Type of site | Search engine, digital library, file sharing |
---|---|
Founder(s) | Anna Archivist, Pirate Library Mirror [1] |
URL | |
Commercial | No |
Registration | Optional |
Launched | November 10, 2022 [2] |
Current status | Active |
Part of a series on |
File sharing |
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Anna's Archive is a search engine for shadow libraries created by the pseudonymous Anna. [3] It was founded in direct response to law enforcement efforts to close down Z-Library in 2022. It describes itself as aiming to "catalog all the books in existence" and to "track humanity's progress toward making all these books easily available in digital form". [2] [4]
Anna's Archive mirrors Library Genesis, Open Library, Sci-Hub and Z-Library, and has scraped (downloaded the entirety of) the library catalog WorldCat and the scanned book database DuXiu. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] It claims it does not host copyrighted materials and that it only indexes metadata that is already publicly available.
As of September 21, 2024, Anna's Archive includes 37,666,367 books and 105,835,081 papers. [10]
The code and data for Anna's Archive are fully open source. It preserves its collection in bulk using torrents in order to make the site resilient to failure. It has a two-tiered system of file download options, in which high-speed downloads are only available to users with an active membership, while non-members have to use slower options with browser verification to prevent scraping. They claim that donations and membership fees are mostly spent on infrastructure and that none are personally given to any team members. The website itself does not host copyrighted materials, but it links to places where they can be downloaded. [11] [4]
Anna's Archive was created by members of the Pirate Library Mirror project, an anonymous effort to mirror shadow libraries that began in direct response to U.S. law enforcement efforts to close down Z-Library in 2022. It initially displayed results from Library Genesis and Z-Library. [12] [13] [14] [15]
On October 3, 2023, Anna's Archive was reported to have scraped WorldCat, the world's largest book metadata database. Anna's Archive says that the scrape "marks a major milestone in mapping out all the books in the world" and that it allows them to "work on making a to-do list of all the books that still need to be preserved". [16] In response to the scrape, Anna's Archive was sued on January 12, 2024 by OCLC, one of the maintainers of WorldCat. [17] OCLC says that the scrape was the result of cyberattacks on its servers and that Anna's Archive allows public download of scraped data. The only named defendant in the lawsuit denies any involvement with Anna's Archive or in hacking WorldCat. [18]
On November 4, 2023, Anna reported on their blog that they had acquired a copy of DuXiu, a database of scanned Chinese books. [19] The data was released without embargoes on June 16, 2024. [20]
In January 2024, Anna's Archive was blocked in Italy due to a copyright complaint by the Italian Publishers Association. [21] In March 2024, Anna's Archive was blocked by some internet service providers in the Netherlands due to a request by BREIN, an anti-piracy group. [22]
On July 1, 2024, the .org
mirror started to redirect to the .gs
mirror. [23] On July 11, 2024, Anna reported on their subreddit that the .gs
mirror was not functioning, and to use the .se
mirror, or the new .li
mirror instead; the .org
mirror also stopped redirecting. [24] [25]
MediaDefender, Inc. was a company that fought copyright infringement that offered services designed to prevent alleged copyright infringement using peer-to-peer distribution. They used unusual tactics such as flooding peer-to-peer networks with decoy files that tie up users' computers and bandwidth. MediaDefender was based in Los Angeles, California in the United States. As of March 2007, the company had approximately 60 employees and used 2,000 servers hosted in California with contracts for 9 Gbit/s of bandwidth.
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Sci-Hub is a shadow library website that provides free access to millions of research papers, regardless of copyright, by bypassing publishers' paywalls in various ways. Unlike Library Genesis, it does not provide access to books. Sci-Hub was founded in Kazakhstan by Alexandra Elbakyan in 2011, in response to the high cost of research papers behind paywalls. The site is extensively used worldwide. In September 2019, the site's operator(s) said that it served approximately 400,000 requests per day. In addition to its intensive use, Sci-Hub stands out among other shadow libraries because of its easy use/reliability and because of the enormous size of its collection; a 2018 study estimated that Sci-Hub provided access to 95% of all scholarly publications with issued DOI numbers. On 15 July 2022, Sci-Hub reported that its collection comprised 88,343,822 files. Since December 2020, the site has paused uploads due to legal troubles.
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