Mitoferrin-1

Last updated

SLC25A37
Identifiers
Aliases SLC25A37 , MFRN, MFRN1, MSC, MSCP, PRO1278, PRO1584, PRO2217, HT015, solute carrier family 25 member 37
External IDs OMIM: 610387; MGI: 1914962; HomoloGene: 74739; GeneCards: SLC25A37; OMA:SLC25A37 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

51312

67712

Ensembl

ENSG00000147454

ENSMUSG00000034248

UniProt

Q9NYZ2

Q920G8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_026331
NM_030054

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001304741
NP_001304742
NP_001304743
NP_057696

NP_080607

Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 23.53 – 23.58 Mb Chr 14: 69.48 – 69.52 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Mitoferrin-1 (Mfrn1) is a 38 kDa protein [5] that is encoded by the SLC25A37 gene in humans. [6] [7] It is a member of the Mitochondrial carrier (MC) Superfamily, however, its metal cargo makes it distinct from other members of this family. Mfrn1 plays a key role in mitochondrial iron homeostasis as an iron transporter, importing ferrous iron from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the mitochondrial matrix for the biosynthesis of heme groups and Fe-S clusters. [8] This process is tightly regulated, given the redox potential of Mitoferrin's iron cargo. Mfrn1 is paralogous to Mitoferrin-2 (Mfrn2), a 39 kDa protein encoded by the SLC25A28 gene in humans. [5] Mfrn1 is highly expressed in differentiating erythroid cells and in other tissues at low levels, while Mfrn2 is expressed ubiquitously in non-erythroid tissues. [9] [5]

Contents

Function

The molecular details of iron trafficking for heme and Iron-sulfur cluster synthesis are still unclear, however, Mitoferrin-1 has been shown to form oligomeric complexes with the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB10 and Ferrochelatase (or protoporphyrin ferrochelatase). [10] Furthermore, ABC10 binding enhances the stability and functionality of Mfrn1, suggesting that transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms further regulate cellular and mitochondrial iron homeostasis. [11] Recombinant Mfrn1 in vitro has micromolar affinity for the following first-row transition metals: iron (II), manganese (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II). [12] Mfrn1 iron transport was reconstituted in proteoliposomes, where the protein was also able to transport manganese, cobalt, copper, and zinc, yet it discriminated against nickel, despite the aforementioned affinity. [12] Notably, Mfrn1 appears to transport free iron ions as opposed to any sort of chelated iron complex. [12] Additionally, Mfrn1 selects against divalent alkali ions. [12] Mfrn1 and its paralog Mfrn2 have complementary functionalities, though the precise relationship is still uncertain. For example, heme production is restored by expression of Mfrn2 in cells silenced for Mfrn1 and by ectopic expression of Mfrn1 in nonerythroid cells silenced for Mfrn2, where Mfrn1 accumulates due to an increased protein half-life. [13] In contrast, ectopic expression of Mfrn2 failed to restore heme product in erythroid cells silenced for Mfrn1 because Mfrn2 was unable to accumulate in mitochondria. [13]

Clinical Significance

Mitoferrin-1 has been implicated in diseases associated with defective iron homeostasis, resulting in iron or porphyrin imbalances. [14] Abnormal Mfrn1 expression, for example, may contribute to Erythropoietic protoporphyria, [15] a porphyrin disease linked to mutations in the Ferrochelatase enzyme. [15] Selective deletion of Mfrn1 in adult mice led to severe anemia rather than porphyria [16] likely because Iron-responsive element-binding protein (specifically IRE-BP1) transcriptionally regulates porphyrin biogenesis, inhibiting it in the absence of Mfrn1. [9] Mfrn1 has also been implicated in depression [17] and myelodysplastic syndrome. [18]

Animal Studies

The importance of Mitoferrins in heme and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis was first discovered in the anemic zebrafish mutant frascati. [6] Studies in mice revealed that total deletion of Mfrn1 resulted in embryonic lethality, while selective deletion in adults caused severe anemia as stated above. [16] Expression mouse Mfrn1 rescued knockout zebrafish, indicating that the gene is highly evolutionarily conserved. [14] The transcription factor, GATA-1, directly regulates Mfrn1 expression in zebrafish via distal cis-regulatory Mfrn1 elements. [19] In C. elegans, reduced Mfrn1 expression results in abnormal development and increased lifespans of roughly 50-80%. [20]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrochelatase</span>

Protoporphyrin ferrochelatase (EC 4.98.1.1, formerly EC 4.99.1.1, or ferrochelatase; systematic name protoheme ferro-lyase (protoporphyrin-forming)) is an enzyme encoded by the FECH gene in humans. Ferrochelatase catalyses the eighth and terminal step in the biosynthesis of heme, converting protoporphyrin IX into heme B. It catalyses the reaction:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NFE2L2</span> Human protein and coding gene

