlement

The settlement of Lord Baltimore's Maryland began with the arrival of passengers from England at St. Clement's Island in the Potomac River in what is now southwestern St. Mary's County on March 25, 1634, and the annual anniversary of this landing is celebrated as Maryland Day . The passengers arrived in two vessels, the Ark and the Dove that had set sail from the Isle of Wight on November 22, 1633. The county is the site of the first Catholic Mass celebrated in one of the original thirteen colonies (after they had become English colonies). Earlier dates of masses being said were during 1526–1527 at San Miguel de Gualdape. [6]

Due to the small size of the island and its lack of resources, there was no intention to make a permanent settlement on the island. Instead St. Clement's was used as a base for the settlers while scouting for a more suitable site. This was how a bluff overlooking the nearby St. Mary's River was chosen for numerous reasons, and became the site of the first permanent settlement. It would soon be named, "St. Mary's City".

St. Mary's City, Maryland is the site of the first Maryland Capitol and remained so for more than 50 years, until 1695, when the state capital was moved to Annapolis.

Today Historic St. Mary's City is a major attraction in Maryland with four museums, a reconstructed colonial village, and the reconstructed Maryland Dove settlers ship. It also has become one of the top archeological research sites in North America.

St. Mary's County was the first county established in Maryland, in 1637, probably by an order of the governor.

In 1649, Lord Baltimore, with the Maryland General Assembly, passed the Maryland Toleration Act, which provided religious freedom for any (Christian) sect and which was the first law of its kind in the New World. [7] There is a statue in St. Mary's City commemorating this event, along with extensive museums, a reconstructed Colonial town, living history actors, and a replica of the Maryland Dove.

Historic buildings

St. Mary's County has some of the oldest extant buildings in English North America. Many of these properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. [8] These buildings range through many historical periods, from the 1600s to the 1800s. There are notable buildings of the early twentieth century, as well. [8]

Memorial

The United States Colored Troops Memorial Statue is a memorial to the more than 700 African-American soldiers and sailors from St. Mary's County who served among the Union forces during the American Civil War. The memorial site includes an educational display and special celebrations are held there each year.

Politics and government

St. Mary's County Courthouse, July 2009 St Marys County Courthouse Jul 09.JPG
St. Mary's County Courthouse, July 2009

In presidential elections, St. Mary's County leans strongly toward the Republican Party. No Democrat has won the county since Jimmy Carter did so in 1976. In 2020, Donald Trump received the lowest percentage for a Republican candidate since Bob Dole in 1996.

Voter registration and party enrollment as of March 2024 [9]
Republican 31,918
Democratic 24,800
Unaffiliated17,906
Libertarian 490
Other parties 852
Total75,966
United States presidential election results for St. Mary's County, Maryland [10]
Year Republican  /  Whig Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2020 30,82655.38%23,13841.57%1,7013.06%
2016 28,66357.51%17,53435.18%3,6457.31%
2012 26,79756.03%19,71141.22%1,3162.75%
2008 24,70555.63%19,02342.84%6811.53%
2004 23,72562.57%13,77636.33%4151.09%
2000 16,85657.14%11,91240.38%7332.48%
1996 11,83549.71%9,98841.95%1,9858.34%
1992 11,48545.78%8,93135.60%4,66918.61%
1988 12,76762.92%7,43436.64%890.44%
1984 11,20163.39%6,42036.33%490.28%
1980 8,26751.49%6,77342.18%1,0166.33%
1976 5,64043.83%7,22756.17%00.00%
1972 7,68967.55%3,57131.37%1221.07%
1968 3,34836.49%3,28035.75%2,54727.76%
1964 2,87833.05%5,83166.95%00.00%
1960 3,08034.87%5,75265.13%00.00%
1956 4,33655.74%3,44344.26%00.00%
1952 4,27054.11%3,58845.47%330.42%
1948 2,24748.78%2,29349.78%661.43%
1944 2,67358.57%1,89141.43%00.00%
1940 2,30144.21%2,86054.95%440.85%
1936 2,28643.63%2,82954.00%1242.37%
1932 1,32230.74%2,88567.09%932.16%
1928 1,60934.00%3,00663.51%1182.49%
1924 1,65344.64%1,94952.63%1012.73%
1920 2,17553.13%1,86145.46%581.42%
1916 1,06440.75%1,44355.27%1043.98%
1912 1,26254.02%84336.09%2319.89%
1908 1,33354.47%1,01141.32%1034.21%
1904 1,17448.00%1,24750.98%251.02%
1900 2,08956.52%1,58442.86%230.62%
1896 2,04457.56%1,47141.42%361.01%
1892 1,69352.58%1,48246.02%451.40%
1888 1,77252.79%1,55146.20%341.01%
1884 1,77353.15%1,54046.16%230.69%
1880 1,77253.63%1,53046.31%20.06%
1876 1,54050.62%1,50249.38%00.00%
1872 1,53657.02%1,13942.28%190.71%
1868 393.19%1,18296.81%00.00%
1864 999.12%98690.88%00.00%
1860 10.07%19013.85%1,18186.08%
1856 24719.01%1,05280.99%00.00%
1852 68160.75%44039.25%00.00%
1848 78865.12%42234.88%00.00%
1844 78362.59%46837.41%00.00%
1840 89568.32%41531.68%00.00%
1836 64377.19%19022.81%00.00%

