Owston's palm civet | |
---|---|
Owston's palm civets in captivity | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Suborder: | Feliformia |
Family: | Viverridae |
Subfamily: | Hemigalinae |
Genus: | Chrotogale Thomas, 1912 |
Species: | C. owstoni |
Binomial name | |
Chrotogale owstoni (Thomas, 1912) | |
Owston's palm civet range |
Owston's palm civet (Chrotogale owstoni) is a viverrid native to Vietnam, Laos and a very small portion of southern China, in three counties located in the Yunnan province: Hekou, Luchun, and Jinping, and has never been found west of the Mekong River. It is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List because of an ongoing population decline, estimated to be more than 50% over the last three generations, inferred from over-exploitation, habitat destruction and degradation.
The Owston's palm civet was described by Oldfield Thomas in 1912 on the basis of a skull and skin of zoological specimen collected by Alan Owston by a river in Tonkin. [2] Chrotogale is a monospecific genus. [3]
The Owston's palm civet has a tawny buff-grey body with highly contrasted black markings on its back and tail, and four bands on its back. [4] These bands run from around the eyes to the first third of the tail. [5] It has large rounded ears and black eyes. is a mid-sized palm civet at 57 cm (22 in) plus a tail of 43 cm (17 in), weighing around 1.8–2.7 kg (4–6 lb). [6] The last two-thirds of the tail is completely black, and there are black spots on the legs. Both males and females of this species are very skinny. [6] Since both males and females have the same markings, the only way to distinguish the sexes is through looking at genitalia and pelage. Females have an orange pelage only on their lower bellies, whereas males have an orange patch through the chest, that differs in hue from the ones of females. [5]
Owston's palm civet lives in lowland evergreen forests where dry seasons are not too harsh. They live in a restricted range of territory, spanning Vietnam, Laos and a very small portion of southern China, as well as the Annamite mountains. [7] Based on camera trapping studies, it is likely that its range is limited to only certain forests within these regions, the moist tropical evergreen forests, subtropical forests, and limestone forests. [5]
Very little is known about the life history of the Owston's palm civet in the wild, though limited information has been gathered on captive animals. It is a solitary species, except during mating season. It is nocturnal, being active only during complete darkness in the wild, but being active from sundown to dawn in captivity. [6] It is mainly terrestrial, spending most of their time foraging on the forest floor, but on occasion, they may climb trees and shrubbery in order to sleep. [5] It marks objects with both urine and scent glands located on their underbellies. This marking occurs most often during breeding season, but the exact reason for marking is unknown. [6]
The Owston's Civet spends most of its time foraging on the ground for fruits and soft-bodied animals, with a particular fondness for insects and earthworms. Based on its dentition observed in captivity, it is not able to eat large or bony animals. [5]
There is no known information about the reproductive habits of this palm civet in the wild. Based on when traders see pregnant females, it is assumed that the mating season is between January and May. [4] In captivity, females give birth to litters of 1-3 cubs after a gestation of 75 to 90 days. Pups are born with their eyes closed and weigh 80–135 g (2.8–4.8 oz). After about 10 days, they begin to walk, and reach independence at 12 to 18 weeks as they are weaned off their mother. At the age of 18 to 24 months, they are sexually mature and able to reproduce next mating season. [6]
The Owston's palm civet is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, because the population is thought to have declined due to over-exploitation and habitat fragmentation. [1] The largest threat is hunting, specifically non-specific mammal hunting. While Owston's palm civet is not a particular target for hunters, it still suffers casualties mostly due to snares placed by hunters. [8] Most of the hunting in the region occurs within protected areas, where it is illegal to set any type of trap. [9] The urban demand for wild meat lead to an increase of hunting in both protected areas and outside of protected areas. In some areas of Vietnam and Laos, there are hundreds of snares per kilometer. [10]
In order to help save the Owston's palm civet, protected areas have been created in the Yunnan province. In Vietnam, it is listed in group IIB which means that the exploitation of the Owston's palm civet is regulated but not illegal. In Laos, hunting the Owston's palm civet is prohibited. [1] Conservationists developed a 10-year plan in order to help preserve the Owston's palm civet. The conservation priorities are to cut down on snaring and to reduce the consumption of wild meat. They propose to do this by bringing the wild meat issue to the government, in hopes of passing laws to change the behavior. They also hope to establish a genetically diverse Owston's palm civet population that can be released back into the wild. [8]
The Carnivore and Pangolin Conservation Program in Cúc Phương National Park was founded in 1995 and is the only center for rehabilitation and breeding of the Owston's palm civet; the program is run in cooperation with various zoos including Newquay Zoo. [4] Since it was founded in 1995, 14 Owston's palm civets were rescued and rehabilitated, and 66 were born in the center as of the 2019 conservation planning workshop for the Owston's palm civet. [4] The Newquay Zoo keeps two Owston's civets brought from Vietnam in 2005. [11]
The Asian palm civet, also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad range of habitats. It is widely distributed with large populations that in 2008 were thought unlikely to be declining. It is threatened by poaching for the illegal wildlife trade.
