Mofezolac

Last updated
Mofezolac
Mofezolac.png
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Routes of
administration 		Oral
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • [3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]acetic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C19H17NO5
Molar mass 339.347 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(ON=C2C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC)CC(=O)O
  • InChI=1S/C19H17NO5/c1-23-14-7-3-12(4-8-14)18-16(11-17(21)22)25-20-19(18)13-5-9-15(24-2)10-6-13/h3-10H,11H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22)
  • Key:DJEIHHYCDCTAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
   (verify)

Mofezolac (INN), sold under the name Disopain in Japan, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. It is often prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, frozen shoulder, and pain management after surgery or trauma. [1] It is also being investigated for potential use in the treatment of neuroinflammation. [2] [3]

Common side effects include abdominal pain, stomach discomfort, nausea, sleepiness, itch, hives, rash, erythema, and edema. Serious side effects include peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, asthma attack, jaundice, acute liver failure, and thrombocytopenia. [1] Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. [4]

Mofezolac acts via selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase COX-1 and consequent suppression of prostaglandin synthesis. [5] It is the most potent and selective reversible COX-1 inhibitor. [6] Studies of ovine COX-1 in complex with mofezolac indicate that the drug forms a combination of electrostatic, H-bond, hydrophobic, and van der Waals contacts with the enzyme active site channel, contributing to mofezolac's high binding affinity. [7]

Mofezolac belongs to the class of isoxazoles and is a substrate of CYP2C9. [8]

It is manufactured and marketed by Nipro ES Pharma Co., Ltd. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</span> Class of therapeutic drug for relieving pain and inflammation

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of use, but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeds, heart attack, and kidney disease.

An antipyretic is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibuprofen</span> Medication treating pain, fever, and inflammation

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation. This includes painful menstrual periods, migraines, and rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a premature baby. It can be taken orally or intravenously. It typically begins working within an hour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclooxygenase</span> Class of enzymes

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for biosynthesis of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid. A member of the animal-type heme peroxidase family, it is also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase. The specific reaction catalyzed is the conversion from arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 via a short-living prostaglandin G2 intermediate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diclofenac</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. It can be taken orally, inserted rectally as a suppository, injected intramuscularly, injected intravenously, applied to the skin topically, or through eye drops. Improvements in pain last up to eight hours. It is also available as the fixed-dose combination diclofenac/misoprostol (Arthrotec) to help protect the stomach.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naproxen</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain

Naproxen, sold under the brand name Aleve among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, menstrual cramps, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout and fever. It is taken orally. It is available in immediate and delayed release formulations. Onset of effects is within an hour and lasts for up to twelve hours. Naproxen is also available in salt form, naproxen sodium, which has better solubility when taken orally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Celecoxib</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication

Celecoxib, sold under the brand name Celebrex among others, is a COX-2 inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to treat the pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, acute pain in adults, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, painful menstruation, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It may also be used to decrease the risk of colorectal adenomas in people with familial adenomatous polyposis. It is taken by mouth. Benefits are typically seen within an hour.

Anti-inflammatory or antiphlogistic is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs remedy pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain signaling to the brain.

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, also known as coxibs, are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly target cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Targeting selectivity for COX-2 reduces the risk of peptic ulceration and is the main feature of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and other members of this drug class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indometacin</span> Anti-inflammatory drug

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etoricoxib</span> COX-2 selective NSAID medication

Etoricoxib, sold under the brand name Arcoxia, is a selective COX-2 inhibitor developed and commercialized by Merck. It is approved in 63 countries worldwide as of 2007, except the United States where the Food and Drug Administration sent a Non Approvable Letter to Merck and required them to provide additional data.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meloxicam</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Meloxicam, sold under the brand name Mobic among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation in rheumatic diseases and osteoarthritis. It is taken by mouth or given by injection into a vein. It is recommended that it be used for as short a period as possible and at a low dose.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tenoxicam</span> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Tenoxicam, sold under the brand name Mobiflex among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to relieve inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, and periarthritis of the shoulders or hips.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pravadoline</span> Chemical compound

Pravadoline (WIN 48,098) is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug with an IC50 of 4.9 μM and a Ki of 2511 nM at CB1, related in structure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indometacin. It was developed in the 1980s as a new antiinflammatory and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, acting through inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).

COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donators (CINODs), also known as NO-NSAIDs, are a new class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) developed with the intention of providing greater safety than existing NSAIDs.

Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) developed by the French pharmaceutical company NicOx. It is a derivative of naproxen with a nitroxybutyl ester to allow it to also act as a nitric oxide (NO) donor. This second mechanism of action makes naproxcinod the first in a new class of drugs, the cyclooxygenase inhibiting nitric oxide donators (CINODs), that are hoped to produce similar analgesic efficacy to traditional NSAIDs, but with less gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RB-101</span> Chemical compound

RB-101 is a drug that acts as an enkephalinase inhibitor, which is used in scientific research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mechanism of action of aspirin</span>

Aspirin causes several different effects in the body, mainly the reduction of inflammation, analgesia, the prevention of clotting, and the reduction of fever. Much of this is believed to be due to decreased production of prostaglandins and TXA2. Aspirin's ability to suppress the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes is due to its irreversible inactivation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Cyclooxygenase is required for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Aspirin acts as an acetylating agent where an acetyl group is covalently attached to a serine residue in the active site of the COX enzyme. This makes aspirin different from other NSAIDs, which are reversible inhibitors; aspirin creates an allosteric change in the structure of the COX enzyme. However, other effects of aspirin, such as uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and the modulation of signaling through NF-κB, are also being investigated. Some of its effects are like those of salicylic acid, which is not an acetylating agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Licofelone</span> Analgesic and anti-inflammatory compound

Licofelone is a dual COX/LOX inhibitor that was studied in clinical trials as a treatment for osteoarthritis and which was under development by Merckle GmbH with partners Alfa Wassermann and Lacer.

Cyclooxygenases are enzymes that take part in a complex biosynthetic cascade that results in the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to prostaglandins and thromboxane(s). Their main role is to catalyze the transformation of arachidonic acid into the intermediate prostaglandin H2, which is the precursor of a variety of prostanoids with diverse and potent biological actions. Cyclooxygenases have two main isoforms that are called COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane in many types of cells, including the gastro-intestinal tract and blood platelets. COX-2 plays a major role in prostaglandin biosynthesis in inflammatory cells and in the central nervous system. Prostaglandin synthesis in these sites is a key factor in the development of inflammation and hyperalgesia. COX-2 inhibitors have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the transformation of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 selectively.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Kusuri-no-Shiori (Drug Information Sheet)". RAD-AR Council, Japan. June 2018. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
  2. ↑ Calvello R, Panaro MA, Carbone ML, Cianciulli A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, et al. (January 2012). "Novel selective COX-1 inhibitors suppress neuroinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated N13 microglial cells". Pharmacological Research. 65 (1): 137–148. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.09.009. hdl: 11586/117804 . PMID   22001217.
  3. ↑ Calvello R, Lofrumento DD, Perrone MG, Cianciulli A, Salvatore R, Vitale P, et al. (2017). "Highly Selective Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitors P6 and Mofezolac Counteract Inflammatory State both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Neuroinflammation". Frontiers in Neurology. 8: 251. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00251 . PMC   5465243 . PMID   28649222.
  4. ↑ "Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Safety Information" (381). Translated by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. March 2021.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ↑ Ono N, Yamamoto N, Sunami A, Yamasaki Y, Miyake H (February 1990). "[Pharmacological profile of mofezolac, a new non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drug]". Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica (in Japanese). 95 (2): 63–81. doi: 10.1254/fpj.95.2_63 . PMID   2109726.
  6. ↑ Pati ML, Vitale P, Ferorelli S, Iaselli M, Miciaccia M, Boccarelli A, et al. (February 2019). "Translational impact of novel widely pharmacological characterized mofezolac-derived COX-1 inhibitors combined with bortezomib on human multiple myeloma cell lines viability". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 164: 59–76. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.029. hdl: 11586/227733 . PMID   30590258. S2CID   58648199.
  7. ↑ Cingolani G, Panella A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, Di Mauro G, Fortuna CG, et al. (September 2017). "Structural basis for selective inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) by diarylisoxazoles mofezolac and 3-(5-chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6)". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 138: 661–668. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.045. PMC   5992922 . PMID   28710965.
  8. ↑ "DRUG: Mofezolac". KEGG. Retrieved 2021-10-18.


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