Cass County, Missouri

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Cass County
Cass County Missouri Courthouse 20191026-6991.jpg
County courthouse in Harrisonville
Cass County, Missouri flag.png
Map of Missouri highlighting Cass County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Missouri
Missouri in United States.svg
Missouri's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°39′N94°21′W / 38.65°N 94.35°W / 38.65; -94.35
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Missouri.svg  Missouri
FoundedMarch 3, 1835
Named for Lewis Cass
Seat Harrisonville
Government
  County CommissionPresiding Commissioner Bob Huston

Associate Commissioner Monty Kisner

Associate Commissioner Jimmy Odom
Area
  Total702 sq mi (1,820 km2)
  Land697 sq mi (1,810 km2)
  Water5.7 sq mi (15 km2)  0.8%
Population
 (2020)
  Total107,824
  Density150/sq mi (59/km2)
Time zone UTC−6 (Central)
  Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district 4th
Website www.casscounty.com

Cass County is a county located in the western part of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,824. [1] Its county seat is Harrisonville; however, the county contains a portion of Kansas City, Missouri. [2] The county was organized in 1835 as Van Buren County, but was renamed in 1849 after U.S. Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan, who later became a presidential candidate. [3] [4]

Contents

History

The Harrisonville area was long inhabited by speakers of the Dhegihan Siouan-language family: The Osage, Quapaw, Omaha, Ponca and Kansa tribes make up this sub-group. The Kansa tribal range extended southward from the Kansas-Missouri River junction as far as the northern edge of present-day Bates County, Missouri, taking in the sites of modern Pleasant Hill, Garden City, Archie and Drexel. On their southeastern border they were neighbors of the Osage. There is no evidence that either of these tribes ever had a truly permanent settlement in the territory of Cass County.

Other historical tribes in the area were reportedly Shawnee and Lenape (aka Delaware), whose tribes spoke related Algonquian languages. The Lenape had been pushed to the Midwest from their territory along the mid-Atlantic coast by continuous white encroachment. [5]

In 1818 the United States had granted land to the Lenape in southern Missouri Territory, but they were forced to cede it back in 1825, after Missouri became a state. At that time, they were removed to a reservation in Kansas. Other Lenape had previously migrated south to Texas, seeking refuge in what was still Mexican territory after it gained independence from Spain. Those who remained in the Harrisonville area were close relatives of the Sauk, Fox and Kickapoo tribes.

The early camp meetings held by European-American settlers southwest of Harrisonville often attracted as many as 500 Indians, in addition to Europeans. They seemed to enjoy the enthusiastic religious services, accompanied by hymn singing and socializing, as much as the white settlers did. [5]

The first European-American settler on the site of modern Harrisonville was James Lackey in 1830. Other early settlers were Humphrey Hunt, John Blythe, and Dr. Joseph Hudspeth. Lackey was considered a "squatter," as he built a cabin and enclosed a small field on the tract of public land taken to establish the county seat.

The site of the town was fixed under an act of the Missouri General Assembly in 1835, by David Waldo of Lafayette County and Samuel Hink and William Brown, both of Jackson County. In the same year, the first court met for the county, known as Van Buren County. Justices James McClellan and William Savage met in McClellan's residence about three miles (4.8 km) southeast of Peculiar on September 14, 1835. William Lyon was appointed clerk of the court and county government was organized, including the establishment of Grand River Township.

In the spring of 1837 the town of Harrisonville was platted by Enoch Rice, Francis Prine and Welcome Scott, who had been appointed commissioners by the state legislature in the winter of 1836. These commissioners, in company with Martin Rice, the county surveyor, met at the home of John Cook on April 3, 1837, to resolve Lackey's preemption claim. In May they laid off the town in lots 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the northeast and northwest quarters of Section 4, Township 44N., Range 31W. Within these 160 acres (0.65 km2) there were to be four streets: Wall and Pearl running east to west, and Lexington and Independence going north and south, each less than 40 feet wide. Fleming Harris was appointed town commissioner on April 8, 1837. The first town lots were sold on June 12 of that year; those facing the public square sold at $20 each, the others at $10.

