A list of political parties, organizations, and movements adhering to various forms of fascist ideology, part of the list of fascist movements by country.
Logo | Name of movement | Country of predominant operation | Came to power? | Founded post-World War II? | Active? | General influence | Flag | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch People's Union | Netherlands | No | Yes (1971) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
General Dutch Fascist League | Netherlands | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism | |||
National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands | Netherlands | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | Originated in 1931 as a fascist movement, converted to antisemitism and national-socialism in 1936-1937, never gained more than 8% of the Dutch voters | ||
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party | Netherlands | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | Broke away from NSB | ||
General Dutch Fascist League | Netherlands | No | No (1932) | No | Italian Fascism | |||
Black Front | Netherlands | No | No (1934) | No | Clerical fascism | |||
National Socialist Party of New Zealand | New Zealand | No | Yes (1969) | No | Nazism | |||
New Zealand National Front | New Zealand | No | Yes (1968) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Splinter group of the League of Empire Loyalists, not a fascist organization | ||
Unit 88 | New Zealand | No | Yes | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
Nasjonal Samling (NS) | Norway | Yes | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Founded and led by Vidkun Quisling. Formed German puppet government in Norway. Banned 1945. | ||
National Socialist Movement of Norway | Norway | No | Yes (1988) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
Norwegian Front (NF) | Norway | No | Yes (1975) | No | Neo-fascism [1] [2] | |||
Norwegian Germanic Army | Norway | No | Yes | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
Vigrid | Norway | No | Yes (1999) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
Brit HaBirionim | Palestine (British Mandate of Palestine) | No | No (1930) | No | Italian Fascism | Founded by of Dr. Abba Ahimeir, Uri Zvi Greenberg and Dr. Joshua Yeivin. | ||
Accion Comunal | Panama | Yes | No | Panameñism | Founded by Dr. Arnulfo Arias | |||
Falange Peru | Peru | No | Yes | ? | Falangism | official site | ||
Revolutionary Union | Peru | Yes | No (1931) | No | Independent | Founded by Peruvian President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro | ||
Ganap | Philippines | Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) | No (1941) | No | Far-right nationalism, fascism | Collaboratonist movement deriving from Sakdalista party | ||
KALIBAPI | Philippines | yes | No (1942) | No | Fascism [3] [4] [5] [6] | Collaborationist movement | ||
Makapili | Philippines | Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) | No (1941) | No | Far-right nationalism, fascism | Extreme nationalist, collaborationist movement, Anti-American party. | ||
Philippine Falange | Philippines | No | No (late 1930s) | No | Falangism | Branch of the Spanish Falange. Leadership positions held by influential Spanish businessmen. | ||
Camp of Great Poland (OWP) | Poland | No | No (1925) | No | Far-right nationalism | Founded and led by Roman Dmowski. Banned 1933 | ||
National Radical Camp (1934) (ONR) | Poland | No | No (1934) | No | Far-right nationalism | Splinter group of the National Party (SN), led by Jan Mosdorf. Banned soon after its establishment, in 1934. Splintered into ONR-ABC and RNR-Falanga. | ||
National Radical Camp-ABC (ONR-ABC) | Poland | No | No (1935) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism | Breakaway movement led by Henryk Rossman. During World War II ONR-ABC was transformed into a resistance movement called the "Rampart" Group. | ||
National Radical Movement-Falanga (RNR-Falanga) | Poland | No | No (1935) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism | Breakaway movement led by Bolesław Piasecki. Commonly known as the ONR-Falanga. During World War II RNR-Falanga was transformed into a resistance movement called the Confederation of the Nation (KN). | ||
Party of National Socialists (PNS) | Poland | No | No (1933) | No | National socialism (non-Nazi, anti-German) pl:Narodowy socjalizm (znaczenie ogólne) , [7] [8] Polish nationalism, Pan-Slavism [7] | Splinter group of The National Labour Party (NSP). | ||
National Radical Camp (ONR) | Poland | No | Yes (1993) | Yes | Far-right nationalism | Nationalist movement based on the tradition of a pre-war group of the same name. | ||
National Rebirth of Poland (NOP) | Poland | No | Yes (1981) | Yes | Far-right nationalism, third position | Led by Adam Gmurczyk. Party refers to the pre-war Polish national radical movements. | ||
