Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology

Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology

First edition cover
Author	Isaac Asimov
Country	United States
Language	English
Genre	Non-fiction, encyclopedia, biographical, reference
Publisher	Doubleday
Publication date	1964
Media type	1129
Pages	662
ISBN	0-385-04693-6 (New Revised edition)
OCLC	523479

Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of initially 1000 scientists and later with over 1500 entries. Organized chronologically, beginning with Imhotep (entry "[1]") and concluding with Stephen Hawking (entry "[1510]"), each biographical entry is numbered, allowing for easy cross-referencing of one scientist with another. Nearly every biographical sketch contains links to other biographies. For example, the article about John Franklin Enders [1195] has the sentence "Alexander Fleming's [1077] penicillin was available thanks to the work of Howard Florey [1213] and Ernst Boris Chain [1306] . . ." This allows one to quickly refer to the articles about Fleming, Florey, and Chain. It includes scientists in all fields including biologists, chemists, astronomers, physicists, mathematicians, geologist, and explorers. The alphabetical list of biographical entries starts with ABBE, Cleveland [738] and ends with ZWORYKIN, Vladimir Kosma [1134]

In the Second Revised Edition Isaac Newton receives the greatest coverage, a biography of seven pages. Galileo, Michael Faraday and Albert Einstein tie, with five pages each, and Lavoisier and Charles Darwin get four pages each. Dutch writer Gerrit Krol said about the book, "One of the charms of this encyclopedia is that to each name he adds those with whom this scientist has been in contact." The book has been revised several times, by both Asimov himself, and most recently, by his daughter Robyn Asimov.^{[ citation needed ]}

Entries

Entry	Name	Field	Notes
1	Imhotep	Engineering	(2650–2600 BC) An Egyptian polymath, he is considered to be the first engineer, architect and physician in history known by name.
2	Ahmose	Mathematics	Also known as Ahmes, an Egypt scribe of the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt who copied the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.
3	Thales	Mathematics	(624 – c. 546 BC), One of the Seven Sages of Greece. He is one of the first well-known philosophers and mathematicians.
4	Anaximander	Metaphysics	(c. 610 – c. 546 BC) A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, [1] a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey). He belonged to the Milesian school
5	Anaximenes	Metaphysics	(c. 585 – c. 528 BCE) An Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher. [2] [3] One of the three Milesian philosophers
6	Xenophanes	Metaphysics	(c. 570 – c. 475 BC) [4] was a Greek philosopher, theologian, poet, and social and religious critic.
7	Pythagoras	Mathematics	(c. 570-c. 495 BC). Best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name.
8	Eupalinos	Engineering	an ancient Greek engineer who built the Tunnel of Eupalinos on Samos Island in the 6th century BC.
9	Hecataeus	Historian	(c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC) An early Greek historian and geographer.
10	Heraclitus	Metaphysics	(c. 535 – c. 475 BC) pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and a native of the city of Ephesus, [5] then part of the Persian Empire.
11	Alcmaeon	Medicine	(c 510 BC) considered by many an early pioneer of anatomical dissection and was said to be the first to identify Eustachian tubes.
12	Hanno	Explorer	a Carthaginian explorer c. 500 BC, best known for his naval exploration of the African coast.
13	Parmenides	Metaphysics	late sixth or early fifth century BC pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece, included Southern Italy). Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.
14	Anaxagoras	Astronomy	He produced a correct explanation for eclipses and proposed that the Milky Way might consist of distant stars. [6]
15	Leucippus	Chemistry	(first half of the 5th century BC) The first Greek to develop the theory of atomism – the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms.
16	Zeno	Metaphysics	(490?–430? BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher best known for his paradoxes.
17	Empedocles	Cosmogenesis	(c. 490 – c. 430 BC) Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Acragas (Agrigentum), a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements.
18	Oenopides	Astronomy	An ancient Greek geometer and astronomer, who lived around 450 BCE.
19	Philolaus	Astronomy	c. 470 – c. 385 BCE [7] ) was a Greek Pythagorean and Presocratic philosopher. He is also credited with originating the theory that the Earth was not the center of the universe.
20	Democritus	Chemistry	(c. 370 BC) An Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. [8]
21	Socrates	Philosophy	470/469 – 399 BC) [9] was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.
22	Hippocrates	Medicine	(c. 460 – c. 370 BC), A Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), sometimes referred to as the "Father of Medicine" [10]
23	Meton	Astronomy	a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geometer, and engineer who lived in Athens in the 5th century BC. He is best known for calculations involving the eponymous 19-year Metonic cycle which he introduced in 432 BC into the lunisolar Attic calendar.
24	Plato	Philosophy	(428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. [11]
25	Archytas	Mathematics	(428–347 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist. He was a scientist of the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of mathematical mechanics, as well as a good friend of Plato.
26	Theaetetus	Mathematics
27	Eudoxus
28	Heracleides
29	Aristotle
30	Menaechmus
31	Theophrastus
32	Callippus
33	Dicaearchus
34	Diocles
35	Epicurus
36	Praxagoras	Medicine	studied Aristotle's (384–322 BC) anatomy and improved it by distinguishing between arteries and veins.
37	Kiddinu
38	Strato
39	Pytheas
40	Euclid
41	Aristarchus
42	Herophilus
43	Erasistratus
44	Conon
45	Philon from Byzantium
46	Ctesibius	Physics	(285–222 BC) was a Greek inventor who wrote the first treatises on compressed air. Worked on the elasticity of air. The "father of pneumatics."
47	Archimedes
48	Eratosthenes
49	Apollonius
50	Hipparchus
51	Seleucus
52	Poseidonius
53	Lucretius
54	Sosigenes
55	Vitruvius
56	Strabo
57	Celsus, Aulus Cornelius
58	Mela, Pomponius
59	Dioscorides
60	Hero
61	Pliny
62	Frontinus, Sextus Julius
63	Tsai Lun
64	Ptolemy, Claudius
65	Galen
66	Diophantus
67	Zosimus
68	Pappus
69	Hypatia
70	Proclus
71	Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
72	Isidore of Seville
73	Brahmagupta
74	Callinicus	Chemistry	(about 620 BC) Also known as Kallinikos. A Byzantine chemist from Heliopolis and the inventor of Greek fire
75	Bede
76	Geber
77	Alcuin
78	Charlemagne
79	Al-Khwarizmi, Muhammed ibn Musa
80	Thabit ibn Qurra
81	Alfred The Great
82	Rhazes
83	Albategnius
84	Gerbert
85	Alhazen
86	Avicenna
87	Omar Khayyam
88	Abelard, Peter
89	Adelard of Bath
90	Gerard of Cremona
91	Averroes
92	Maimonides, Moses
93	Neckam, Alexander
94	Grosseteste, Robert
95	Fibonacci, Leonardo
96	Albertus Magnus
97	Frederick II
98	Michael Scot
99	Bacon, Roger
100	Alfonso X
101	Alderotti, Tadeo	Medicine	Italian Physician.
102	Aquinas, Saint Thomas
103	Arnold of Villanova
104	Peregrinus, Petrus
105	Polo, Marco
106	d'Abano, Pietro
107	False Geber
108	Buridan, Jean
109	Ockham, William of
110	Mondino de' Luzzi
111	Henry the Navigator
112	Ulugh Beg
113	Toscanelli, Paolo
114	Gutenberg, Johann	Engineering	(c. 1398–1468). Invented mechanical movable type printing.
115	Nicholas of Cusa
116	Bessarion, John
117	Alberti, Leone Battista
118	Peurbach, Georg von
119	Regiomontanus
120	Pacioli, Luca
121	Columbus, Christopher
122	Leonardo da Vinci
123	Vespucius, Americus
124	Cano, Juan Sebastian Del
125	Waldseemoller, Martin
126	Dürer, Albrecht
127	Copernicus, Nicolas
128	Balboa, Vasco Nunez de
129	Schoner, Johannes
130	Magellan, Ferdinand
131	Paracelsus
132	Agricola, Georgius
133	Apian, Peter
134	Fernel, Jean François
135	Tartaglia, Niccolo
136	Fuchs, Leonhard
137	Cardano, Girolamo
138	Gemma Frisius, Reiner
139	Pare, Ambroise
140	Colombo, Realdo
141	Eustachio, Bartolomeo
142	Servetus, Michael
143	Reinhold, Erasmus
144	Mercator, Gerardus
145	Rheticus
146	Vesalius, Andreas
147	Gesner, Konrad Von
148	Belon, Pierre
149	Fallopius, Gabriel
150	Porta, Giambattista Della
151	Fabricius Ab Aquapendente, Hieronymus
152	Clavius, Christoph
153	Vieta, Franciscus
154	Scaliger, Joseph Justus
155	Gilbert, William
156	Brahe, Tycho	Astronomy	(14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601) Known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations.