"Democrat" was strongly urged as a name for the new town but was finally rejected. The town was named after U.S. Representative Albert G. Harrison from Missouri. The first house within the town was erected by Jason L. Dickey in 1836. The first jail in Harrisonville and second for Cass County was established in 1838. Its site was 312 S. Independence. One of its successors is recognized among the state's historic sites.

On October 8, 1835, the first church in Harrisonville was organized. Its site was two miles southwest of town and it was known as Hopewell or New Hope Baptist.

Harrisonville eventually was served by railroad lines known as the Missouri Pacific and the Frisco. After a scandal in funding railroad construction by the issuance of bonds, three men involved in the swindle were shot and killed by a mob on April 24, 1872, when their train was stopped on a Katy railroad spur. This became known as the "Gunn City Massacre" because it took place near that city.

In 1857 Cass County had approved a large stock subscription for the Pacific Railroad Company, to support its construction in the area. This corporation later surrendered the bonds to the new Saint Louis and Santa Fe Railroad, from whence they were later assigned to the Land Grant Railroad & Construction Company of New York City. Residents of Cass County gained a court injunction in an effort to prevent the funding of these bonds, but by legal maneuvering and collusion, the company gained a new set of bonds, issued secretly.

The populace was outraged, believing this maneuver was intended to benefit the holders of the now worthless bonds, by re-obligating the county to pay those same bonds. The county attorney, a judge of the county court, and a third man involved in the scandal were shot and killed while on a train stopped between Bryson, Missouri and Paola, Kansas. (It was in or near what is now known as Gunn City). Afterward some 41 men were arrested as suspects and prosecuted for these killings, but none was convicted. At the time of the shootings, a related mob burned a Republican newspaper owned by Porter J. Coston, in Harrisonville, Missouri. [6] [7]

By 1860, the year before the Civil War, 12 cities in Missouri had populations of approximately 2,500 or more. Harrisonville ranked 37th, with a population of 675. In 1863 the town was depopulated, as the United States forces pushed the people out in an effort to reduce any local support for insurgent guerrilla activity in the area. Most of the buildings were burned, the jail among them. Fort Harrisonville was a Union stronghold for a brief period in 1863 and provided protection for loyal Union families.

Some of the county's local history is presented at the Pleasant Hill Historical Society Museum, in Pleasant Hill on the northern edge of the county.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 702 square miles (1,820 km2), of which 697 square miles (1,810 km2) is land and 5.7 square miles (15 km2) (0.8%) is water. [8]

Adjacent counties

Major highways

Transit

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1840 4,693
1850 6,09029.8%
1860 9,79460.8%
1870 19,29697.0%
1880 22,43116.2%
1890 23,3013.9%
1900 23,6361.4%
1910 22,973−2.8%
1920 21,536−6.3%
1930 20,962−2.7%
1940 19,534−6.8%
1950 19,325−1.1%
1960 29,70253.7%
1970 39,74833.8%
1980 51,02928.4%
1990 63,80825.0%
2000 82,09228.7%
2010 99,47821.2%
2020 107,8248.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [9]
1790-1960 [10] 1900-1990 [11]
1990-2000 [12] 2010-2020 [1]

As of the census [13] of 2000, there were 82,092 people, 30,168 households, and 22,988 families residing in the county. The population density was 117 inhabitants per square mile (45/km2). There were 31,677 housing units at an average density of 45 units per square mile (17/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 95.62% White, 1.42% Black or African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. Approximately 2.21% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 30,168 households, out of which 38.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.60% were married couples living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.80% were non-families. 20.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.40% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 30.20% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $49,562, and the median income for a family was $55,258. Males had a median income of $39,001 versus $26,174 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,073. About 4.20% of families and 5.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.00% of those under age 18 and 5.20% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Cass County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the Bible Belt, with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Cass County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (43.71%), Roman Catholics (17.42%), and United Methodists (11.07%).