St. Mary's County is governed by county commissioners, the traditional form of county government in Maryland.

Board of commissioners

PositionNameAffiliationDistrict
 PresidentJames R. Guy Republican At-Large
 CommissionerEric Colvin Republican District 1
 CommissionerMichael L. Hewitt Republican District 2
 CommissionerMike Alderson Jr. Republican District 3
 CommissionerScott R. Ostrow Republican District 4

County executive

The county commissioners exercise such executive powers as exist in the government of the county.

Circuit court judges

Law enforcement

St. Mary's County has the oldest documented sheriff's office in Maryland and one of the oldest in the United States. [11] In 1637, James Baldridge was appointed sheriff. Since 1776, sheriffs in St. Mary's County have been determined by election. Steven A. Hall is the current sheriff. He was sworn in on December 5, 2022.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 764 square miles (1,980 km2), of which 357 square miles (920 km2) is land and 407 square miles (1,050 km2) (%) is water. [12] It is the second-largest county in Maryland by total area.

Located on the St. Mary's Peninsula, St. Mary's County is largely bordered by water: the Patuxent River (northeast), the Chesapeake Bay (east), the Potomac River (southwest), and the Wicomico River (west). Its coastline has many coves, tidal creeks, bays, and inlets. Many coastal areas are made up of mixed clay-and-sand cliffs and bluffs, which protect many parts of the county from storm surges, however, there are low-lying coastal areas with coarse sand or gravel beaches or tidal marshlands, as well. The county has a tiny exclave on the other side of the Potomac river due to the Maryland-Virginia border cutting through a beach near the little wicomico river.

The interior of much of the county is hilly to varying degrees, with forests and agricultural fields. There also are coastal plain areas, much of which are under agriculture or under new development. Residential development has been increasing steadily for decades.

The county's very extensive waters are mostly brackish, ranging from significant degrees of saltwater in tidal areas that are on or near the Chesapeake Bay, to a greater predominance of freshwater and lower-salt-concentrations in its interior tidal waterways and also further up its bordering rivers.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, the county has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa.) According to the Trewartha climate classification, the climate is Cf or oceanic (Do) depending on whether eight or seven months average above 50 °F (10 °C),) respectively. Average monthly temperatures in Leonardtown range from 36.3 °F in January to 78.1 °F in July. [13]