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), also known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2, is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene. NRF2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein that may regulate the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation, according to preliminary research. In vitro, NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins. NRF2 induces the expression of heme oxygenase 1 in vitro leading to an increase in phase II enzymes. NRF2 also inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA9</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-A9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA9 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NRF1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Nuclear respiratory factor 1, also known as Nrf1, Nrf-1, NRF1 and NRF-1, encodes a protein that homodimerizes and functions as a transcription factor which activates the expression of some key metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration, heme biosynthesis, and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. The protein has also been associated with the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, which encode the same protein, have been characterized. Additional variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described but they have not been fully characterized. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene and for "nuclear factor -like 1" which has an official symbol of NFE2L1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BNIP3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 is a protein found in humans that is encoded by the BNIP3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I</span> Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by the mitochondrial genome

Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) also known as mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) is a protein that is encoded by the MT-CO1 gene in eukaryotes. The gene is also called COX1, CO1, or COI. Cytochrome c oxidase I is the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. In humans, mutations in MT-CO1 have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, Complex IV deficiency, colorectal cancer, sensorineural deafness, and recurrent myoglobinuria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BACH1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transcription regulator protein BACH1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BACH1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CYC1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial (CYC1), also known as UQCR4, MC3DN6, Complex III subunit 4, Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 4, or Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex cytochrome c1 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYC1 gene. CYC1 is a respiratory subunit of Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase, which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is part of the electron transport chain. Mutations in this gene may cause mitochondrial complex III deficiency, nuclear, type 6.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NDUFS3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFS3 gene on chromosome 11. This gene encodes one of the iron-sulfur protein (IP) components of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Mutations in this gene are associated with Leigh syndrome resulting from mitochondrial complex I deficiency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ABCB7</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 7, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCB7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SUCLA2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Succinyl-CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial (SUCLA2), also known as ADP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS-A), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SUCLA2 gene on chromosome 13.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BCL2L13</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

BCL2-like 13 , also known as BCL2L13 or Bcl-rambo, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BCL2L13 gene on chromosome 22. This gene encodes a mitochondrially-localized protein which is classified under the Bcl-2 protein family. Overexpression of the encoded protein results in apoptosis. As a result, it has been implicated in cancers such as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, such as Bcl-rambo beta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PMPCB</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMPCB gene. This gene is a member of the peptidase M16 family and encodes a protein with a zinc-binding motif. This protein is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the cleavage of the leader peptides of precursor proteins newly imported into the mitochondria, though it only functions as part of a heterodimeric complex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NDUFA12</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA12 gene. The NDUFA12 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), also known as Complex I, frequently lead to complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh's syndrome that result from mitochondrial complex I deficiency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ALAS2</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">ALAS1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">GLRX5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Glutaredoxin 5, also known as GLRX5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GLRX5 gene located on chromosome 14. This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein, which is evolutionarily conserved. It is involved in the biogenesis of iron- sulfur clusters, which are required for normal iron homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive pyridoxine-refractory sideroblastic anemia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitochondrial ferritin</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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mir-451 microRNA

