Wenvoe transmitting station

Last updated
Wenvoe transmitting station
Wenvoe Transmitting Station.jpg
Wenvoe mast
Vale of Glamorgan UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Wenvoe transmitting station (Vale of Glamorgan)
Mast height260.7 metres (855 ft)
Coordinates 51°27′33″N3°16′54″W / 51.459167°N 3.281667°W / 51.459167; -3.281667
Grid reference ST110742
Built1985
BBC region BBC Wales
ITV region ITV Cymru Wales
Local TV service Cardiff TV

The Wenvoe transmitting station, officially known as Arqiva Wenvoe, is the main facility for broadcasting and telecommunications for South Wales and the West Country. It is situated close to the village of Wenvoe in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, in the UK.

Contents

It comprises a 260.7-metre (855 ft) [1] [2] [3] guyed mast with antennas attached at various heights. [4] The average height above sea level is 384 metres (1,260 ft) for the television antennas. [4] [2]

It is owned and operated by Arqiva. The site serves an estimated 1.5m listeners (0.63m households) in the South West of England, and 1.3m listeners (0.54m households) in Wales.

History

The original 230 m (750 ft) mast at the site was built in 1952 by the BBC to provide 405-line VHF television to south Wales and the west of England. The station broadcast on Band I channel 5 (66.75 MHz) from 15 August 1952 using its reserve transmitters, [5] and from 20 December 1952 with its main high-power transmitters. [6] It remained on air until the closure of 405-line television in 1985.

In 1955 VHF FM radio was added to the mast, carrying the BBC's Home Service. This was followed by the addition of the Light Programme in 1956 and the Third Programme in 1959.

In 1963 a second 191 m (625 ft) mast was built alongside the existing structure. This was in order to carry the new BBC Wales 405-line TV service on Band III VHF channel 13 (214.75 MHz), and entered service on 9 February 1964. [7] The 405-line transmitter for this service was closed early, in 1983.

On 12 September 1965, a 625-line black and white television service BBC2 became available from Wenvoe on UHF. This new transmitter was capable of colour broadcasting from the start and was used for unannounced colour TV engineering test-transmissions from that point onwards. [8]

In September 1967 BBC2 officially launched a colour TV service from Wenvoe, a few months after BBC2 Crystal Palace and others had launched the UK's first colour broadcasting in July of that year.

In 1970 UHF 625-line colour television was introduced for BBC1 and ITV Wales (HTV Wales. S4C was added later when it launched in 1982.

In 1985, when 405-line TV closed, the site was re-engineered and both of the existing masts were taken down. They were replaced by a brand new mast (to be known as Wenvoe "A"), which is the structure currently in place at the site. Wenvoe "B" is a self-supporting telecommunications mast nearby. The VHF FM antennas were upgraded from the old horizontally polarised slot antennas to new mixed polarisation antennas, and the transmitter power was doubled.

The new analogue Channel 5 was launched in 1997, but this was never transmitted from Wenvoe. It was presumably thought that the 125 kW transmitter at Mendip would serve a satisfactory number of homes in Wenvoe's service area. At the time, many homes within range of Mendip already had aerials pointing at it so as to receive the English-only Channel 4 rather than the bilingual English/Welsh S4C transmitted from Wenvoe.

The mast seen in the distance from Barry Wenvoe Transmitter from Barry.jpg
The mast seen in the distance from Barry

Work began on a new temporary 217.7 m (714 ft) stayed mast (Wenvoe "C") on 14 June 2006 and it was completed in September 2006. This carried the analogue signals whilst Wenvoe "A" was to be structurally improved and extended by 23 metres (75 ft). Wenvoe "A" was fitted with a new high-power digital antenna and a full reserve antenna. New high-power digital TV transmitters were installed in the buildings, which would allow Wenvoe "A" to broadcast all six main digital TV multiplexes, as well as a seventh currently proposed by OFCOM [9] after the analogue signals were switched off in 2010.

This mechanical upgrade was completed by the summer of 2009 and Wenvoe "C" was dismantled starting in late August 2009.