157	Bruno, Giordano	Astronomy	(1548 – February 17, 1600). The first man to have conceptualized the universe as a continuum where the stars we see at night are identical in nature to the Sun.
158	Stevinus, Simon
159	Napier, John
160	Alpini, Prospero
161	Norman, Robert
162	Libavius
163	Bacon, Francis
164	Briggs, Henry
165	Sanctorius, Sanctorius
166	Galileo
167	Fabricius, David	Astronomy	(1564–1617)Known for discovering the first known periodic variable star and the first confirmed instance of the observation of sunspots.
168	Lippershey, Hans	Astronomy	(1570–1619), generally credited as being the inventor of the telescope.
169	Keppler, Johann
170	Bayer, Johann	Astronomy	(1572–1625) most famous for his star atlas Uranometria , published in 1603, which was the first atlas to cover the entire celestial sphere.
171	Marius, Simon
172	Oughtred, William
173	Scheiner, Christoph
174	Harvey, William
175	Helmont, Jan Baptista van
176	Wendelin, Godefroy
177	Snell, Willebrord Van Roijen
178	Baffin, William
179	Vernier, Pierre
180	Cysat, Johann
181	Mersenne, Marin	Mathematics	(September 8, 1588 – September 1, 1648). Mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as the "father of acoustics"
182	Gassendi, Pierre
183	Descartes, Rene
184	Gellibrand, Henry
185	Riccioli, Giovanni Battista
186	Cavalieri, Bonaventura
187	Kircher, Athanasius
188	Fermat, Pierre de
189	Guericke, Otto Von
190	Glauber, Johann Rudolf
191	Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso
192	Torricelli, Evangelista
193	Ferdinand II of Tuscany
194	Hevelius, Johannes
195	Gascoigne, William
196	Sylvius, Franciscus
197	Wilkins, John
198	Wallis, John
199	Grimaldi, Francesco Maria
200	Horrocks, Jeremiah
201	Graunt, John
202	Brouncker, William, 2D Viscount
203	Mariotte, Edme
204	Picard, Jean
205	Willis, Thomas
206	Viviani, Vincenzo
207	Pascal, Blaise
208	Sydenham, Thomas
209	Cassini, Giovanni Domenico
210	Barthoun, Erasmus
211	Redi, Francesco
212	Boyle, Robert	Physics	(25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, best known for Boyle's law, [12]
213	Ray, John
214	Malpighi, Marcello
215	Huygens, Christiaan
216	Brand, Hennig
217	Richer, Jean
218	Rudbeck, Olof
219	Lower, Richard
220	Wren, Sir Christopher
221	Leeuwenhoek, Anton Van
222	Becher, Johann Joachim
223	Hooke, Robert
224	Swammerdam, Jan
225	Steno, Nicolaus
226	Gregory, James
227	Denis, Jean Baptiste
228	Graaf, Regnier de
229	Grew, Nehemiah
230	Mayow, John
231	Newton, Sir Isaac	Physics	(25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27 [13] ) An English mathematician, astronomer, theologian and physicist.
232	Roemer, Olaus
233	Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
234	Flamsteed, John
235	Papin, Denis
236	Savery, Thomas
237	Havers, Clopton
238	Halley, Edmund
239	Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de
240	Gregory, David
241	Stahl, Georg Ernst
242	Polhem, Christopher
243	Newcomen, Thomas
244	Amontons, Guillaume
245	Hauksbee, Francis
246	De Moivre, Abraham
247	Saccheri, Girolamo
248	Boerhaave, Hermann
249	Hales, Stephen
250	Bering, Vitus Jonassen
251	Morgagni, Giovanni Battista
252	Reaumur, Rene Antoine Ferchault de
253	Desaguliers, John Theophile
254	Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel
255	Delisle, Joseph Nicolas
256	Goldbach, Christian
257	Musschenbroek, Pieter Van
258	Bradley, James
259	Harrison, John
260	Brandt, Georg
261	Voltaire	-	(21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778) François-Marie Arouet, known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher.
262	Gray, Stephen
263	Maclaurin, Colin
264	Bouguer, Pierre
265	Baker, Henry
266	Du Fay, Charles François de Cisternay
267	Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de
268	Bernoulli, Daniel
269	Kleist, Ewald Georg Von
270	La Condamine, Charles Marie de
271	Celsius, Anders
272	Franklin, Benjamin
273	Dollond, John
274	Châtelet, Gabrieue Émilie Ietonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise de
275	Euler, Leonhard
276	Linnaeus, Carolus
277	Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc. Comtede
278	Haller, Albrecht von
279	Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund
280	Gmelin, Johann Georg
281	Wright, Thomas
282	Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilievich
283	Clairaut, Alexis Claude
284	Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de
285	Needham, John Turberville	Biology	(10 September 1713 – 30 December 1781) was an English biologist and Roman Catholic priest.
286	Diderot, Denis
287	Guettard, Jean Etienne
288	Lind, James
289	d'Alembert, Jean le Rond
290	Canton, John
291	Bonnet, Charles
292	Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik
293	Kant, Immanuel
294	Michell, John
295	Le Gentil, Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean Baptiste
296	Desmarest, Nicolas
297	Hutton, James
298	Black, Joseph
299	Lambert, Johann Heinrich
300	Cook, James
301	Titius, Johann Daniel	Astronomy	(2 January 1729 – 16 December 1796) was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg, [14] best known for formulating the Titius–Bode law, and for using this rule to predict the existence of a celestial object at 2.8 AU from the sun.
302	Spallanzani, Lazzaro
303	Bougainville, Louis Antoine de
304	Müller, Otto Friedrich
305	Messier, Charles
306	Ingenhousz, Jan
307	Cavendish, Henry
308	Darwin, Erasmus
309	Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de
310	Maskelyne, Nevil
311	Arkwright, Sir Richard
312	Priestley, Joseph
313	Wolff, Kaspar Friedrich
314	Mesmer, Franz Anton
315	Bergman, Torbern Olof
316	Watt, James
317	Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, Comte de
318	Coulomb, Charles Augustin
319	Guyton de Morveau, Baron Louis Bernard
320	Galvani, Luigi
321	Herschel, Sir William	Astronomy	(15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) British astronomer and composer [15] Pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry. Discovered infrared radiation. Discovered Uranus and 2 of its moons (Titania and Oberon) and 2 moons of Saturn (Enceladus and Mimas).
