Deracoxib

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Deracoxib
Deracoxib.svg
Deracoxib molecule ball.png
Clinical data
Trade names Deramaxx
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Routes of
administration 		Oral
ATCvet code
Legal status
Legal status
  • Veterinary use only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding High (more than 90%)
Metabolism Hepatic biotransformation
Elimination half-life 3 hours at 2–3 mg/kg
Excretion In feces
Identifiers
  • 4-[3-(Difluoromethyl)-5-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.234.875 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C17H14F3N3O3S
Molar mass 397.37 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=S(=O)(c3ccc(n1nc(cc1c2ccc(OC)c(F)c2)C(F)F)cc3)N
  • InChI=1S/C17H14F3N3O3S/c1-26-16-7-2-10(8-13(16)18)15-9-14(17(19)20)22-23(15)11-3-5-12(6-4-11)27(21,24)25/h2-9,17H,1H3,(H2,21,24,25) Yes check.svgY
  • Key:WAZQAZKAZLXFMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Deracoxib (trade name Deramaxx) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib class, used in dogs to treat pain associated with osteoarthritis, or to prevent pain following orthopedic or dental surgery. It is available as beef-flavored tablets. [1]

Contents

Medical uses

Deracoxib is used in dogs for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and for the prevention of pain following orthopedic surgery or dental procedures. [2]

In cats, the use of deracoxib is not recommended. [3]

Contraindications

Deracoxib is contraindicated for treatment of dogs with hypersensitivity to deracoxib or other NSAIDs, and dogs with gastro-intestinal ulcers, renal disease, hepatic disorders, hypoproteinemia, dehydration, or cardiac disease.

Dogs with renal disease may need dose adjustment (if the benefits of the medication outweigh the risks), while those on concurrent diuretic therapy are at increased risk for NSAID toxicity and should not be given this medication.

The concurrent use of deracoxib with steroids or other NSAIDs should be avoided. The safety of deracoxib has not been established in pregnant or nursing dogs or in dogs younger than 4 months of age.

Adverse effects

The most common adverse effects of treatment with deracoxib are vomiting, anorexia, lethargy and depression. [4] Other adverse effects of deracoxib are caused by its effects on the gastrointestinal tract, and include erosions or ulcerations of the lining of the stomach or intestines. [5]

Serious adverse effects, including ulcers which perforate the gastrointestinal tract, have occurred in dogs administered higher than recommended doses of deracoxib, or dogs administered deracoxib at the same time as (or soon after) other NSAIDs or corticosteroid medications. [4]

Documented adverse side effects include serious and sometimes fatal organ system damage or failure. [6] Other side effects include increase in drinking or urination, jaundice, bloody or black stools, pale gums, hot spots, increased respiration (fast or heavy breathing), incoordination, and behavior changes.[ citation needed ]

Pharmacology

Deracoxib is a coxib class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). [3] Like other NSAIDs, its effects are caused by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. [7] At the doses used to treat dogs, deracoxib causes greater inhibition of COX-2 than of COX-1 , [3] but at doses twice those recommended for use in dogs, deracoxib significantly inhibits COX-1 as well. [8]

In dogs, the half-life of deracoxib at the recommended dose is three hours. [8]

Society and culture

In the U.S., deracoxib was first approved for use in dogs in 2002, under the trade name Deramaxx chewable tablets, sold by Novartis Animal Health. [1]

Related Research Articles

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots. Side effects depend on the specific drug, its dose and duration of use, but largely include an increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeds, heart attack, and kidney disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibuprofen</span> Medication used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diclofenac</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren, among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. It is taken by mouth or rectally in a suppository, used by injection, or applied to the skin. Improvements in pain last for as much as eight hours. It is also available in combination with misoprostol in an effort to decrease stomach problems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naproxen</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain

Naproxen, sold under the brand name Aleve among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, menstrual cramps, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout and fever. It is taken orally. It is available in immediate and delayed release formulations. Onset of effects is within an hour and lasts for up to twelve hours.

COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly target cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Targeting selectivity for COX-2 reduces the risk of peptic ulceration and is the main feature of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and other members of this drug class.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lumiracoxib</span> Cox-2 inhibitor anti-inflammatory drug

Lumiracoxib is a COX-2 selective inhibitor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxaprozin</span> Chemical compound

Oxaprozin, also known as oxaprozinum, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), used to relieve the inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Chemically, it is a propionic acid derivative. Safety and efficacy has been established in children over 6 years with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis only, and there is an increased risk of adverse reactions in the elderly population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meloxicam</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Meloxicam, sold under the brand name Mobic among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation in rheumatic diseases and osteoarthritis. It is used by mouth or by injection into a vein. It is recommended that it be used for as short a period as possible and at a low dose.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etodolac</span> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carprofen</span> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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A prostaglandin antagonist is a hormone antagonist acting upon one or more prostaglandins, a subclass of eicosanoid compounds which function as signaling molecules in numerous types of animal tissues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tepoxalin</span> NSAID anti-inflammatory veterinary drug

Tepoxalin, sold under the brand name Zubrin among others, is a non-steroidal anti-flammatory drug (NSAIDs) generally used in veterinary medicine to reduce swelling in animals with osteoarthritis. In rare circumstances, tepoxalin can also be used in human pharmacology to relieve pain caused by musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis and hip dysplasia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tolmetin</span> NSAID analgesic medication

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Meclofenamic acid</span> Chemical compound

Meclofenamic acid is a drug used for joint, muscular pain, arthritis and dysmenorrhea. It is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and was approved by the US FDA in 1980. Like other members of the class, it is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, preventing the formation of prostaglandins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tenoxicam</span> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Tenoxicam, sold under the brand name Mobiflex among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to relieve inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, and periarthritis of the shoulders or hips.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robenacoxib</span> COX-2 selective NSAID veterinary drug

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grapiprant</span> NSAID anti-inflammatory veterinary drug

Grapiprant is a small molecule drug that belongs in the piprant class. This analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug is primarily used as a pain relief for mild to moderate inflammation related to osteoarthritis in dogs. Grapiprant has been approved by the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine and was categorized as a non-cyclooxygenase inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in March 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antiarthritics</span> Drug class

An antiarthritic is any drug used to relieve or prevent arthritic symptoms, such as joint pain or joint stiffness. Depending on the antiarthritic drug class, it is used for managing pain, reducing inflammation or acting as an immunosuppressant. These drugs are typically given orally, topically or through administration by injection. The choice of antiarthritic medication is often determined by the nature of arthritis, the severity of symptoms as well as other factors, such as the tolerability of side effects.

References

  1. 1 2 "Deramaxx tablets approved by the FDA as the first coxib class drug for veterinary use". dvm360.com. 1 October 2002. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
  2. ↑ Budsberg SC (2015). "Chapter 8: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". In Gaynor JS, Muir WW (eds.). Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management (3rd ed.). Elsevier Mosby. pp. 142–160. ISBN   9780323222143.
  3. 1 2 3 Khan SA, McLean MK (March 2012). "Toxicology of frequently encountered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs and cats". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice. 42 (2): 289–306, vi–vii. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.01.003. PMID   22381180.
  4. 1 2 Peterson ME, Talcott PA (2013). "Chapter 65: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatories. Deracoxib". Small animal toxicology (3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier. pp. 700–701. ISBN   9781455707171.
  5. ↑ Papich M (2015). "Deracoxib". Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: Small and Large Animal (4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 211. ISBN   9780323244862.
  6. ↑ "DERAMAXX (deracoxib)" (PDF). Novartis Animal Health US, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2011-06-23.
  7. ↑ Lees P (2013). "Chapter 19: Analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic drugs". In Riviere JE, Papich M (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 457–492. ISBN   9781118685907.
  8. 1 2 Hanson PD, Maddison JE (2008). "Chapter 13: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chondroprotective agents". In Maddison JE, Page SW, Church DB (eds.). Small animal clinical pharmacology (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders/Elsevier. pp.  287–308. ISBN   9780702028588.
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