Wenvoe's analogue BBC Two service was switched off on 3 March 2010 and the remaining analogue TV services were switched off on 31 March 2010. At this point, Wales had officially completed its switchover to digital TV services. [10]

BBC Radio Wales commenced broadcasting from the Wenvoe Transmitter on 6 December 2011 at 10:39. This replaced the low power VHF Transmitter on the Wenallt Hill which also carried BBC Wales VHF programme on 103.9 MHz to South East Wales up to that point.

Services listed by frequency

Analogue television

15 August 1952 - 9 February 1964

FrequencyVHFkWService
66.75  MHz 5V100 BBC Television

9 February 1964 - 12 September 1965

The second mast came into service carrying the BBC Wales service.

FrequencyVHFkWService
66.75  MHz 5V100 BBC1 West
214.75  MHz 13V200 BBC1 Wales

12 September 1965 - April 1970

The first UHF 625-line television service started from Wenvoe. This required the installation of a Band V antenna at the top of the mast, [11] replacing the 1952 Band I antenna that had originally been sited there. The new Band I antenna was brought into service on 8 December 1964, and was sited immediately below the Band V antenna and above the Band II antenna. This put it in close proximity with the fixings of the top deck of guy wires, requiring some careful engineering so as not to affect the radiation pattern adversely. [12]

FrequencyVHFUHFkWService
66.75  MHz 5V—100 BBC1 West
214.75  MHz 13V—200 BBC1 Wales
711.25  MHz —51500 BBC2 Wales†

† Monochrome initially, colour TV service started September 1967.

April 1970 - 1 November 1982

FrequencyVHFUHFkWService
66.75  MHz 5V—100 BBC1 West
214.75  MHz 13V—200 BBC1 Wales
631.25  MHz —41500 HTV Wales
655.25  MHz —44500BBC1 Wales†
711.25  MHz —51500 BBC2 Wales

† Monochrome initially, colour production at BBC One Wales started 9 July 1970.

1 November 1982 - 4 January 1983

Channel Four launched across the UK. Being in Wales, Wenvoe transmitted the S4C variant.

FrequencyVHFUHFkWService
66.75  MHz 5V—100 BBC1 West
214.75  MHz 13V—200 BBC1 Wales
631.25  MHz —41500 HTV Wales
655.25  MHz —44500BBC1 Wales
679.25  MHz —47500 S4C
711.25  MHz —51500 BBC2 Wales

4 January 1983 - 3 January 1985

The 405-line BBC1 Wales service on Band III from Wenvoe was discontinued early. [13] The off-air 405-line relays at Abergavenny, Carmarthen and Llanelli had been decommissioned the previous year. This left Llandrindod Wells (and Wenvoe's indirect off-air relay at Llanidloes) and Kilvey Hill as the last surviving 405-line BBC Wales transmitters classed as relays of Wenvoe.

405-line transmissions from Kilvey Hill and Llanidloes were due to shut in the second quarter of 1983, leaving Llandrindod Wells to continue alone until January 1985.

FrequencyVHFUHFkWService
66.75  MHz 5V—100 BBC1 West
631.25  MHz —41500 HTV Wales
655.25  MHz —44500BBC1 Wales
679.25  MHz —47500 S4C
711.25  MHz —51500 BBC2 Wales

3 January 1985 - 15 November 1998

The 405-line VHF television system was shut down across the whole UK, and until the start of digital television services, Wenvoe's TV output was 625-lines on UHF only.

FrequencyUHFkWService
631.25  MHz 41500 HTV Wales
655.25  MHz 44500 BBC1 Wales
679.25  MHz 47500 S4C
711.25  MHz 51500 BBC2 Wales

Analogue and digital television

15 November 1998 - 3 March 2010

This was the initial roll-out for digital television using the DVB-T system. The transmitter frequencies and power outputs were chosen not to interfere with the UHF TV channels, but to be received with the same aerial-group. The QAM constellations and number of carriers were changed around 2002 after the collapse of ITV Digital as the service was taken over by the Freeview consortium.