322	Saussure, Horace Benedict de
323	Müller, Franz Joseph
324	Frere, John
325	Montgolfier, Jacques Etienne Andjoseph Michel
326	Lexell, Anders Johan
327	Withering, William
328	Leblanc, Nicolas
329	Scheele, Karl Wilhelm
330	Fitch, John
331	Banks, Sir Joseph
332	Haüy, René Just
333	Jefferson, Thomas
334	Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent
335	Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
336	Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de
337	Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio, Count
338	Pinel, Philippe
339	Gahn, Johann Gottlieb
340	Monge, Gaspard
341	Piazzi, Giuseppe
342	Hjelm, Peter Jacob
343	Charles, Jacques Alexandre Cesar
344	Bode, Johann Elert
345	Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de
346	Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte
347	Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de
348	Jenner, Edward
349	Goethe, Johann Wolfgang Von
350	Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph
351	Rutherford, Daniel
352	Herschel, Caroline Lucretia
353	Dolomieu, Dieudonne de Gratet de
354	Sprengel, Christian Konrad
355	Werner, Abraham Gottlob
356	Prevost, Pierre
357	Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
358	Legendre, Adrien Marie
359	Appert, Nicolas
360	Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count
361	Nicholson, William
363	Murdock, William
364	Proust, Joseph Louis
365	Parkinson, James
366	Fourcroy, Antoine François, Comtede
367	D'Elhuyar, Don Fausto
368	Chaptal, Jean Antoine Claude, Comtede Chanteloup
369	McAdam, John Loudon
370	Chladni, Ernst Florens Friedrich
371	Gall, Franz Joseph
372	Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus
373	Gadolin, Johan
374	Hall, Sir James
375	Tennant, Smithson
376	Pons, Jean Louis
377	Gregor, William
378	Richter, Jeremias Benjamin
379	Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas
380	Kirchhoff, Gottlieb Sigismund Constantin
381	Goodricke, John
382	Del Río, Andrés Manuel
383	Hatchett, Charles
384	Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore
385	Fulton, Robert
386	Whitney, Eli
387	Malthus, Thomas Robert
388	Wollaston, William Hyde
389	Dalton, John
390	Hisinger, Wilhelm
391	Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf
392	Bouvard, Alexis
393	Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, Baron
394	Nicol, William
395	Smith, William	-	(23 March 1769 – 28 August 1839)
396	Cuvier, Georges Leopold Chretien Frederic Dagobert, Baron
397	Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander, Baron Von
398	Seebeck, Thomas Johann
399	Trevithick, Richard
400	Bichat, Marie François Xavier
401	Mohs, Friedrich
402	Young, Thomas
403	Brown, Robert	-	(21 December 1773 – 10 June 1858)
404	Biot, Jean Baptiste
405	Buch, Christian Leopold von
406	Baily, Francis
407	Ampère, Andrè Marie
408	Malus, Etienne Louis
409	Kidd, John
410	Germain, Sophie
411	Strohmeyer, Friedrich
412	Avogadro, Amedeo, Count of Quaregna
413	Ritter, Johann Wilhelm
414	Courtois, Bernard
415	Gauss, Johann Karl Friedrich
416	Thenard, Louis Jacques
417	Oersted, Hans Christian
418	Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de
419	Bretonneau, Pierre Fidele
420	Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis
421	Davy, Sir Humphry	Chemistry	(17 December 1778 – 29 May 1829) A Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered for isolating a series of substances for the first time: potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodin
422	Schweigger, Johann Salomo Christoph
423	Oken, Lorenz
424	Silliman, Benjamin
425	Berzelius, Jons Jakob
426	Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottliebvon
427	Dobereiner, Johann Wolfgang
428	Hare, Robert
429	Laennec, Theophile Rene Hyacinthe
430	Braconnot, Henri
431	Stephenson, George
432	Poisson, Simeon Denis
433	Brewster, Sir David
434	Biela, Wilhelm Von
435	Guthrie, Samuel
436	Sturgeon, William
437	Sertorner, Friedrich Wilhelm Adamferdinand
438	Magendie, François
439	Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm
440	Prout, William
441	Dulong, Pierre Louis
442	Sedgwick, Adam
443	Audubon, John James
444	Beaumont, William	Medicine	(November 21, 1785 – April 25, 1853) "Father of Gastric Physiology"
445	Lister, Joseph Jackson
446	Arago, Dominique François Jean
447	Amici, Giovanni Battista
448	Chevreul, Michel Eugene
449	Charpentier, Johann Von
450	Fraunhofer, Joseph Von
451	Sefstrom, Nils Gabriel
452	Purkinje, Jan Evangelista
453	Venetz, Ignatz
454	Pelletier, Pierre Joseph
455	Fresnel, Augustin Jean
456	Poncelet, Jean Victor
457	Gmelin, Leopold
458	Boucher de Crèvecœur Deperthes, Jacques
459	Sabine, Sir Edward
460	Thomsen, Christian Jurgensen
461	Ohm, Georg Simon
462	Redfield, William C.
463	Cauchy, Augustin Louis, Baron
464	Bond, William Cranch
465	Bright, Richard	-	(September 28, 1789 – December 16, 1858)
466	Schwabe, Heinrich Samuel
467	Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandet
468	Mantell, Gideon Algernon
469	Hall, Marshall
470	Daniell, John Frederic
471	Mobius, August Ferdinand
472	Peacock, George
473	Morse, Samuel Finley Breese
474	Faraday, Michael
475	Encke, Johann Franz
476	Petit, Alexis Therese
477	Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey
478	Baer, Karl Ernst Von
479	Herschel, Sir John Frederick William
480	Coriolis, Gustave Gaspard de
481	Babbage, Charles	Engineering	(26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) An English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.
482	Addison, Thomas
483	Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Von
484	Lobachevski, Nikolai Ivanovich
485	Mitscherlich, Eilhardt
486	Babinet, Jacques
487	Whewell, William
488	Madler, Johann Heinrich
489	Pander, Christian Heinrich
490	Payen, Anselme
491	Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried
492	Weber, Ernst Heinrich
493	Caventou, Joseph Bienaime
494	Braid, James
495	Claus, Carl Ernst
496	Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques
497	Carnot, Nicolas Leonard Sadi
498	Retzius, Anders Adolf
499	Beer, Wilhelm
500	Poiseuille, Jean Leonard Marie	-	(22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869)
501	Mosander, Carl Gustav	Chemistry	discovered the elements lanthanum, erbium and terbium.
502	Lyell, Sir Charles
503	Henry, Joseph
504	Melloni, Macedonio
505	Henderson, Thomas	Astronomy	(28 December 1798 – 23 November 1844) the first person to measure the distance to Alpha Centauri,
506	Reich, Ferdinand
507	Clapeyron, Benoit Pierre Emile
508	Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August
509	Lassell, William
510	Schonbein, Christian Friedrich
511	Talbot, William Henry Fox	-	(11 February 1800 – 17 September 1877)
512	Ross, Sir James Clark
513	Rosse, William Parsons, 3rd Earl of
514	Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre
515	Wohler, Friedrich
516	Goodyear, Charles
517	Dujardin, Felix
518	Miller, William Hallowes
519	Lartet, Edouard Annand Isidore Hippolyte
520	Fechner, Gustav Theodor
521	Plücker, Julius
522	Müller, Johannes Peter
523	Airy, Sir George Biddell
524	Borden, Gail
525	Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonne
526	Wheatstone, Sir Charles
527	Abel, Niels Henrik
528	Hess, Germain Henri
529	Balard, Antoine Jerome
530	Bolyai, Janos
531	Mulder, Gerardus Johannes
532	Liebig, Justus Von	Chemistry	(12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) A German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry.