The red-shanked douc is an arboreal and diurnal Old World monkey belonging to the Colobinae subfamily. They are endemic to Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. They are known for their bright colors and exhibit sexual dimorphism through their body size. The species has been declared critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, with the main threats being: hunting, habitat loss and pet trade. They are one of three species in the genus Pygathrix, the other two being the black-shanked and gray-shanked doucs.
The kouprey, also known as the forest ox and grey ox, is a possibly extinct species of forest-dwelling wild bovine native to Southeast Asia. It was first scientifically described in 1937. The name kouprey is derived from the Khmer language and means "forest ox".
The African civet is a large viverrid native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it is considered common and widely distributed in woodlands and secondary forests. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008. In some countries, it is threatened by hunting, and wild-caught individuals are kept for producing civetone for the perfume industry.
The fossa is a slender, long-tailed, cat-like mammal that is endemic to Madagascar. It is a member of the carnivoran family Eupleridae.
Hose's palm civet, also known as Hose's civet, is a viverrid species endemic to the island of Borneo. It is listed on the IUCN Red List as Vulnerable because of an ongoing population decline, estimated to be more than 30% over the last three generations and suspected to be more than 30% in the next three generations due to declines in population inferred from habitat destruction and degradation.
The Malagasy or striped civet, also known as the fanaloka or jabady, is an euplerid endemic to Madagascar. It is the only species in genus Fossa.
The small Indian civet is a civet native to South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List because of its widespread distribution, widespread habitat use and healthy populations living in agricultural and secondary landscapes of many range states.
Cúc Phương National Park is located in Ninh Bình Province, in Vietnam's Red River Delta. Cuc Phuong was Vietnam's first national park and is the country's largest nature reserve. The park is one of the most important sites for biodiversity in Vietnam.
The banded palm civet, also called the banded civet, is a viverrid native to Indomalaya. They primarily inhabit lowland conifer habitat, which is under threat from encroaching human activity. It is estimated the population of the banded palm civet has decreased by around 30% in just three generations. Banded palm civets are usually approximately the size of a domestic cat; their fur is pale but with dark bands on the back. They are believed to be closely related to Hose's palm civets, which are similar in appearance and distribution.
The masked palm civet, also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 as it occurs in many protected areas, is tolerant to some degree of habitat modification, and widely distributed with presumed large populations that are unlikely to be declining.
The brown palm civet, also called the Jerdon's palm civet, is a viverrid endemic to the Western Ghats of India.
The large-spotted civet is a viverrid native to Southeast Asia that is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
The Malayan civet, also known as the Malay civet and Oriental civet, is a viverrid native to the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo, the Riau Archipelago, and the Philippines. It is listed as "Least Concern" by IUCN as it is a relatively widely distributed, appears to be tolerant of degraded habitats, and occurs in a number of protected areas.
The large Indian civet is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. The global population is thought to be decreasing due to hunting and trapping driven by the demand for bushmeat.
The Northern Indochina subtropical forests are a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of northern Indochina, covering portions of Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and China's Yunnan Province.
The wildlife of Vietnam is rich in flora and fauna as reflected by its unique biodiversity. Saola, rare and antelope-like animal categorized under the bovine subfamily, was found in 1992 in Vũ Quang National Park. In the 1990s, three other muntjac species, the deer-like Truong Son muntjac, giant muntjac and Pu Hoat muntjac, were also discovered. Conservation protection and scientific studies of the ecology of Vietnam, particularly in the protected forest areas, have been given priority attention by the Government of Vietnam. Laws were enacted to set up Xuân Thủy Wetland National Park, four UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, and Hạ Long Bay and Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Parks; the last two are also designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Newquay Zoo is a zoological garden located within Trenance Leisure Park in Newquay, England. The zoo was opened in Cornwall on Whit Monday, 26 May 1969 by the local council. It was privately owned by Mike Thomas and Roger Martin from 1993 until 2003. In August 2003 Stewart Muir became the new Director and the zoo became part of the Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust, alongside Paignton Zoo and Living Coasts. The zoo is part of a registered charity, and was awarded various South West and Cornwall 'Visitor Attraction of The Year' and 'Sustainable Tourism' awards for excellence in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Newquay Zoo is now run as part of the Wild Planet Trust, the new name for the Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust.
The Black-breasted leaf turtle, also commonly called the Vietnamese leaf turtle or the black-breasted hill turtle, a species of turtle. The species is listed as one of the smallest turtle species in the world. The species is endemic to Southeast Asia and is listed as endangered as of July 16, 2018.
The binturong, also known as the bearcat, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is uncommon in much of its range, and has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of a declining population. It is estimated to have declined at least 30% since the mid-1980s. The binturong is the only species in the genus Arctictis.