FrequencyUHFkWServiceSystem
546.000  MHz 3010 BBC (Mux 1) DVB-T
578.000  MHz 345 Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)DVB-T
625.833  MHz 40-5 SDN (Mux A)DVB-T
631.25  MHz 41500 HTV Wales PAL System I
649.833  MHz 43-5 Arqiva (Mux C)DVB-T
655.25  MHz 44500 BBC1 Wales PAL System I
673.833  MHz 46-5Arqiva (Mux D)DVB-T
679.25  MHz 47500 S4C PAL System I
705.833  MHz 50-5BBC (Mux B)DVB-T
711.25  MHz 51500 BBC2 Wales PAL System I

3 March 2010 – 31 March 2010

Analogue BBC Two Wales on channel 51 closed after 45 years of service, and HTV Wales was moved from channel 41 to that channel for what would be its final month of service.

Multiplex 1 from channel 30 was renamed BBC A and moved to channel 41+ (which had just been vacated by analogue HTV Wales). In addition to the power increase to 100 kW ERP, it was reconfigured to 64QAM and 8k carriers, which resulted in a service area similar to the old analogue transmissions but with much more bandwidth available than Multiplex 1 ever had.

For the duration of the switchover, all the channels carried on Multiplex B were duplicated on this new PSB1 multiplex.

Channel 30 was re-used for Multiplex C, freeing Multiplex C's old allocation at channel 43-

FrequencyUHFkWServiceSystem
546.000  MHz 305 Arqiva (Mux C)DVB-T
578.000  MHz 345 Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)DVB-T
625.833  MHz 40-5 SDN (Mux A)DVB-T
634.166  MHz 41+100 [14] BBC ADVB-T
655.25  MHz 44500 BBC1 Wales PAL System I
673.833  MHz 46-5Arqiva (Mux D)DVB-T
679.25  MHz 47500 S4C PAL System I
705.833  MHz 50-5BBC (Mux B)DVB-T
711.25  MHz 51500 HTV Wales PAL System I

Digital television

31 March 2010 - 27 April 2011

All remaining analogue television was shut down after 40 years of service. The pre-switchover low-power digital transmissions (apart from Arqiva A and SDN) were upgraded to full power and configured to 64QAM and 8k carriers, with frequency changes and with new names for the multiplexes:

FrequencyUHFkWOperator
546.000  MHz 3010 Arqiva A
634.166  MHz 41+100 BBC A
658.000  MHz 44100 Digital 3&4
682.000  MHz 47100BBC B†
698.000  MHz 4950Arqiva B
714.000  MHz 5110 SDN

† High-definition channels; BBC One HD, BBC HD, ITV1 HD and S4C Clirlun using DVB-T2 transmission, coded with MPEG4 100 kW ERP.

27 April 2011 - 23 January 2013

Unusually, the digital switchover at Wenvoe required a third phase to allow time for channels 42 and 45 to be cleared at Ridge Hill. At this point, Arq A and SDN were shifted fully into the group with a power increase:

FrequencyUHFkWOperator
634.166  MHz 41+100 BBC A
642.166  MHz 42+50 SDN
658.000  MHz 44100 Digital 3&4
666.000  MHz 4550 Arqiva A
682.000  MHz 47100BBC B
698.000  MHz 4950Arqiva B

23 January 2013 - 10 December 2013

As a side-effect of frequency-changes elsewhere in the region to do with clearance of the 800 MHz band for 4G mobile phone use, [15] Wenvoe's "Arqiva B" multiplex was moved from channel 49 to channel 39. [16] This was to allow channel 49 to be taken over at a future date by the Mendip transmitter.

FrequencyUHFkWOperator
618.000  MHz 3950Arqiva B
634.166  MHz 41+100BBC A
642.166  MHz 42+50SDN
658.000  MHz 44100Digital 3&4
666.000  MHz 4550Arqiva A
682.000  MHz 47100BBC B

10 December 2013 - 24 June 2020

Following changes in the 700 MHz Band on 15 May and 6 June 2019, the Arqiva COM7 multiplex is transmitted on UHF Channel 55 and the COM8 multiplex is on UHF Channel 56. These multiplexes carry additional HD services. The Local TV Multiplex is on UHF Channel 37 and commenced antenna tests around 1 December 2013.