533	Ericsson, John
534	Doppler, Christian Johann
535	Challis, James
536	Lenz, Heinrich Friedrich Emil
537	Siebold, Karl Theodor Ernst von
538	Schleiden, Matthias Jakob
539	Owen, Sir Richard
540	Weber, Wilhelm Eduard
541	Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob
542	Mohl, Hugo von
543	Jackson, Charles Thomas
544	Fitzroy, Robert
545	Hamilton, Sir William Rowan
546	Lamont, Johann Von
547	Graham, Thomas
548	Maury, Matthew Fontaine
549	de Morgan, Augustus
550	Palmieri, Luigi
551	Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe
552	Guyot, Arnold Henry
553	Laurent, Auguste
554	Darwin, Charles Robert
555	Liouville, Joseph
556	Grassman, Hermann Günther
557	Henle, Friedrich Gustav Jakob
558	Holmes, Oliver Wendell
559	Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke
560	Valentin, Gabriel Gustav
561	Regnault, Henri Victor
562	Gray, Asa
563	Schwann, Theodor
564	Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph
565	Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Eberhard
566	Draper, John William
567	Simpson, Sir James Young
568	Grove, Sir William Robert
569	Otis, Elisha Graves
570	Budd, William(1811–1880)
571	Galois, Evariste
572	Shanks, William
573	Galle, Johann Gottfried
574	Sobrero, Ascanio
575	Bessemer, Sir Henry
576	Snow, John
577	Archer, Frederick Scott
578	Bernard, Claude
579	Stas, Jean Servais
580	Andrews, Thomas	-	(9 December 1813 – 26 November 1885)
581	Parkes, Alexander	Engineering	Invented the first man-made plastic.
582	Fremy, Edmond
583	Geissler, Heinrich
584	Daubree, Gabriel Auguste
585	Angstrom, Anders Jonas
586	Kirkwood, Daniel
587	Mayer, Julius Robert
588	Lawes, Sir John Bennett
589	De La Rue, Warren
590	Forbes, Edward
591	Remak, Robert
592	Wunderlich, Carl Reinhold August
593	Weierstrass, Karl Theodor Wilhelm
594	Long, Crawford Williamson
595	Boole, George
596	Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris
597	Ludwig, Kari Friedrich Wilhelm
598	Nägeli, Carl
599	Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard de
600	Kolliker, Rudolf Albert Von
601	Kopp, Hermann Franz Moritz
602	Wurtz, Charles Adolphe
603	Sainte-Claire Deville, Henri Etienne
604	Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von
605	Donders, Franciscus Comelis
606	Secchi, Pietro Angelo
607	Semmelweiss, Ignaz Philipp
608	Mitchell, Maria
609	Gatling, Richard Jordan
610	Kolbe, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann
611	du Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich
612	Pettenkofer, Max Joseph Von
613	Joule, James Prescott
614	Drake, Edwin Laurentine
615	Adams, John Couch
616	Howe, Euas
617	Morton, William Thomas Green
618	Stokes, Sir George Gabriel
619	Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon
620	Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis
621	Field, Cyrus West	Engineering	The driving force behind the first Transatlantic telegraph cable (Completed on August 5, 1858.)
622	Beguyer de Chancourtois, Alexandre-Emfle
623	Becquerel, Alexandre Edmond
624	Spencer, Herbert	-	(27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903)
625	Rankine, William John Macquorn
626	Tyndall, John
627	Roche, Edouard Albert
628	Loschmidt, Johann Joseph
629	Cayley, Arthur
630	Mortillet, Louis Laurent Gabriel de
631	Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von
632	Virchow, Rudolph Carl
633	Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel
634	Schliemann, Heinrich
635	Lenoir, Jean Joseph Etienne	Engineering	developed the first internal combustion engine in 1859.
636	Galton, Sir Francis
637	Thomson, Robert William
638	Mendel, Gregor Johann
639	Arrest, Heinrich Ludwig d'
640	Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf
641	Hermite, Charles
642	Pasteur, Louis
643	Wallace, Alfred Russel
644	Siemens, Sir William
645	Kronecker, Leopold
646	Huggins, Sir William
647	Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar
648	Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
649	Hittorf, Johann Wilhelm
650	Williamson, Alexander William
651	Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrichbenedikt
652	Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron
653	Broca, Pierre Paul
654	Richter, Hieronymus Theodor
655	Frankland, Sir Edward
656	Bates, Henry Walter
657	Schultze, Max Johann Sigismund
658	Balmer, Johann Jakob
659	Huxley, Thomas Henry
660	Bond, George Phillips
661	Erlenmeyer, Richard August Carl Enul
662	Charcot, Jean Martin
663	Hoppe-Seyler, Ernst Felix Immanuel
664	Stoney, George Johnstone	Physics	introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity".
665	Thomsen, Hans Peter Jørgen Julius
666	Gramme, Zenobe Theophile
667	Carrington, Richard Christopher
668	Cannizzaro, Stanislao
669	Gegenbaur, Karl
670	Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard
671	Donati, Giovanni Battista
672	Lister, Joseph, Baron
673	Abel, Sir Frederick Augustus
674	Berthelot, Pierre Eugene Marcelin
675	Cohn, Ferdinand Julius
676	Butlerov, Alexander Mikhailovich
677	Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson	Engineering	(31 October 1828 – 27 May 1914) invented the incandescent light bulb
678	Stewart, Balfour
679	Pogson, Norman Robert
680	Kekulé von Stradonitz, Friedrich August
681	Hall, Asaph
682	Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville
683	Marey, Etienne Jules
684	Raoult, François-Marie
685	Meyer, Julius Lothar
686	Couper, Archibald Scott
687	Suess, Eduard
688	Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard
689	Hellriegel, Hermann	Biology	(1831–1895) Discovered that certain legumes were capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
690	Marsh, Othniel Charles	-	(October 29, 1831 – March 18, 1899) paleontologists in the American West.
691	Voit, Karl Von
692	Maxwell, James Clerk
693	Friedel, Charles
694	Otto, Nikolaus August
695	Crookes, Sir Wniiam
696	Clark, Alvan Graham
697	Wundt, Wilhelm Max
698	Cailletet, Louis Paul
699	Sachs, Julius von
700	Nordenskiold, Nils Adolf Erik
701	Waage, Peter
702	Bert, Paul
703	Nobel, Alfred Bemhard
704	Weismann, August Friedrich Leopold
705	Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich
706	Caro, Heinrich
707	Haeckel, Emst Heinrich Philippaugust
708	Daimler, Gottlieb Wilhelm
709	Plante, Gaston
710	Venn, John
711	Langley, Samuel Pierpont
712	Young, Charles Augustus
713	Newcomb, Simon
714	Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio
715	Stefan, Josef
716	Wislicenus, Johannes
717	Ringer, Sydney
718	Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von
719	Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman
720	Allbutt, Sir Thomas Clifford
721	Guldberg, Cato Maximilian
722	Waldeyer-Hartz, Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried Von
723	Draper, Henry
724	Proctor, Richard Anthony
725	Kühne, Wilhelm (Willy) Friedrich
726	Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik
727	Newlands, John Alexander Reina
728	Hyatt, John Wesley
729	Markovnikov, Vladimir Vasilevich
730	Morley, Edward Williams
731	Hitzig, Julius Eduard	Medicine	(Feb 6, 1838 – Aug 20, 1907) German physiologist.
732	Beilstein, Friedrich Konrad
733	Mach, Ernst
734	Perkin, Sir William Henry
735	Solvay, Ernest
736	Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul Emile
737	Zeppelin, Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich, Count von
738	Abbe, Cleveland
739	Winkler, Clemens Alexander
740	Gibbs, Josiah Willard
741	Crafts, James Mason
742	Przhevalsky, Nikolay Mikhaylovich
743	Chardonnet, Louis Marie Hilaire Bemigaud, Comte de
744	Kundt, August Adolph Eduard Eberhard
745	Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
746	Cleve, Per Teodor
747	Nilson, Lars Fredrik
748	Cope, Edward Drinker
749	Krafft-Ebing, Baron Richard Von
750	Kovalevski, Alexander Onufriyevich
751	Amagat, Emile Hilaire
752	Graebe, Karl James Peter
753	Dutton, Clarence Edward
754	James, William
755	Breuer, Josef
756	Flammarion, Nicolas Camille
757	Vogel, Hermann Carl
758	Linde, Karl Paul Gottfried Von
759	Dewar, Sir James
760	Rayleigh, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron
761	Ferrier, Sir David
762	Flemming, Walther
763	Gill, Sir David
764	Golgi, Camillo
765	Abney, Sir William de Wiveleslie
766	Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder
767	Koch, (Heinrich Hermann) Robert
768	Strasburger, Eduard Adolf
769	Boltzmann, Ludwig Edward
770	Miescher, Johann Friedrich
771	Manson, Sir Patrick
772	Cantor, Georg
773	Pfeffer, Wilhelm
774	Roentgen, Wilhelm Konrad
775	Mechnikov, Ilya Ilich
776	Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse	Medicine	discovered that the cause of malaria is a protozoan
777	Darwin, Sir George Howard
778	Lippmann, Gabriel Jonas
779	Wroblewski, Zygmunt Plorenty Von
780	Hall, Granvflle Stanley
781	Remsen, Ira
782	Beneden, Edouard Josephlouis-Marie Van
783	Pictet, Raoul Pierre
784	Pickering, Edward Charles
785	Westinghouse, George
786	Baumann, Eugen
787	Le Bel, Joseph Achille
788	Edison, Thomas Alva	-	(February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931)
789	Bell, Alexander Graham	-	(March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922)
790	Wallach, Otto
791	Langerhans, Paul
792	De Vries, Hugo Marie
793	Lilienthal, Otto
794	Eotvos, Roland, Baron von
795	Dorn, Friedrich Ernst
796	Meyer, Viktor
797	Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob
798	Rowland, Henry Augustus
799	Burbank, Luther
800	Klein, Christian Felix
801	Kjeldahl, Johann Gustav Christoffer
802	Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
803	Fleming, Sir John Ambrose
804	Kovalevsky, Sonya
805	Gaffky, Georg Theodor August
806	Heaviside, Oliver
807	Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert
808	Braun, Karl Ferdinand
809	Richet, Charles Robert
810	Righi, Augusto
811	Goldstein, Eugen
812	Le Chatelier, Henri Louis
813	Buchner, Hans Ernst Angass
814	Milne, John
815	Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius	Astronomy	(January 19, 1851 – June 18, 1922) the first discoverer of evidence for galactic rotation.