National Socialist Workers Party (Poland) (NSPR) | Poland | No | No (1933) | No | National socialism (non-Nazi, anti-German) pl:Narodowy socjalizm (znaczenie ogólne) , [7] [8] Polish nationalism | |||
Young German Party in Poland (JDP) | Poland | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. | ||
German People's Union in Poland | Poland | No | No (1924) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. | ||
German Union for Western Poland (DV) | Poland | No | No (1934) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. | ||
National Action Movement | Portugal | No | Yes (1986) | No | Nazism | Inactive 1992 | ||
National Syndicalists | Portugal | No | No | No | independent | Banned by the Estado Novo | ||
National Union | Portugal | Yes | No (1932) | ? | Estado Novo/Clerical Fascism | |||
New Social Order | Portugal | No | Yes (2014) | No | Lusitanian Integralism | |||
Ordem Nova ("New Order") | Portugal | No | Yes (1978) | No | Nazism | Inactive 1982 | ||
Crusade of Romanianism | Romania | No | No | No | Romanian fascism | Initially called the White Eagles | ||
Iron Guard | Romania | Yes | No (1927) | No | Romanian fascism | Breakaway group from National-Christian Defense League; members were called "Green Shirts" because of their green uniforms[ citation needed ] | ||
National-Christian Defense League | Romania | No | No (1923) | No | Romanian fascism | Iron Guard was a breakaway group from this movement | ||
National Christian Party | Romania | Yes | No (1935) | No | Romanian clerical fascism | |||
National Fascist Movement | Romania | No | No (1923) | No | Italian Fascism/independent | Union of NIRFM and NRF | ||
National Italo-Rumanian Fascist Movement | Romania | No | No (1921) | No | Italian Fascism | Led by Elena Bacaloglu | ||
National Romanian Fascio | Romania | No | No (1921) | No | Independent | Led by Titus Vifor | ||
National Socialist Party | Romania | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism | |||
New Right | Romania | No | Yes | Yes | Neofascism | |||
Romanian Front | Romania | No | No (1935) | No | Romanian fascism | Splinter group of National Peasants' Party led by Alexandru Vaida-Voevod | ||
Ethnic National Union | Russia | No | Yes (2018) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
Front of National Revolutionary Action | Russia | No | Yes (1991) | No | Neo-Nazism | | ||
Northern Alliance Party | Russia | No | Yes (1999) | No | Neo-Nazism | | Neo-nazis taking inspiration from collaborationist movements from World War II. | |
Northern Brotherhood | Russia | No | Yes (2006) | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
Pamyat | Russia | No | Yes | No | Monarchist restoration, ultra-nationalism | Splintered into Russian National Union and National Unity of Russia | ||
National Bolshevik Party | Russia | No | Yes (1993) | No | National Bolshevism | |||
The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov | Russia | No | Yes (2010) | Yes | National Bolshevism | |||
Russian National Socialist Party (formerly Russian National Union) | Russia | No | Yes (1992) | No | Neo-Nazism | Led by Konstantin Kassimovsky; became Russian National Socialist Party in 1998; splinter of Pamyat in 1992 | ||
| Russian National Unity | Russia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | | |
Slavic Union | Russia | No | Yes (1999) | Yes | Neo-Nazism Pan-Slavism | Banned in 2010 | ||
National Socialist Russian Workers' Party | Russia | No | Yes (1994) | No | Neo-Nazism, Anti-turkism | |||
Block FACT | Russia | No | Yes (2010) | No | Anti-Communism | |||
National Socialist Society | Russia | No | Yes (2004) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
Army for the Liberation of Rwanda | Rwanda | No | Yes (1997) | No | Hutu Power [9] [10] [11] | Rebel group active in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||
Coalition for the Defence of the Republic | Rwanda | No | Yes (1992) | No | Hutu Power | |||
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda | Rwanda | No | Yes (2000) | No | Hutu Power | Rebel group active in the eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||
Interahamwe | Rwanda | No | Yes (1990) | Yes | Hutu Power | |||
National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development | Rwanda | Yes | Yes (1975) | No | Hutu Power | |||
Sammarinese Fascist Party | San Marino | Yes | No (1922) | No | Italian Fascism | Collapsed in 1943, refounded as Republican Fascio of San Marino in January 1944 and subsequently banned in November | ||
Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II) | Serbia | No | No | No | Fascism | |||
Yugoslav National Movement | Serbia | No | No | No | Fascism | |||
Leviathan Movement | Serbia | No | Yes (2015) | No | Neo-fascism | |||
Nacionalni stroj | Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Neo-Nazi skinheads | ||
Otačastveni pokret Obraz | Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Clerical fascism | |||