FrequencyUHFkWOperatorSystem
602.000  MHz 3710Local TV DVB-T
618.000  MHz 3950 Arqiva BDVB-T
634.166  MHz 41+100 BBC ADVB-T
642.166  MHz 42+50 SDN DVB-T
658.000  MHz 44100 Digital 3&4 DVB-T
666.000  MHz 4550Arqiva ADVB-T
682.000  MHz 47100BBC B DVB-T2
746.000  MHz 5540.7COM7DVB-T2
754.000  MHz 5640.7COM8DVB-T2

25 June 2020 - present

Following changes in the 700 MHz Band, on 22 June 2020, the Arqiva COM8 multiplex was switched off permanently on UHF Channel 56. [17]

FrequencyUHFkWOperatorSystem
602.000  MHz 3710Local TV DVB-T
618.000  MHz 3950 Arqiva BDVB-T
634.166  MHz 41+100 BBC ADVB-T
642.166  MHz 42+50 SDN DVB-T
658.000  MHz 44100 Digital 3&4 DVB-T
666.000  MHz 4550Arqiva ADVB-T
682.000  MHz 47100BBC B DVB-T2
746.000  MHz 5540.7COM7DVB-T2

Analogue radio (VHF FM)

1956 - Winter 1981 [18]

Wenvoe used a rather erratic set of frequencies at the start, bandplan changes agreed in 1978 were brought into play in 1981.

FrequencykWService
89.95 MHz113 BBC Light Programme
92.125 MHz113 BBC Home Service (West)
94.3 MHz113 BBC Welsh Home Service
96.8 MHz113 BBC Third Programme

Present

BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4 and Classic FM broadcasts from Wenvoe are intended to be for South Wales and the West Country, though the signal reaches much further due to the high ERP and use of omni-directional antenna systems.

Radio Cymru and Radio Wales have the same radiation pattern but different effective radiated powers. Radio Wales has a lower ERP to prevent it interfering with BBC Radio Cornwall on the same frequency. There is overspill allowing stereo listening for R. Wales & R. Cymru in the West Country.

Nation Radio is broadcast at low power to ensure sufficient penetration of Cardiff, Newport and Bridgend. There is some overspill into Bristol and the West Country, though service quickly drops off after Bristol.

FrequencyERP (kW)ServiceRadiation PatternCoverage
89.9 MHz250.00 BBC Radio 2 N/A MCA Map
92.1 MHz250.00 BBC Radio 3 N/A MCA Map
94.3 MHz250.00 BBC Radio 4 N/A MCA Map
96.8 MHz250.00 BBC Radio Cymru Data MCA Map
99.5 MHz250.00 BBC Radio 1 Data MCA Map
101.7 MHz250.00 Classic FM N/A MCA Map
103.9 MHz40.00 BBC Radio Wales Data MCA Map
106.8 MHz4.54 Nation Radio Wales Data MCA Map

Digital Radio (DAB)

Digital Radio is transmitted from Wenvoe at high power and is designed to cover South Wales and the West Country.

Frequency [19] BlockkWOperator
216.920 MHz11A8.795 Sound Digital
222.064 MHz11D9.000 Digital One
225.648 MHz12B8.000 BBC National DAB
227.360 MHz12C3.820 South East Wales

See also

Related Research Articles

The Sutton Coldfield transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. In terms of population covered, it is the third most important transmitter in the UK, after Crystal Palace in London and Winter Hill near Bolton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mendip transmitting station</span> Broadcasting and telecommunications facility

The Mendip transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility on the summit of Pen Hill, part of the Mendip Hills range in Somerset, England, at 305 metres (1,001 ft) above sea level. The station is in St Cuthbert Out civil parish, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Wells. Its mast, 293 m (961 ft) high, was built in 1967 and is the tallest structure in South West England. The mast broadcasts digital television, FM analogue radio and DAB digital radio, and had broadcast analogue colour television from 1967 until 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caradon Hill transmitting station</span> Broadcasting and telecommunications facility