Adjacent counties

St. Mary's County borders Virginia, across the Potomac River. [14] St. Mary's County waters also are bordered by Virginia's territorial waters in Potomac tributary mouths on the Virginia side, [14] tidal interface zones, [14] and the Chesapeake Bay. [15] Sometimes, water rights in all of these areas are still disputed. [14] [16]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1790 15,544—
1800 13,699−11.9%
1810 12,794−6.6%
1820 12,9741.4%
1830 13,4593.7%
1840 13,224−1.7%
1850 13,6983.6%
1860 15,21311.1%
1870 14,944−1.8%
1880 16,93413.3%
1890 15,819−6.6%
1900 17,1828.6%
1910 17,030−0.9%
1920 16,112−5.4%
1930 15,189−5.7%
1940 14,626−3.7%
1950 29,11199.0%
1960 38,91533.7%
1970 48,38824.3%
1980 59,89523.8%
1990 75,97426.8%
2000 86,21113.5%
2010 105,15122.0%
2020 113,7778.2%
2023 (est.)115,281 [17] 1.3%
=U.S. Decennial Census [18]
1790-1960 [19] 1900-1990 [20]
1990-2000 [21] 2010 [22] 2020 [23]

2020 census

St. Mary's County, Maryland - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / EthnicityPop 2010 [22] Pop 2020 [23] % 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)80,40280,23376.46%70.52%
Black or African American alone (NH)14,83115,99414.10%14.06%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)3393180.32%0.28%
Asian alone (NH)2,5523,3012.43%2.90%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)64860.06%0.08%
Some Other Race alone (NH)1195330.11%0.47%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH)2,8726,7672.73%5.95%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)3,9726,5453.78%5.75%
Total105,151113,777100.00%100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 105,151 people, 37,604 households, and 27,084 families residing in the county. [24] The population density was 294.4 inhabitants per square mile (113.7/km2). There were 41,282 housing units at an average density of 115.6 per square mile (44.6/km2). [25] The racial makeup of the county was 78.6% white, 14.3% black or African American, 2.5% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.0% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.8% of the population. [24] In terms of ancestry, 17.4% were Irish, 17.3% were German, 16.0% were English, 8.8% were American, and 5.2% were Italian. [26]

Of the 37,604 households, 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.0% were non-families, and 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.18. The median age was 36.0 years. [24]

The median income for a household in the county was $80,053 and the median income for a family was $89,385. Males had a median income of $61,971 versus $46,487 for females. The per capita income for the county was $34,000. About 4.7% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. [27]

2000 census

As of 2010, there were 105,000 people in St. Mary's County, [28] up from 84,000 in the year 2000. [29] families residing in the county. The population density was 238 people per square mile (92 people/km2). There were 34,081 housing units at an average density of 36 persons/km2 (94 persons/sq mi)[ clarify ]. The racial makeup of the county was 81.57% White, 13.92% African American, 0.34% Native American, 1.80% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.61% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.00% of the population. 14.8% [29] were of American, 13.9% [29] German, 13.3% [29] English and 12.1% [29] Irish ancestry.

There were 30,642 households, out of which 25.90% [29] had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.10% [29] were married couples living together, 15.10% [29] have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 34.90% [29] were non-families. 29.40% [29] of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.90% [29] had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.90% under the age of 18, 15.70% [29] from 18 to 24, 29.50% [29] from 25 to 44, 22.20% [29] from 45 to 64, and 9.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 101.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.10 [29] males.

The median income for a household in the county was $54,706, and the median income for a family was $61,397. Males had a median income of $27,496 [29] versus $23,035 [29] for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,662. 7.20% of the population and 5.20% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 28.40% [29] are under the age of 18 and 19.10% [29] are 65 or older.

Amish and Old Order Mennonite community

Amish horse and buggy in Mechanicsville Amish parking lot Mechanicsville Maryland.jpg
Amish horse and buggy in Mechanicsville

St. Mary's County is home to an Amish community in the Mechanicsville area in the northern part of the county that consists of eight church districts and about 1,000 people. The Amish first came to the area in 1940 after some members left the Amish community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania over a conflict with schooling. The Amish in St. Mary's County maintain dairy and produce farms along with small Amish businesses. There is also an Old Order Mennonite community in the county that stretches as far south as Loveville. In recent years, increasing development has threatened the Amish community. [30]

Education

The county has three naval bases:

Transportation

Numerous state highways serve St. Mary's County, including:

Limited local buses are provided through St. Mary's Transit [32] and commuter bus service to Washington, D.C. is provided by MTA. [33] Southern Maryland Express shuttle services daily schedules to Baltimore (BWI), Dulles (IAD), and Ronald Reagan (DCA). [34]

The nearest commercial airports are Reagan National Airport in Arlington County, Virginia and Baltimore Washington International Airport in suburban Baltimore.