Serbian Action | Serbia | No | Yes (2010) | Yes | Ultranationalism Neo-fascism | | ||
Slovak Togetherness | Slovakia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Banned in 2006 | ||
Slovak People's Party | Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, Austria-Hungary | Yes | No (1906) | No | Clerical fascism | Formed German puppet government in Slovakia | ||
People's Party Our Slovakia | Slovakia | No | Yes | Yes | Fascism, Neo-Nazi | |||
Afrikaner Studentebond | South Africa | No | Yes | ? | Nazism | |||
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging | South Africa | No | Yes (1973) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging | South Africa | No | Yes (1985) | No | Neo-Nazism | |||
Boerestaat Party | South Africa | No | Yes | ? | Apartheid | Paramilitary group, the Boere Weerstandsbeweging | ||
Herstigte Nasionale Party | South Africa | No | Yes | Yes | Apartheid, Anti-Volkstaat | |||
National Party | South Africa | Yes | No (1914) | No | Apartheid | |||
Ossewabrandwag | South Africa | No | No (1939) | No | Apartheid | |||
South African Christian National Socialist Movement | South Africa | No | No | Nazism | Paramilitary group was the Gryshemde, “Grayshirts” | |||
South African National Front | South Africa | No | Yes (1977) | No | Neo-fascism | |||
Autonomous Bases | Spain | No | Yes | ? | Neo-Nazism/National Anarchism | | ||
Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe | Spain | No | Yes (1966) | No | Neo-Nazism | Disbanded 1993 | ||
España 2000 | Spain | No | Yes (2002) | Yes | Patriotic, Neo-Nazi | |||
FE y de las JONS | Spain | No | No (1934) | No | Falangism | |||
FET y de las JONS | Spain | Yes | No (1937) | No | Falangism, Francoism | |||
FE y de las JONS (1976) | Spain | No | Yes (1976) | Yes | Falangism | |||
The Phalanx | Spain | No | Yes (1999) | Yes | Falangism | |||
National Alliance | Spain | No | Yes (2006) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
National Democracy | Spain | No | Yes (1995) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |||
Bodu Bala Sena | Sri Lanka | No | Yes | Yes | Ethno-fascism | |||
Clerical People's Party | Sweden | No | No (1930) | No | Clerical fascism | |||
National Socialist Workers' Party | Sweden | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Became Swedish Socialist Coalition (Swedish: Svensk Socialistisk Samling) in 1938 | ||
National Socialist Bloc | Sweden | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Formed from the merger of Nationalsocialistiska Samlingspartiet and Nationalsocialistiska Förbundet and, later, Nationalsocialistisk Samling | ||
Nordic Realm Party | Sweden | No | Yes (1956) | No | Neo-Nazi | |||
Swedish National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Party | Sweden | No | No (1924) | No | Nazism, Agrarianism | Merged with the Swedish National Socialist Party | ||
Swedish National Socialist Party | Sweden | No | No (1936) | No | Nazism | |||
White Aryan Resistance | Sweden | No | Yes (1991) | No | Neo-Nazi | Paramilitary group active between 1991 and 1993. | ||
National Alliance | Sweden | No | Yes (1993) | No | Neo-Nazi | Founded as Young National Socialists of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms Unga Nationalsocialister (SUNS)) in 1993. Became the National Alliance in 1996. | ||
National Socialist Front | Sweden | No | Yes (1994) | No | Neo-Nazi | | Disbanded in 2008 | |
Swedish Resistance Movement | Sweden | No | Yes (1995) | Yes | Neo-Nazi | Militant organization. | ||
National Youth | Sweden | No | Yes (1997) | Yes | Neo-Nazi | Youth organisation of the Swedish Resistance Movement | ||
Legion Wasa | Sweden | No | Yes (1999) | No | Neo-Nazi | Militant organization | ||
Party of the Swedes | Sweden | No | Yes (2008) | No | Ethnic nationalist, Swedish nationalist, Neo-Nazi | Successor of National Socialist Front, first founded under the name People's Front (Swedish: Folkfronten). Disbanded in 2015. | ||
Eidgenössische Sammlung | Switzerland | No | No (1940) | No | Nazism | Successor movement to the National Front | ||
National Front | Switzerland | No | No (1930) | No | Nazism/independent | |||
National Movement of Switzerland | Switzerland | No | No (1940) | No | Nazism | |||
National Union | Switzerland | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism/independent | Francophone group | ||
Swiss Nationalist Party | Switzerland | No | Yes (2000) | No | Völkism, Neo-Nazism | |||
Volkspartei der Schweiz | Switzerland | No | Yes (1951) | No | Neo-Nazi | Led by Gaston-Armand Amaudruz | ||
League of Nationalist Action | Syria | No | No (1932) | No | Fascism | Was founded in 1932 in Syria. | ||
Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Syria, Lebanon | No | No (1932) | Yes | Fascism [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] | Advocates the establishment of a Greater Syrian national state, including present Syria, Lebanon, the Hatay Province of Turkey, Israel, the Palestinian territories, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, Cyprus, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. | ||