The Caradon Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility on Bodmin Moor in the civil parish of Linkinhorne, located on Caradon Hill, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Liskeard, and 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) south-east of Minions, the highest village in Cornwall. Built in 1961, the station includes a 237.7 metres (780 ft) guyed steel lattice mast. The mean height for the television antennas is 603 metres (1,978 ft) above sea level. The site has a smaller towers used for telecommunications and a wireless internet signal. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moel-y-Parc transmitting station</span> Telecommunications transmission site in north-east Wales, UK

The Moel-y-Parc transmitting station is situated on Moel y Parc, a hill in north-east Wales at the northern end of the Clwydian range, close to the town of Caerwys and several miles (kilometres) north-east of Denbigh. It was built in 1962/1963 by the IBA to bring 405-line VHF ITV television to North Wales and it has been on the air since 1963. Its original height of 229 metres (751 ft) made it the tallest structure in North Wales and it stands on land that is itself about 335 metres (1,099 ft) above sea level. In 1965, VHF television transmissions from the BBC commenced from the site.

The Llanddona transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated at Llanddona, near Beaumaris, on the isle of Anglesey, Wales. It comprises a 106.7 metres (350 ft) guyed mast with antennas attached at various heights. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

The Caldbeck transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated close to the village of Caldbeck, in Cumbria, England. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Preseli transmitting station</span>

The Preseli transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility on the eastern end of the Preseli Mountains, close to the villages of Crymych and Pentre Galar in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

The Oxford transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated on land 129.5 metres (425 ft) above Ordnance Datum to the north east of the city of Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England. It has a guyed steel lattice mast which is 154.4 metres (507 ft) in height to the top of the main steel structure. The UHF television antenna, which consist of a vertical array of transmitting panels, is mounted above the steel structure. The total height of the mast to the top of this UHF antenna is 165.7 metres (544 ft). It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

The Black Mountain transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, situated on land 301 metres (988 ft) above Ordnance Datum to the west of the city of Belfast, in Northern Ireland. It includes a guyed steel lattice mast which is 228.6 metres (750 ft) in height. The height of the top of the structure above mean sea level is 529 metres (1,736 ft). It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haverfordwest transmitting station</span> Broadcasting and telecommunications facility

The Haverfordwest transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located at Woodstock about 13 km (8 mi) to the north east of the town of Haverfordwest, in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It was originally built by the BBC, entering service in early 1964 acting as a main transmitter for the 405-line VHF television system, and as a repeater for Band 2 VHF FM radio received off-air from Blaenplwyf transmitting station. It is now owned and operated by Arqiva.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huntshaw Cross transmitting station</span> Telecommunications facility in Devon, England

Huntshaw Cross transmitting station is a telecommunications facility serving North Devon including the towns of Barnstaple and South Molton. It broadcasts television, radio and mobile telephone services and is currently owned by Arqiva. It is located on the B3232 road at Huntshaw, Great Torrington. Grid reference SS527220. The mast is 164 metres (538 ft) high.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Storeton transmitting station</span> Radio and TV transmission site in England

Storeton transmitting station is a television transmitter being a member of both the Winter Hill group of transmitters and of the Moel-y-Parc group of transmitter, and an FM radio transmitter, with transmitting antennas affixed to a mast located on Storeton Ridge, Higher Bebington, Wirral, UK. The site is owned and operated by Arqiva. It was originally solely an analogue TV relay of the Winter Hill transmitter. The 45 metre-high (150 ft-high) mast is situated at an elevation of 65.5 metres (215 ft). Thus, the top of the mast has an overall height of 110.5 metres (363 ft) above sea level. Construction of the mast was completed in 1980. As of 2009, the TV transmitter serves approximately 45,000 homes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blaenplwyf transmitting station</span> Telecommunication tower

The Blaenplwyf transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located near the village of Blaenplwyf about 10 kilometres (6 mi) to the south west of the town of Aberystwyth, in Ceredigion, Wales. It was originally built by the BBC, entering service in October 1956 acting as a main transmitter for BBC Band II VHF FM radio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilvey Hill transmitting station</span>

The Kilvey Hill transmitting station was originally built at the summit of Kilvey Hill in Swansea, Wales, by the BBC in 1967 as a relay for VHF and UHF television. VHF television came on air a few months before the UHF services. As built, the station did not radiate VHF FM radio, this was added later. Currently, the hill's transmitters cater for viewers and listeners in Swansea, Neath Port Talbot and Llanelli. The station is owned and operated by Arqiva.