816	Chamberland, Charles Edouard
817	Beijerinck, Martinus Willem
818	Maunder, Edward Walter
819	Berliner, Emile
820	Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph
821	Fitzgerald, George Francis
822	Reed, Walter
823	Balfour, Francis Maitland
824	Frasch, Herman
825	Demarcay, Eugene Anatole
826	Lindemann, Carl Louis Ferdinandvon
827	Ramon Y Cajal, Santiago
828	Loffler, Friedrich August Johannes
829	van 't Hoff, Jacobus Henricus
830	Halsted, William Stewart
831	Moissan, Ferdinand Frederic Henri
832	Ramsay, Sir William
833	Fischer, Emil Hermann
834	Becquerel, Antoine Henri	Physics	discoverer of radioactivity, for which he won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics
835	Michelson, Albert Abraham	Physics	known for his work on the measurement of the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.
836	Schaeberle, John Martin
837	Thomson, Elihu
838	Petrie, Sir (William Matthew)Flinders	-	Egyptologist
839	Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
840	Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm
841	Gram, Hans Christian Joachim	Medicine	(1853–1938), inventor of the Gram stain.
842	Kossel, (Karl Martin Leonhard)Albrecht
843	Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike
844	Roux, Pierre Paul Emile
845	Ehrlich, Paul
846	Behring, Emil Adolf von'
847	Poincaré, Jules Henri
848	Rubner, Max
849	Carroll, James
850	Parsons, Sir Charles Algernon
851	Hampson, William	Engineering	(1854–1926) English inventor.
852	Eastman, George
853	Gorgas, William Crawford
854	Roozeboom, Hendrik Willem Bakhuis
855	Takamine, Jokichi
856	Sabatier, Paul
857	Rydberg, Johannes Robert
858	Elster, Johann Philipp Ludwig Julius	Physics	(1854–1920) – Studied Photoelectric effect. Produced first practical device for measuring intensity of light.
859	Neisser, Albert Ludwig Sigismund
860	Lowell, Percival
861	Teisserenc de Bort, Leon Philippe
862	Cross, Charles Frederick
863	Acheson, Edward Goodrich
864	Taylor, Frederick Winslow
865	Freud, Sigmund
866	Peary, Robert Edwin
867	Tesla, Nikola
868	Wilson, Edmund Beecher
869	Thomson, Sir Joseph John
870	Kitasato, Baron Shibasaburō
871	Mohorovicic, Andrija
872	Johannsen, Wilhelm Ludwig
873	Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf
874	Wagner Von Jauregg, Julius
875	Pearson, Karl
876	Ross, Sir Ronald
877	Abel, John Jacob
878	Binet, Alfred
879	Keeler, James Edward
880	Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich
881	Sherrington, Sir Charles Scott
882	Koller, Carl
883	Barnard, Edward Emerson
884	Dubois, Marie Eugene Francoisthomas
885	Pickering, William Henry
886	Diesel, Rudolf
887	Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig
888	Eijkman, Christiaan
889	Peano, Giuseppe
890	Auer, Karl, Baron Von Welsbach
891	Pupin, Michael Idvorsky
892	Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott
893	Bose, Sir Jagadis Chandra
894	Arrhenius, Svante August
895	Popov, Alexander Stepanovich
896	Loeb, Jacques
897	Curie, Pierre
898	Reid, Harry Fielding
899	Smith, Theobald
900	Osborne, Thomas Burr	Medicine	Discovered vitamin A.
901	Haffkine, Waldemar Mordecaiwolfs
902	Bayliss, Sir William Maddock
903	Buchner, Eduard
904	Einthoven, Willem	Medicine	(1860–1927) invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903
905	Barringer, Daniel Moreau
906	Villard, Paul Ulrich	Physics	discovered gamma rays in 1900
907	Sperry, Elmer Ambrose
908	Finsen, Niels Ryberg
909	Goldschmidt, Johann (Hans) Wilhelm
910	Guillaume, Charles Edouard
911	Whitehead, Alfred North
912	Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland
913	Bateson, William
914	Nansen, Fridtjof
915	Innes, Robert Thorburn Ayton
916	Kennelly, Arthur Edwin
917	Wiechert, Emil
918	Hilbert, David
919	Gullstrand, Allvar
920	Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton Von
921	Nef, John Ulric
922	Bragg, Sir William Henry
923	Boveri, Theodor
924	Vernadsky, Vladimir Ivanovich
925	Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
926	Love, Augustus Edward Hough
927	Wolf, Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius
928	Walden, Paul
929	Ford, Henry
930	Kipping, Frederic Stanley	-	(1863–1949). Pioneering work with silicone.
931	Baekeland, Leo Hendrik
932	Cannon, Annie Jump
933	Hall, Charles Martin
934	Wien, Wilhelm
935	Minkowski, Hermann
936	Nernst, Hermann Walther
937	Carver, George Washington
938	Correns, Karl Franz Joseph Erich
939	Ivanovsky, Dmitri Losifovich
940	Hartmann, Johannes Franz
941	Paschen, Louis Carl Heinrichfriedrich
942	Weiss, Pierre
943	Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf
944	Steinmetz, Charles Proteus
945	Zeeman, Pieter
946	Nagaoka, Hantaro
947	Harden, Sir Arthur
948	Leishman, Sir William Boog
949	Plaskett, John Stanley
950	Gomberg, Moses
951	Wasserman, August Von
952	Lebedev, Pyotr Nikolaevich
953	Miller, Dayton Clarence
954	Starling, Ernest Henry
955	Lazear, Jesse William
956	Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri
957	Morgan, Thomas Hunt
958	Fessenden, Reginald Aubrey
959	Broom, Robert
960	Werner, Alfred
961	Wright, Wilbur
962	Fabry, Charles
963	Douglass, Andrew Ellicott
964	Perrine, Charles Dillon
965	Curie, Marie Sklodowska
966	Ipatieff, Vladimir Nikolaevich
967	Sorensen, Soren Peter Lauritz	Chemistry	(1868–1939) introduced of the concept of pH
968	Richards, Theodore William	Chemistry	Won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements."
969	Millikan, Robert Andrews	Physics	Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement of the charge on the electron and for his work on the photoelectric effect.