St. Mary's County also is served by a general aviation airport, Captain Walter Duke Regional Airport near California, Maryland

Communities

Towns

Census-designated places

The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county:

Unincorporated communities

Notable sites

Notable residents

Grammy Award-winning singer and songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter wrote a song about St. Mary's County, entitled, "Down in Mary's Land", in 1989[ citation needed ] She is known for having great affection for St. Mary's County.[ citation needed ]

An expansion pack for the 2008 video game Fallout 3, entitled Point Lookout, is set in a post-apocalyptic version of the titular State Park and its surrounding areas. [38]

See also

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St. Inigoes, sometimes called St. Inigoes Shores, is a small, rural, unincorporated farming, fishing and crabbing community at the southern end of St. Mary's County in the U.S. state of Maryland that is undergoing a transition to small residential subdevelopment plots. Its western side is bordered by a number of coves and creeks that are connected to the St. Marys River, a brackish tidal tributary, near where it feeds into the mouth of the Potomac River and close to its entry point into the Chesapeake Bay.

References

  1. ↑ "St. Mary's County, Maryland". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ↑ "St. Mary's County, Maryland - Government".
  4. ↑ Cecilius Calvert, "Instructions to the Colonists by Lord Baltimore, (1633)" in Clayton Coleman Hall, ed., Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684 (NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910), 11-23.
  5. ↑ "The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  6. ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Antonio Montesino". www.newadvent.org.
  7. ↑ Perry G. E. Miller, "Colonial Religious History," Church History, Vol. 4 No. 1 (March 1935), 45-48.
  8. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  9. ↑ "Maryland Board of Elections Voter Registration Activity Report March 2024" (PDF). Maryland Board of Elections. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  10. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  11. ↑ "St. Mary's County Sheriff's Office - St. Mary's County Sheriff's Office". www.firstsheriff.com.
  12. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 13, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  13. ↑ "PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University".
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Supreme Court Rules for Virginia in Potomac Conflict: Virginia v. Maryland, 124 S.Ct. 598," 2003 LEXIS 9192 (2003), The National Sea Grant Law Center, http://nsglc.olemiss.edu/SandBar/SandBar2/2.4supreme.htm"
  15. ↑ "Virginia-Maryland Boundary for Chesapeake Bay/Eastern Shore", Virginiaplaces.org, http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/mdboundarycbay.html
  16. ↑ "Modern Maryland-Virginia Boundary Disputes" Virginiaplaces.org, http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/mdboundarymodern.html
  17. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  18. ↑ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  19. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  22. 1 2 "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - St. Mary's County, Maryland". United States Census Bureau .
  23. 1 2 "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - St. Mary's County, Maryland". United States Census Bureau .
  24. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  25. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  26. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  27. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  28. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved August 24, 2013.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 This is incorrect. It is the data for Somerset County.
  30. ↑ "Maryland Amish". Amish America. March 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  31. ↑ "National Liberal Arts Colleges Summary: St. Mary's College of Maryland" U.S. News and World Report Best Colleges and Universities Ranking, 2014 http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/st-mary-s-college-of-maryland-163912/overall-rankings Archived February 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  32. ↑ "STS Overview". May 28, 2010. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  33. ↑ "Schedules | Maryland Transit Administration". www.mta.maryland.gov. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  34. ↑ http://www.somdexpress.com [ bare URL ][ dead link ]
  35. ↑ "A Prominent Son of Harford". The Aegis & Intelligencer . Bel Air, MD. May 20, 1898. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ↑ "JOSEPH B HAYDEN". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Louise Daniel Hutchinson Interviews". Record Unit 9558. Smithsonian Institution Archives . Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  38. ↑ Subhan, Ishraq (May 11, 2022). "This Fallout 4 mod recreates all of Fallout 3's Point Lookout DLC". PCGamesN . Retrieved March 24, 2024.

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