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References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000147454 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034248 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. 1 2 3 Hung HI, Schwartz JM, Maldonado EN, Lemasters JJ, Nieminen AL (January 2013). "Mitoferrin-2-dependent mitochondrial iron uptake sensitizes human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells to photodynamic therapy". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (1): 677–86. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.422667 . PMC   3537066 . PMID   23135267.
  6. 1 2 Shaw GC, Cope JJ, Li L, Corson K, Hersey C, Ackermann GE, Gwynn B, Lambert AJ, Wingert RA, Traver D, Trede NS, Barut BA, Zhou Y, Minet E, Donovan A, Brownlie A, Balzan R, Weiss MJ, Peters LL, Kaplan J, Zon LI, Paw BH (March 2006). "Mitoferrin is essential for erythroid iron assimilation". Nature. 440 (7080): 96–100. Bibcode:2006Natur.440...96S. doi:10.1038/nature04512. PMID   16511496. S2CID   4429335.
  7. ↑ "Entrez Gene: SLC25A37 solute carrier family 25, member 37".
  8. ↑ Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU, Galy B, Camaschella C (July 2010). "Two to tango: regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism" (PDF). Cell. 142 (1): 24–38. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.028 . PMID   20603012. S2CID   23971474.
  9. 1 2 Chung J, Anderson SA, Gwynn B, Deck KM, Chen MJ, Langer NB, Shaw GC, Huston NC, Boyer LF, Datta S, Paradkar PN, Li L, Wei Z, Lambert AJ, Sahr K, Wittig JG, Chen W, Lu W, Galy B, Schlaeger TM, Hentze MW, Ward DM, Kaplan J, Eisenstein RS, Peters LL, Paw BH (March 2014). "Iron regulatory protein-1 protects against mitoferrin-1-deficient porphyria". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (11): 7835–43. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.547778 . PMC   4022844 . PMID   24509859.
  10. ↑ Chen W, Dailey HA, Paw BH (July 2010). "Ferrochelatase forms an oligomeric complex with mitoferrin-1 and Abcb10 for erythroid heme biosynthesis". Blood. 116 (4): 628–30. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-12-259614. PMC   3324294 . PMID   20427704.
  11. ↑ Chen W, Paradkar PN, Li L, Pierce EL, Langer NB, Takahashi-Makise N, Hyde BB, Shirihai OS, Ward DM, Kaplan J, Paw BH (September 2009). "Abcb10 physically interacts with mitoferrin-1 (Slc25a37) to enhance its stability and function in the erythroid mitochondria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (38): 16263–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904519106 . PMC   2752562 . PMID   19805291.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Christenson ET, Gallegos AS, Banerjee A (March 2018). "In vitro reconstitution, functional dissection, and mutational analysis of metal ion transport by mitoferrin-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 293 (10): 3819–3828. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.817478 . PMC   5846140 . PMID   29305420.
  13. 1 2 Paradkar PN, Zumbrennen KB, Paw BH, Ward DM, Kaplan J (February 2009). "Regulation of mitochondrial iron import through differential turnover of mitoferrin 1 and mitoferrin 2". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 29 (4): 1007–16. doi:10.1128/MCB.01685-08. PMC   2643804 . PMID   19075006.
  14. 1 2 Shaw GC, Cope JJ, Li L, Corson K, Hersey C, Ackermann GE, Gwynn B, Lambert AJ, Wingert RA, Traver D, Trede NS, Barut BA, Zhou Y, Minet E, Donovan A, Brownlie A, Balzan R, Weiss MJ, Peters LL, Kaplan J, Zon LI, Paw BH (March 2006). "Mitoferrin is essential for erythroid iron assimilation". Nature. 440 (7080): 96–100. Bibcode:2006Natur.440...96S. doi:10.1038/nature04512. PMID   16511496. S2CID   4429335.
  15. 1 2 Wang Y, Langer NB, Shaw GC, Yang G, Li L, Kaplan J, Paw BH, Bloomer JR (July 2011). "Abnormal mitoferrin-1 expression in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria". Experimental Hematology. 39 (7): 784–94. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2011.05.003. PMC   3143264 . PMID   21627978.
  16. 1 2 Troadec MB, Warner D, Wallace J, Thomas K, Spangrude GJ, Phillips J, Khalimonchuk O, Paw BH, Ward DM, Kaplan J (May 2011). "Targeted deletion of the mouse Mitoferrin1 gene: from anemia to protoporphyria". Blood. 117 (20): 5494–502. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-11-319483. PMC   3109720 . PMID   21310927.
  17. ↑ Huo YX, Huang L, Zhang DF, Yao YG, Fang YR, Zhang C, Luo XJ (December 2016). "Identification of SLC25A37 as a major depressive disorder risk gene". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 83: 168–175. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.011. PMID   27643475.
  18. ↑ Visconte V, Avishai N, Mahfouz R, Tabarroki A, Cowen J, Sharghi-Moshtaghin R, Hitomi M, Rogers HJ, Hasrouni E, Phillips J, Sekeres MA, Heuer AH, Saunthararajah Y, Barnard J, Tiu RV (January 2015). "Distinct iron architecture in SF3B1-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome patients is linked to an SLC25A37 splice variant with a retained intron". Leukemia. 29 (1): 188–95. doi:10.1038/leu.2014.170. PMID   24854990. S2CID   10475563.
  19. ↑ Amigo JD, Yu M, Troadec MB, Gwynn B, Cooney JD, Lambert AJ, Chi NC, Weiss MJ, Peters LL, Kaplan J, Cantor AB, Paw BH (April 2011). "Identification of distal cis-regulatory elements at mouse mitoferrin loci using zebrafish transgenesis". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 31 (7): 1344–56. doi:10.1128/MCB.01010-10. PMC   3135305 . PMID   21248200.
  20. ↑ Ren Y, Yang S, Tan G, Ye W, Liu D, Qian X, Ding Z, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Jiang D, Zhao Y, Lu J (January 11, 2018). "Reduction of mitoferrin results in abnormal development and extended lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e29666. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029666 . PMC   3256167 . PMID   22253756.

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