970	Hayford, John Fillmore
971	Scott, Robert Falcon
972	Sabine, Wallace Clement Ware	Engineering	acoustical architect of Boston's Symphony Hall
973	Landsteiner, Kari	Medicine	noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood groups
974	Hale, George Ellery
975	Leavitt, Henrietta Swan
976	Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm
977	Haber, Fritz
978	Abegg, Richard Wilhelm Heinrich
979	Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees
980	Levene, Phoebus Aaron Theodor
981	Spemann, Hans
982	Pregl, Fritz
983	Poulsen, Valdemar	Engineering	developed a magnetic wire recorder (precursor to magnetic tape recording) in 1899.
984	Adler, Alfred
985	Honda, Kotaro
986	Bordet, Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent
987	Boltwood, Bertram Borden
988	Ivanov, IIya Ivanovich
989	Claude, Georges
990	Perrin, Jean Baptiste
991	Pope, Sir William Jackson
992	Ricketts, Howard Taylor
993	Grignard, François Auguste Victor
994	Bodenstein, Max
995	Wright, Orville
996	Rutherford, Ernest
997	Schaudinn, Fritz Richard
998	Cannon, Walter Bradford
999	Tschermak Von Seysenegg, Erich
1000	Langevin, Paul
1001	Travers, Morris William
1002	Urbain, Georges
1003	Moulton, Forest Ray
1004	Sitter, Willem de
1005	Russell, Bertrand Arthur William,3rd Earl
1006	Tsvett, Mikhail Semenovich
1007	Curtis, Heber Doust
1008	Amundsen, Roald Engelbregt
1009	Willstatter, Richard
1010	Duggar, Benjamin Minge
1011	Euler-Chelpin, Hans Karl Augustsimon Von
1012	d'Herelle, Felix Hubert	Medicine	(1873–1949) the co-discoverer of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)
1013	Sidgwick, Nevil Vincent
1014	Berger, Hans
1015	Loewi Otto
1016	Carrel, Alexis
1017	de Forest, Lee
1018	Hertzsprung, Ejnar
1019	Schwarzschild, Karl
1020	Coolidge, William David	-	(1873–1975)
1021	Coblentz, William Weber
1022	Harkins, William Draper
1023	Erlanger, Joseph
1024	Stark, Johannes
1025	Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo	Engineering	(1874–1937). 1909 Nobel prize for improvements in radio communications. (Increased range from 1.5 km to first transatlantic radio message on December 17, 1902.)
1026	Debierne, Andre Louis
1027	Goldberger, Joseph
1028	Bosch, Karl
1029	Blakeslee, Albert Francis
1030	Krogh, Schack August Steenberg
1031	Weizmann, Chaim
1032	Moniz, Antonio Caetano de Abreufreire Egas
1033	Michaelis, Leonor
1034	Dale, Sir Henry Hallett
1035	Jung, Carl Gustav
1036	Sherman, Henry Clapp	Medicine	(1875–1955) Developed methods for measuring vitamin content of food.
1037	Lewis, Gilbert Newton	Chemistry	known for the discovery of the covalent bond
1038	Slipher, Vesto Melvin
1039	Diels, Otto Paul Hermann
1040	Barany, Robert
1041	Yerkes, Robert Meams
1042	Keesom, Willem Hendrik
1043	Stock, Alfred
1044	Kettering, Charles Franklin
1045	Adams, Walter Sydney
1046	Windaus, Adolf
1047	Sutton, Walter Stanborough
1048	Wieland, Heinrich Otto
1049	Barkla, Charles Glover
1050	Beebe, Charles William
1051	Aston, Francis William
1052	Soddy, Frederick
1053	Jeans, Sir James Hopwood
1054	Avery, Oswald Theodore
1055	Twort, Frederick William
1056	Russell, Henry Norris
1057	Watson, John Broadus
1058	Nieuwland, Julius Arthur
1059	Whipple, George Hoyt
1060	Meitner, Lise
1061	Bronsted, Johannes Nicolaus
1062	Mccollum, Elmer Verner
1063	Hahn, Otto
1064	Einstein, Albert
1065	Schmidt, Bernhard Voldemar
1066	Richardson, Sir Owen Willans
1067	Rous, Francis Peyton
1068	Laue, Max Theodor Felix von
1069	Woolley, Sir Charles Leonard
1070	Gesell, Arnold Lucius	Medicine	(21 June 1880 – 29 May 1961) was a psychologist and pediatrician who was a pioneer in the field of child development.
1071	Wegener, Alfred Lothar
1072	Langmuir, Irving
1073	Hess, Walter Rudolf
1074	Staudinger, Hermann
1075	Karman, Theodore Von
1076	Fischer, Hans
1077	Fleming, Sir Alexander
1078	Davisson, Clinton Joseph
1079	Barkhausen, Heinrich
1080	Bridgman, Percy Williams
1081	Franck, James
1082	Geiger, Hans Wilhelm	Physics	(1882–1945) Perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus.
1083	Goddard, Robert Hutchings	Engineering	On March 16, 1926, he became the first person to build and launch a liquid-fueled rocket.
1084	Born, Max
1085	Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley
1086	Burt, Sir Cyril Lodowic
1087	Haworth, Sir Walter Norman
1088	Hess, Victor Francis	Physics	discovered cosmic rays.
1089	Warburg, Otto Heinrich
1090	Smith, Philip Edward
1091	Andrews, Roy Chapman
1092	Piccard, August
1093	Funk, Casimir
1094	Debye, Peter Joseph Wilhelm
1095	Meyerhof, Otto Fritz
1096	Black, Davidson
1097	Svedberg, Theodor H. E.
1098	Bergius, Friedrich Karl Rudolf
1099	Rorschach, Hermann
1100	Hevesy, Győrgy
1101	Bohr, Niels Henrik David
1102	Shapley, Harlow
1103	Minot, George Richards
1104	Williams, Robert Runnels
1105	Kendall, Edward Calvin
1106	Dempster, Arthur Jeffrey
1107	Robinson, Sir Robert
1108	Hill, Archibald Vivian
1109	Trumpler, Robert Julius
1110	Frisch, Karl Von
1111	Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg
1112	Kohler, Wolfgang
1113	Keilin, David
1114	Rose, William Cumming
1115	Houssay, Bernardo Alberto
1116	Hertz, Gustav Ludwig
1117	Schrödinger, Erwin
1118	Paneth, Priedrich Adolf
1119	Ružicka, Leopold Stephen
1120	Sumner, James Batcheller
1121	Moseley, Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys
1122	Vavilov, Nikolay Ivanovich
1123	Goldschmidt, Victor Moritz
1124	Stern, Otto
1125	Friedmann, Alexander Alexandrovich
1126	Gasser, Herbert Spencer
1127	Zernicke, Fritz
1128	Waksman, Selman Abraham	Engineering	1953 Nobel laureate for his invention of the phase contrast microscope,
1129	Byrd, Richard Evelyn
1130	Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata
1131	Karrer, Paul
1132	Midgley, Thomas, Jr.
1133	Gutenberg, Beno
1134	Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma	-	(July 30, 1889 – July 29, 1982)