2020 Census

Cass County Racial Composition [14]
RaceNum.Perc.
White (NH)89,40683%
Black or African American (NH)4,9044.6%
Native American (NH)5020.47%
Asian (NH)8410.8%
Pacific Islander (NH)780.07%
Other/Mixed (NH)6,5106%
Hispanic or Latino 5,5835.2%

Education

Public schools

School districts include: [15]

Elementary school districts:

Individual schools

Private schools

Public libraries

Politics

Local

Local politics are controlled by the Republican Party in Cass County.

Cass County, Missouri
Elected countywide officials
Assessor Roger Raffety Republican
Auditor Jack Bondon Republican
Circuit Clerk Kim York Republican
County Clerk Jeff Fletcher Republican
Collector Chris Molendorp Republican
Commissioner
(Presiding)
Bob Huston Republican
Commissioner
(District 1)
Monty Kisner Republican
Commissioner
(District 2)
Ryan Johnson Republican
Prosecuting Attorney Ben Butler Republican
Public Administrator Randy Jones Republican
Recorder Mike Medsker Republican
Sheriff Jeff Weber Republican
Treasurer Steve Cheslik Republican

State

Past Gubernatorial Elections Results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2020 64.80%37,02532.85% 18,7702.36% 1,347
2016 56.05%28,57140.64% 20,7133.31% 1,688
2012 49.19%23,83747.81% 23,1683.00% 1,454
2008 45.77% 22,59252.18%25,7542.05% 1,010
2004 53.53%23,53844.97% 19,7721.49% 659
2000 52.74%18,77745.18% 16,0842.08% 742
1996 38.32% 11,03859.21%17,0552.47% 710

Cass County is split between five legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives, four of which are held by Republicans and one by a Democrat.

Missouri House of Representatives — District 33 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Chris Sander9,421100.00%+28.55
Missouri House of Representatives — District 33 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Donna Pfautsch6,14071.45%+1.39
Democratic Pat Williams2,45328.55%-1.39
Missouri House of Representatives — District 37 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican John D. Boyd, Jr.1,85258.66%+4.28
Democratic Annette Turnbaugh1,27540.39%-5.23
Green Daniel Karam300.95%+0.95
Missouri House of Representatives — District 37 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican John D. Boyd, Jr.1,22854.38%+54.38
Democratic Joe Runions1,03045.62%-54.38
Missouri House of Representatives — District 55 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Mike Haffner18,583100.00%±0.00
Missouri House of Representatives — District 55 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Mike Haffner13,557100.00%+36.63
Missouri House of Representatives — District 56 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Michael Davis10,78362.85%-37.15
Democratic Neal Barnes6,37437.15%+37.15
Missouri House of Representatives — District 56 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Jack Bondon10,622100.00%+31.40
Missouri House of Representatives — District 57 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Rodger Reedy1,824100.00%+29.97
Missouri House of Representatives — District 57 — Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Rodger Reedy1,09670.03%+3.72
Democratic Joan Shores46929.97%-3.72

All of Cass County is a part of Missouri's 31st District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Rick Brattin (R-Harrisonville).

Missouri Senate — District 31 — Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Rick Brattin37,67567.21%-5.50
Democratic Raymond Kinney18,37932.79%+32.79
Missouri Senate — District 31 — Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Ed Emery34,93472.71%+9.68
Libertarian Lora Young7,16814.92%+14.92
Independent Tim Wells5,94412.37%+12.37

Federal

All of Cass County is included in Missouri's 4th Congressional District and is currently represented by Vicky Hartzler (R-Harrisonville) in the U.S. House of Representatives. Hartzler was elected to a sixth term in 2020 over Democratic challenger Lindsey Simmons.

U.S. House of Representatives – Missouri’s 4th Congressional District – Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Vicky Hartzler38,18567.45%+3.71
Democratic Lindsey Simmons17,05030.12%-3.61
Libertarian Steven K. Koonse1,3802.44%-0.09
U.S. House of Representatives – Missouri's 4th Congressional District – Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Vicky Hartzler27,73763.74%-5.87
Democratic Renee Hoagenson14,67733.73%+7.48
Libertarian Mark Bliss1,1002.53%-1.61

Cass County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U.S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R-Columbia) and Roy Blunt (R-Strafford).