National Socialism Association | Taiwan | No | Yes (2007) | Yes | Han ultranationalism Neo-Nazism | |||
Grey Wolves | Turkey | No | Yes (1968) | No | Independent | Terrorist organization | ||
Republican Villagers Nation Party | Turkey | Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1962, 1965) | Yes (1958) | No | Far-right nationalism, neo-fascism, third position | Precursor of the Nationalist Movement Party. | ||
National Activity and Vigorous Development | Turkey | No | Yes (1969) | No | Neo-Nazi | A National Socialist group existed in 1969 in İzmir, when a group of former CKMP members (precursor party of the MHP) founded the association "Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf" (NAZİ). The club maintained two combat units. The members wore SA uniforms and used the Hitler salute. One of the leaders (Gündüz Kapancıoğlu) was re-admitted to the MHP in 1975. [19] | ||
Nationalist Movement Party | Turkey | Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1975, 1977, 1999) | Yes (1969) | Yes | Far-right nationalism, neo-fascism [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] | Described as a neo-fascist party linked to extremist and violent militias: Grey Wolves. |
Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, ultraconservatism, racial supremacy, right-wing populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration sentiment, sometimes with economic liberal issues, as well as opposition to social democracy, parliamentarianism, Marxism, capitalism, communism, and socialism. As with classical fascism, it occasionally proposes a Third Position as an alternative to market capitalism.
Neo-Nazism comprises the post-World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and racial supremacy, to attack racial and ethnic minorities, and in some cases to create a fascist state.
Ultranationalism or extreme nationalism is an extreme form of nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains detrimental hegemony, supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations to pursue its specific interests. Ultranationalist entities have been associated with the engagement of political violence even during peacetime.
Far-right politics, often termed right-wing extremism, encompasses a range of ideologies that are typically marked by radical conservatism, authoritarianism, ultra-nationalism, and nativism. This political spectrum situates itself on the far end of the right, distinguished from more mainstream right-wing ideologies by its opposition to liberal democratic norms and emphasis on exclusivist views. Far-right ideologies have historically included fascism, Nazism, and Falangism, while contemporary manifestations also incorporate neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, white supremacism, and various other movements characterized by chauvinism, xenophobia, and theocratic or reactionary beliefs.
Antoun Saadeh was a Lebanese politician, sociologist, philosopher and writer who founded the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.
The Grey Wolves, officially known by the short name Idealist Hearths, is a Turkish far-right political movement and the youth wing of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). Commonly described as ultranationalist, neo-fascist, Islamo-nationalist, and racist, the Grey Wolves have been described by some scholars, journalists, and governments as a death squad and a terrorist organization. Its members deny its political nature and claim it to be a cultural and educational foundation, citing its full official name: Idealist Clubs Educational and Cultural Foundation.
Fascist symbolism is the use of certain images and symbols which are designed to represent aspects of fascism. These include national symbols of historical importance, goals, and political policies. The best-known are the fasces, which was the original symbol of fascism, and the swastika of Nazism.
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party is a Syrian nationalist party operating in Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. It advocates the establishment of a Greater Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent, including present-day Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Kuwait, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Cyprus, Sinai, Hatay Province, and Cilicia, based on geographical boundaries and the common history people within the boundaries share. It has also been active in the Syrian and Lebanese diaspora, for example in South America. Until the fall of Ba'athist Syria it was an ally of the ruling Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, being the second-ranking party in the National Progressive Front.