1135	Coster, Dirk
1136	Hubble, Edwin Powell
1137	Adrian, Edgar Douglas, Baron
1138	Holmes, Arthur
1139	Bush, Vannevar
1140	Jones, Sir Harold Spencer
1141	Henry, Sir William Lawrence
1142	Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
1143	Armstrong, Edwin Howard
1144	Heyrovsky, Jaroslav
1145	Muller, Hermann Joseph
1146	Bothe, Walther Wilhelm Georg Franz
1147	Jeffreys, Sir Harold
1148	Northrop, John Howard
1149	Humason, Milton La Salle
1150	Chadwick, Sir James	Physics	(1891–1974). Nobel laureate in physics awarded for his discovery of the neutron.
1151	Nicholson, Seth Barnes
1152	Banting, Sir Frederick Grant	Medicine	one of the co-discoverers of insulin.
1153	Sturtevant, Alfred Henry
1154	Murphy, William Parry
1155	Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander
1156	Thomson, Sir George Paget
1157	de Broglie, Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, Prince
1158	Appleton, Sir Edward Victor
1159	Compton, Arthur Holly
1160	Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
1161	Larson, John Augustus	Engineering	inventor of the polygraph
1162	Dart, Raymond Arthur
1163	Baade, Walter
1164	Urey, Harold Clayton
1165	Simon, Sir Franz Eugen Francis
1166	Noddack, Walter Karl Friedrich
1167	Szent-Győrgyi, Albert
1168	Opik, Ernst Julius
1169	Doisy, Edward Adelbert
1170	Bose, Satyendra Nath
1171	Oparin, Alexander Ivanovich
1172	Oberth, Hermann Julius
1173	Kapitza, Peter Leonidovich
1174	Lemaitre, Abbe Georges Edouard
1175	Wiener, Norbert
1176	Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
1177	Dam, Carl Peter Henrik
1178	Giauque, William Francis
1179	Minkowski, Rudolph Leo B.
1180	Tamm, Igor Yevgenyevich
1181	Cournand, Andre Frederic
1182	Rhine, Joseph Banks
1183	Domagk, Gerhard
1184	Richards, Dickinson W.
1185	Lindblad, Bertil
1186	Milne, Edward Arthur
1187	Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke
1188	Hench, Philip Showalter
1189	Semenov, Nikolay Nikolaevich
1190	Carothers, Wallace Hume
1191	Mulliken, Robert Sanderson
1192	Cori, Gerty Theresa Radnitz
1193	King, Charles Glen
1194	Cori, Carl Ferdinand
1195	Enders, John Franklin
1196	Lyot, Bernard Ferdinand
1197	Hassel, Odd
1198	Cockcroft, Sir John Douglas
1199	Wittig, Georg Friedrich Karl
1200	Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril Norman
1201	Reichstein, Tadeusz
1202	Wyckoff, Ralph Walter Graystone
1203	Struve, Otto
1204	Joliot-Curie, Irene
1205	Bjerknes, Jacob Aall Bonnevie,
1206	Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford
1207	Blackett, Patrick Maynard Stuart
1208	Szilard, Leo
1209	Zwicky, Fritz
1210	Astbury, William Thomas
1211	Schoenheimer, Rudolf
1212	Rabi, Isidor Isaac	Physics	Nobel laureate in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance.
1213	Florey, Howard
1214	Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
1215	Ziegler, Karl
1216	Müller, Paul Hermann
1217	Theiler, Max
1218	Best, Charles Herbert	Medicine	He was one of the co-discoverers of insulin.
1219	Van Vleck, John Hasbrouck
1220	Bekesy, Georg Von
1221	Lipmann, Fritz Albert
1222	Claude, Albert
1223	Burnet, Sir Frank Macfariane
1224	Dobzhansky, Theodosius
1225	Rickover, Hyman George
1226	London, Fritz Wolfgang
1227	Joliot-Curie, Frederic
1228	Pauli, Wolfgang
1229	Oort, Jan Hendrik
1230	Gabor, Dennis	Physics	inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
1231	Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf
1232	Granit, Ragnar Arthur
1233	Kuhn, Richard
1234	Uhlenbeck, George Eugene
1235	Dubos, Rene Jules
1236	Pauling, Linus Carl
1237	Menzel, Donald Howard
1238	Hinton, Christopher, Baron	Engineering	nuclear engineer, and supervisor of the construction of Calder Hall, the world's first large-scale commercial nuclear power station.
1239	Du Vigneaud, Vincent
1240	Elvehjem, Conrad Arnold
1241	Lawrence, Ernest Orlando
1242	Huggins, Charles Branton
1243	Fermi, Enrico
1244	Oliphant, Marcus Laurence Elwin
1245	Heisenberg, Werner Karl
1246	Van de Graaf, Robert Jemison
1247	van de Kamp, Peter
1248	Morgenstern, Oskar
1249	Lindbergh, Charles Augustus
1250	Brattain, Walter Houser	Engineering	along with John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the transistor.
1251	Strassman, Fritz
1252	Kastler, Alfred
1253	Lwoff, Andre Michael
1254	Alder, Kurt
1255	Goudsmtt, Samuel Abraham
1256	Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice
1257	Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin
1258	Brouwer, Dirk
1259	Spedding, Frank Harold	Chemistry	chemist who developed an ion exchange procedure for separating rare earth elements, purifying uranium, and separating isotopes of elements.
1260	Wigner, Eugene Paul
1261	Kurchatov, Igor Vasilevich
1262	Eccles, Sir John Carew
1263	Natta, Giulio
1264	Boyd, William Clouser
1265	Butenandt, Adolf Friedrich Johann
1266	Pincus, Gregory
1267	Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor
1268	Leakey, Louis Seymour Bazett
1269	Walton, Ernest Thomas Sinton
1270	Beadle, George Wells
1271	Lorenz, Konrad
1272	Onsager, Lars
1273	Neumann, John Von
1274	Powell, Cecil Frank
1275	Snell, George Davis
1276	Hartline, Haldan Keffer
1277	Bittner, John Joseph
1278	Gamow, George
1279	Elsasser, Walter Maurice
1280	Oppenheimer, J. Robert
1281	Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseyevich
1282	Stanley, Wendeu Meredith
1283	Forssman, Werner
1284	Frisch, Otto Robert
1285	Neel, Louis Eugene Felix
1286	Herzberg, Gerhard
1287	Segre, Emilio
1288	Von Euler, Ulf Svante
1289	Rossi, Bruno Benedetto
1290	Wildt, Rupert
1291	Chargapf, Erwin	-	(1905–2002)
1292	Anderson, Carl David	Physics	best known for discovering the positron in 1932, an achievement for which he received the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics, and of the muon in 1936.
1293	Ochoa, Severo
1294	Mott, Sir Nevill Francis
1295	Jansky, Karl Guthe
1296	Bloch, Felix
1297	Kuiper, Gerard Peter
1298	Morgan, William Wilson
1299	Tombaugh, Clyde William	Astronomy	(1906–1997) best known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930
1300	Tomonaga, Shin'ichiro
1301	Godel, Kurt
1302	Bok, Bart Jan
1303	Ewing, William Maurice
1304	Hess, Harry Hammond
1305	Craig, Lyman Creighton	Medicine	(1908–1974), biochemist known for isolating parathyroid hormone.
1306	Chain, Ernst Boris
1307	Goeppert-Mayer, Maria
1308	Bethe, Hans Albrecht
1309	Schaefer, Vincent Joseph
1310	Prelog, Vladimir
1311	Sabin, Albert Bruce
1312	Folkers, Kari August
1313	Delbrück, Max
1314	Leloir, Luis Frederico
1315	Ley, Willy
1316	Edlen, Bengt
1317	Whipple, Fred Lawrence
1318	Wald, George
1319	Goldmark, Peter Carl
1320	Wilkins, Robert Wallace
1321	Zinn, Walter Henry
1322	Ruska, Ernst August Friedrich
1323	Yukawa, Hideki
1324	Veksler, Vladimir Losifovich
1325	Bovet, Daniele
1326	Tinbergen, Nikolaas
1327	Jensen, Johannes Hans Daniel
1328	Mauchly, John William
1329	Mcmillan, Edwin Mattison
1330	Dunning, John Ray
1331	Todd, Alexander Robertus, Baron
1332	Teller, Edward
1333	Landau, Lev Davidovich
1334	Bardeen, John
1335	Alfvén, Hannes Olof Gosta
1336	Kozyrev, Nikolai Alexandrovich
1337	Bawden, Sir Frederick Charles
1338	Ambartzumian, Victoramazaspovich
1339	Williams, Robley Cook
1340	Frank, Ilya Mikhaylovich
1341	Hershey, Alfred Day
1342	Libby, Willard Frank
1343	Artsimovich, Lev Andreevich
1344	Land, Edwin Herbert
1345	Greenstein, Jesse Leonard
1346	Tatum, Edward Lawrie
1347	Monod, Jacques Lucien
1348	Shockley, William Bradford
1349	Walter, William Grey
1350	Martin, Archer John Porter
1351	Pierce, John Robinson
1352	Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot
1353	Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
1354	Flory, Paul John
1355	Fraenkel-Conrat, Heinz
1356	Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan
1357	Roberts, Richard Brooke	Physics	physicist and biophysicist, participated in the experiment in which the splitting of the uranium atom was first observed in 1939.