U.S. Senate – Class I – Cass County (2018)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Josh Hawley25,86159.02%+14.45
Democratic Claire McCaskill16,34037.29%-9.50
Independent Craig O'Dear7461.70%
Libertarian Japheth Campbell5951.36%-7.28
Green Jo Crain2740.63%+0.63

Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then-Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander.

U.S. Senate — Class III — Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Roy Blunt27,53254.12%+9.55
Democratic Jason Kander20,62840.55%-6.24
Libertarian Jonathan Dine1,5423.03%-5.61
Green Johnathan McFarland5941.17%+1.17
Constitution Fred Ryman5781.14%+1.14

Political culture

United States presidential election results for Cass County, Missouri [17]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.%No.%No.%
2020 37,19764.61%19,05233.09%1,3192.29%
2016 33,09864.38%14,84628.88%3,4666.74%
2012 30,91262.95%17,04434.71%1,1482.34%
2008 29,69558.99%19,84439.42%8021.59%
2004 27,25361.63%16,68137.73%2830.64%
2000 20,11356.07%14,92141.60%8352.33%
1996 13,49546.52%11,74340.48%3,77213.00%
1992 10,34934.61%10,24634.26%9,31031.13%
1988 12,79955.75%10,09243.96%670.29%
1984 14,45665.79%7,51734.21%00.00%
1980 10,10552.81%8,19842.85%8314.34%
1976 7,18243.98%9,00855.16%1400.86%
1972 9,24271.24%3,73128.76%00.00%
1968 5,27145.14%4,46838.26%1,93816.60%
1964 3,66535.50%6,65864.50%00.00%
1960 6,52353.29%5,71846.71%00.00%
1956 5,58950.06%5,57549.94%00.00%
1952 6,00054.04%5,08945.84%130.12%
1948 3,61439.96%5,41559.87%160.18%
1944 4,68751.84%4,34748.08%70.08%
1940 4,98347.55%5,47952.29%170.16%
1936 4,07041.31%5,73158.17%520.53%
1932 3,00934.01%5,77265.24%660.75%
1928 5,29959.11%3,64740.68%180.20%
1924 3,61042.17%4,70955.01%2422.83%
1920 4,05544.15%5,03054.76%1001.09%
1916 2,10437.95%3,33760.19%1031.86%
1912 1,03418.38%3,24757.70%1,34623.92%
1908 2,19339.84%3,14357.10%1683.05%
1904 2,37544.36%2,75051.36%2294.28%
1900 2,16237.85%3,35058.65%2003.50%
1896 2,22935.50%3,97563.31%751.19%
1892 1,90835.23%3,02755.89%4818.88%
1888 2,09540.03%3,01557.60%1242.37%

Cass County was, up to World War II, solidly Democratic rooted in its strong secessionist sympathies during the Civil War. However, since 1952 it has become a strongly Republican county in presidential elections. Cass County strongly favored Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. The last Democratic candidate to carry the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976.

Voters in Cass County generally adhere to socially and culturally conservative principles which tend to influence their Republican leanings. Despite Cass County's longstanding tradition of supporting socially conservative platforms, voters in the county have a penchant for advancing populist causes. In 2018, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition A) concerning right to work, the outcome of which ultimately reversed the right to work legislation passed in the state the previous year. 66.33% of Cass County voters cast their ballots to overturn the law.

Missouri presidential preference primaries

2020

The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On the Democratic side, former Vice President Joe Biden (D-Delaware) both won statewide and carried Cass County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeat President Donald Trump in the general election.

Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Joe Biden5,83963.43
Democratic Bernie Sanders2,89031.39
Democratic Tulsi Gabbard810.88
Democratic Others/Uncommitted3964.30

Incumbent President Donald Trump (R-Florida) faced a primary challenge from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld, but won both Cass County and statewide by overwhelming margins.

Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Cass County (2020)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Donald Trump5,22097.13
Republican Bill Weld340.63
Republican Others/Uncommitted1202.23

2016

The 2016 presidential primaries for both the Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. Businessman Donald Trump (R-New York) narrowly won the state overall, but Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas) carried a plurality of the vote in Cass County. Trump went on to win the nomination and the presidency.

Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Ted Cruz7,67243.39
Republican Donald Trump6,89138.98
Republican John Kasich1,6509.33
Republican Marco Rubio1,0646.02
Republican Others/Uncommitted4032.28

On the Democratic side, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D-New York) narrowly won statewide, but Senator Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) won a majority in Cass County.

Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Cass County (2016)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Bernie Sanders4,18752.07
Democratic Hillary Clinton3,76546.82
Democratic Others/Uncommitted891.11

2012

The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Cass County supported former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R-Pennsylvania), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to former Governor Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Santorum. Incumbent President Barack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election.

2008

In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, with Senator John McCain (R-Arizona) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination. However, former Governor Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) won a plurality in Cass County.

Missouri Republican Presidential Primary – Cass County (2008)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Republican Mitt Romney3,32432.55
Republican John McCain3,19531.28
Republican Mike Huckabee3,03329.70
Republican Ron Paul4774.67
Republican Others/Uncommitted1841.80

Then-Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Cass County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri, Barack Obama (D-Illinois), also a Senator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win the presidency.

Missouri Democratic Presidential Primary – Cass County (2008)
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Hillary Clinton6,50059.76
Democratic Barack Obama3,99536.73
Democratic Others/Uncommitted3823.51

Communities

Cities

Villages

Census-designated places

Unincorporated Communities

Notable people

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barry County, Missouri</span> County in Missouri, United States

Barry County is a county located in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,534. Its county seat is Cassville. The county was organized in 1835 and named after William Taylor Barry, a U.S. Postmaster General from Kentucky. The town of Barry, also named after the postmaster-general, was located just north of Kansas City, not in Barry County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew County, Missouri</span> County in Missouri, United States

Andrew County is a county located in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 18,135. Its county seat is Savannah. The county was organized January 29, 1841, and named for Andrew Jackson Davis, a lawyer and prominent citizen of St. Louis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleasant Hill, Missouri</span> City in Missouri, United States

Pleasant Hill is a city in Cass and Jackson counties, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,113 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kansas City metropolitan area</span> Metropolitan statistical area in the United States

The Kansas City metropolitan area is a bi-state metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri. Its 14 counties straddle the border between the U.S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With 8,472 square miles (21,940 km2) and a population of more than 2.2 million people, it is the second-largest metropolitan area centered in Missouri and is the largest metropolitan area in Kansas, though Wichita is the largest metropolitan area centered in Kansas. Alongside Kansas City, Missouri, these are the suburbs with populations above 100,000: Overland Park, Kansas; Kansas City, Kansas; Olathe, Kansas; Independence, Missouri; and Lee's Summit, Missouri.

The Raymore-Peculiar R-II School District (Ray-Pec) is a public school district with its headquarters in Peculiar, Missouri, United States. It is a suburban school district in a quickly developing area, and many new students are being enrolled.

References

  1. 1 2 "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Eaton, David Wolfe (1916). How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. The State Historical Society of Missouri. pp.  272.
  4. "Disappearing Missouri Names". The Kansas City Star. March 19, 1911. p. 15. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2014 via Newspapers.com.
  5. 1 2 The History of Cass and Bates Counties, Missouri. National Historical Company, Saint Joseph, Missouri. 1883. p. 272. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  6. Harrison, E.S. Nome and Seward: History, Biography, Descriptions, and Stories. Internet Archive. p. 337. Gunn City Massacre
  7. O'Flaherty, Daniel C. (1954). General Jo Shelby: Undefeated Rebel. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN   0-8078-4878-6. republished 2000
  8. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  9. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  10. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  11. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  12. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  14. "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Cass County, Missouri".
  15. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Cass County, MO" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022. - Text list
  16. Breeding, Marshall. "Cass County Public Library". Libraries.org. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  17. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 24, 2018.

Further reading