Wolfsangel or Crampon is a heraldic charge from mainly Germany and eastern France, which was inspired by medieval European wolf traps that consisted of a Z-shaped metal hook that was hung by a chain from a crescent-shaped metal bar. The stylized symbol of the Z-shape can include a central horizontal bar to give a Ƶ-symbol, which can be reversed and/or rotated; it is sometimes mistaken as being an ancient rune due to its similarity to the "gibor rune" of the pseudo Armanen runes.
The Nationalist Movement Party is a Turkish far-right, ultranationalist political party. The group is often described as neo-fascist, and has been linked to violent paramilitaries and organized crime groups. Its leader is Devlet Bahçeli.
The history of fascist ideology is long and it draws on many sources. Fascists took inspiration from sources as ancient as the Spartans for their focus on racial purity and their emphasis on rule by an élite minority. Researchers have also seen links between fascism and the ideals of Plato, though there are key differences between the two. Italian Fascism styled itself as the ideological successor to Ancient Rome, particularly the Roman Empire. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's view on the absolute authority of the state also strongly influenced fascist thinking. The 1789 French Revolution was a major influence insofar as the Nazis saw themselves as fighting back against many of the ideas which it brought to prominence, especially liberalism, liberal democracy and racial equality, whereas on the other hand, fascism drew heavily on the revolutionary ideal of nationalism. The prejudice of a "high and noble" Aryan culture as opposed to a "parasitic" Semitic culture was core to Nazi racial views, while other early forms of fascism concerned themselves with non-racialized conceptions of their respective nations.
Syrian nationalism, also known as Pan-Syrian nationalism, refers to the nationalism of the region of Syria, as a cultural or political entity known as "Greater Syria".
This is a list of topics related to racism:
Turkish nationalism is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish languages and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the Tanzimat era. It also has a complicated relationship with Muslim identity, Pan-Turkism, and Turanism.
The German Strafgesetzbuch in section § 86a outlaws use of symbols of "unconstitutional organizations" and terrorism outside the contexts of "art or science, research or teaching". The law does not name the individual symbols to be outlawed, and there is no official exhaustive list. However, the law has primarily been used to supress fascist, Nazi, communist, Islamic extremist and Russian militarist symbols. The law, adopted during the Cold War, most notably affected the Communist Party of Germany, which was banned as unconstitutional in 1956; the Socialist Reich Party, which was banned in 1952; and several small far-right parties.
Fascist movements gained popularity in many countries in Asia during the 1920s.
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP-L) is a Syrian nationalist party operating in Lebanon. The Lebanese section of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party advocates subsuming Lebanon into a Greater Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent.
The Eagles of the Whirlwind is the armed wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. Around 6,000 to 8,000 men strong, they participated in many battles and operations throughout the Syrian Civil War fighting alongside the Syrian government and its allies.
Turkish–Islamic synthesis is a type of Turkish nationalism which has an Islamist leaning instead of secular.
The relationship between Islam and nationalism, from the beginnings of Islam until today, has often been tense, with both Islam and nationalism generally opposing each other.
The Syrian Social Nationalist party (SSNP) was the brainchild of Antun Sa'ada, a Greek Orthodox Lebanese who was inspired by Nazi and fascist ideologies.
[The SSNP] greet their leaders with a Hitlerian salute; sing their Arabic anthem, "Greetings to You, Syria," to the strains of "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; and throng to the symbol of the red hurricane, a swastika in circular motion.
The SSNP flag, which features a curved swastika called the red hurricane (zawba'a), points to the party's fascistic origins.
[The SSNP's] red hurricane symbol was modeled after the Nazi swastika.
Saadeh, the party's 'leader for life', was an admirer of Adolf Hitler and influenced by Nazi and fascist ideology. This went beyond adopting a reversed swastika as the party's symbol and singing the party's anthem to Deutschland über alles, and included developing the cult of a leader, advocating totalitarian government, and glorifying an ancient pre-Christian past and the organic whole of the Syrian Volk or nation.
[The SSNP] had been founded in 1932 as a youth movement, deliberately modeled on Hitler's Nazi Party. For its symbol it invented a curved swastika, called the Zawbah.
The US also established contacts with the neofascist Nationalist Movement Party and its militants, the Grey Wolves.
A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.
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