1358	Shemin, David
1359	Katz, Sir Bernard
1360	Lynen, Feodor
1361	Calvin, Melvin
1362	Goldhaber, Maurice
1362	Blanchard, Jean Pierre François
1363	Alvarez, Luis Walter
1364	Mueller, Erwin Wilhelm
1365	Stein, William Howard
1366	Wheeler, John Archibald
1367	Kerst, Donald William
1368	Reber, Grote
1369	Bloch, Konrad Emil
1370	Braun, Wernher Magnus Maximilian von
1371	Fox, Sidney Walter
1372	Seaborg, Glenn Theodore
1373	Brown, Herbert Charles
1374	Axelrod, Julius
1375	Turing, Alan Mathison
1376	Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich, Baron von
1377	Luria, Salvador Edward
1378	Purcell, Edward Mills
1379	Moore, Stanford
1380	Palade, George Emil
1381	Flerov, Georgii Nikolaevich
1382	Li, Choh Hao
1383	Abelson, Philip Hauge
1384	Chance, Britton
1385	Kamen, Martin David
1386	Lovell, Sir Alfred Charles Bernard
1387	Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd
1388	Dulbecco, Renato
1389	Perutz, Max Ferdinand
1390	Spitzer, Lyman, Jr.
1391	Vonnegut, Bernard
1392	Van Allen, James Alfred
1393	Salk, Jonas Edward
1394	Synge, Richard Laurence Millington
1395	Hofstadter, Robert
1396	Medawar, Sir Peter Brian
1397	Weller, Thomas Huckle
1398	Hoyle, Sir Fred
1399	Barghoorn, Elso Sterrenberg
1400	Townes, Charles Hard
1401	Hillier, James
1402	Sutherland, Earl Wilbur, Jr.
1403	Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer
1404	Shannon, Claude Elwood
1405	Dicke, Robert Henry
1406	Crick, Francis Harry Compton	Medicine	(1916–2004) most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953,
1407	Friedman, Herbert
1408	Shklovskii, Losif Samuilovich
1409	Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich
1410	Robbins, Frederick Chapman
1411	Dausset, Jean
1412	O'keefe, John Aloysius
1413	Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick
1414	Prigogine, Ilya
1415	Kendrew, John Cowdery
1416	Woodward, Robert Burns
1417	Cornforth, Sir John Warcup
1418	De Duve, Christian Rene
1419	Huxley, Andrew Fielding
1420	Rainwater, Leo James
1421	Schwinger, Julian Seymour
1422	Kornberg, Arthur
1423	Reines, Frederick
1424	Feynman, Richard Philips
1425	Matthias, Bern Teo
1426	Sanger, Frederick
1427	Barton, Sir Derek Harold Richard
1428	Ryle, Sir Martin
1429	Fischer, Ernst Otto
1430	Van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffell
1431	Eckert, John Presper, Jr.
1432	Hillary, Sir Edmund Percival
1433	Bondi, Sir Hermann
1434	Cowan, Clyde Lorrain
1435	Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr.
1436	Bloembergen, Nicolaas
1437	Gold, Thomas
1438	Jacob, François
1439	Chamberlain, Owen
1440	Franklin, Rosalind Elsie
1441	Mitchell, Peter Dennis
1442	Benacerraf, Baruj
1443	Porter, George
1444	Sakharov, Andrey Dmitriyevich
1445	Wilkinson, Sir Geoffrey
1446	Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman
1447	Hoagland, Mahlon Bush
1448	Khorana, Har Gobind
1449	Holley, Robert William
1450	Bohr, Aage Niels
1451	Yang, Chen Ning
1452	Barnard, Christiaan Neethling	Medicine	(1922–2001) cardiac surgeon, famous for performing the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant.
1453	Basov, Nikolai Gennadievich
1454	Fitch, Val Logsden
1455	Franklin, Kenneth Linn
1456	Gajdusek, Daniel Carieton
1457	Ponnamperuma, Cyril
1458	Anderson, Philip Warren
1459	Dyson, Freeman John
1460	Gubllemin, Roger
1461	Cormack, Allan MacLeod
1462	Heezen, Bruce Charles
1463	Hewish, Anthony
1464	Esaki, Leo
1465	Ne'eman, Yuval
1466	Lederberg, Joshua
1467	Blumberg, Baruch Samuel
1468	Salam, Abdus
1469	Sandage, Allan Rex
1470	Berg, Paul
1471	Mottelson, Ben Roy
1472	Glaser, Donald Arthur
1473	Lee, Tsung-Dao
1474	Schally, Andrew Victor
1475	O'Neill, Gerard Kitchen
1476	Nirenberg, Marshau Warren
1477	Eigen, Manfred
1478	Parker, Eugene Newman
1479	Maiman, Theodore Harold
1480	Watson, James Dewey
1481	Hawkins, Gerald Stanley
1482	Nathans, Daniel
1483	Mossbauer, Rudolf Ludwig
1484	Giaever, Ivar
1485	Arber, Werner
1486	Edelman, Gerald Maurice
1487	Gell-Mann, Murray
1488	Schmidt, Maarten
1489	Cooper, Leon N.
1490	Miller, Stanley Lloyd
1491	Drake, Frank Donald
1492	Armstrong, Neil Alden
1493	Richter, Burton
1494	I Miller, Jacques Francis Albert Pierre
1495	Schrieffer, John Robert
1496	Smith, Hamilton Othanel
1497	Cronin, James Watson
1498	Gilbert, Walter
1499	Bartlett, Neil
1500	Glashow, Sheldon Lee
1501	Penzias, Amo Allan
1502	Weinberg, Steven
1502	Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich
1504	Sagan, Carl
1505	Temin, Howard Martin
1506	Wilson, Robert Woodrow
1507	Ting, Samuel C. C.
1508	Baltimore, David
1509	Josephson, Brian David
1510	Hawking, Stephen William

References

1. "Anaximander" in Chambers's Encyclopædia . London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 403.
2. Lindberg, David C. “The Greeks and the Cosmos.” The Beginnings of Western Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 28.
3. Graham, Daniel W. "Anaximenes". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
4. "Xenophanes". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
5. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Heraclitus"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–310.
6. Aristotle with W. D. Ross, ed., The Works of Aristotle ... (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1931), vol. III, Meteorologica, E. W. Webster, trans., Book 1, Part 8, pp. 39–40 Archived April 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine  : "(2) Anaxagoras, Democritus, and their schools say that the milky way is the light of certain stars."
7. "The most likely date for Philolaus' birth would then appear to be around 470, although he could have been born as early as 480 or as late as 440. He appears to have lived into the 380s and at the very least until 399." Carl A. Huffman, (1993) Philolaus of Croton: Pythagorean and Presocratic, pages 5–6. Cambridge University Press
8. Barnes (1987).
9. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Socrates"  . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
10. "Hippocrates". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation. 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-10-29.
11. "...the subject of philosophy, as it is often conceived—a rigorous and systematic examination of ethical, political, metaphysical, and epistemological issues, armed with a distinctive method—can be called his invention" (Kraut, Richard (11 September 2013). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Plato". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved 3 April 2014.)
12. Acott, Chris (1999). "The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal . 29 (1). ISSN   0813-1988. OCLC   16986801. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
13. During Newton's lifetime, two calendars were in use in Europe: the Julian ("Old Style") calendar in protestant and Orthodox regions, including Britain; and the Gregorian ("New Style") calendar in Roman Catholic Europe. At Newton's birth, Gregorian dates were ten days ahead of Julian dates: thus his birth is recorded as taking place on 25 December 1642 Old Style, but can be converted to a New Style (modern) date of 4 January 1643. By the time of his death, the difference between the calendars had increased to eleven days: moreover, he died in the period after the start of the New Style year on 1 January, but before that of the Old Style new year on 25 March. His death occurred on 20 March 1726 according to the Old Style calendar, but the year is usually adjusted to 1727. A full conversion to New Style gives the date 31 March 1727. See Thony, Christie (2015) Calendrical confusion or just when did Newton die?, The Renaissance Mathematicus, retrieved 20 March 2015 from https://thonyc.wordpress.com/2015/03/20/calendrical-confusion-or-just-when-did-newton-die/
14. sächsische Biografie (in German)
15. Hoskin, M. (ed.) (2003) Caroline Herschel's autobiographies, Science History Publications Cambridge, p. 13, ISBN   0905193067.