The Brecon transmitting station was originally built by the IBA in 1970 as a relay for VHF 405-line analogue television: one of the last 405-line TV stations to be built in Britain. As built, it consisted of a 46 m guyed lattice mast carrying the aerials at the top. This structure was built about 300 m NW of Slwch Tump Iron Age hill fort on the slopes of a 240 m hill known as "The Slwch" overlooking the town. The VHF television feed was provided off-air from Abergavenny, about 25 km to the southeast - itself an off-air relay of St. Hilary near Cardiff.

The Midhurst transmitting station is a facility for both analogue and digital VHF/FM radio and UHF television transmission, 3.1 miles (5.0 km) northeast of Midhurst, West Sussex, England. The station broadcasts to much of the northern half of West Sussex, and to small parts of Surrey and Hampshire. This includes towns such as Horsham, Midhurst, Haslemere, Godalming, Petersfield, Steyning, and Bordon.

The Llandrindod Wells transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located on high ground about midway between Llandrindod Wells and Rhayader, in Powys, Wales. It was originally built by the BBC, entering service in 1961 transmitting the now-defunct 405-line VHF television system and the original three FM radio services.

The Llanelli transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located on high ground north of the town of Llanelli, South Wales. It was originally built by the BBC, entering service in mid 1970 transmitting the now-defunct 405-line VHF television system. As such, it was one of the last 405 transmitters ever built.

The Abergavenny transmitting station was originally built by the IBA in 1969 as a relay for BBC and ITV VHF 405-line analogue television. It consists of a 46 m guyed lattice mast carrying the aerials at the top. This structure was built on a 440 m hill known as Gilwern Hill overlooking the towns of Gilwern and Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, South Wales. The band III VHF television feeds were provided off-air from St. Hilary and Wenvoe, both near Cardiff.

The Llanidloes transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility consisting of a self-supporting 23 m lattice mast erected on land that is itself about 245 m above sea level about 1 km to the west of the town of Llanidloes in Powys, Wales. It was originally built by the BBC, entering service just before Christmas 1966 transmitting the now-defunct 405-line VHF television system. Transmissions of the original three FM radio services began in February 1967.

References

  1. ↑ "Emprois [Wenvoe TV Mast]". Archived from the original on August 3, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. 1 2 "Ofcom [Details of the UK DTV network]" (PDF).
  3. ↑ "Radio Frequencies & Transmitter Maps worldwide". fmscan.org. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
  4. 1 2 "UKFreeTV" . Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  5. ↑ The Glamorgan Advertiser, Maesteg, 22 August 1952, page 9.
  6. ↑ Pawley, Edward. 1972. BBC Engineering 1922-1972 p. 374. BBC Publications, ISBN   0-563-12127-0
  7. ↑ "Report" (PDF). downloads.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  8. ↑ "Videos". Bbceng.info. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  9. ↑ "Notice of proposal to make regulations in connection with the award of licences in the frequency bands 542 to 550 MHz and 758 to 766 MHz covering Cardiff and Manchester | Ofcom". webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2009-02-04.
  10. ↑ "Wales is first UK nation to switch fully to digital TV". BBC News. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  11. ↑ "Report" (PDF). downloads.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  12. ↑ "Report" (PDF). downloads.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  13. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2012-05-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ↑ Archived November 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ Summers, Nick (2012-02-15). "EU States Must Allow 4G on Analogue TV Spectrum". Thenextweb.com. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  16. ↑ "4G clearance retunes". a516digital. Retrieved 2013-05-28.
  17. ↑ "Freeview multiplex turned off" . Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  18. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2012-04-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ↑ "TxParams DAB data". Ofcom . 2020-04-03. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.