Treaty of Tientsin

Last updated
Treaty of Tientsin
Signing the Treaty of Tientsin.jpg
Signing of the Anglo-Chinese treaty of Tianjin
Type Unequal treaty
SignedJune 1858
LocationHaiguang Temple, Tientsin, China
Signatories
Parties
Depositary National Palace Museum, Taipei City

Notes

  1. ↑ Then known as "Canton". [7] [12] [13] [14]
  2. ↑ Then known as "Taiwan-fu", [7] "Tai-wan", [12] "Taiwan", [13] or "Taïwan". [14]
  3. ↑ Then known as "Tsion-chou", [7] "Kiungchow" [13] or "Kiung-Tchau". [14]
  4. ↑ Then known as "Chau-chau", [12] "Swatow", [12] "Chawchow", [13] and "Chaou-Chaou". [14]
  5. ↑ Then known as "Newchwang". [13]
  6. ↑ Then known as "Tǎngchow" [13] or "Tan-Tchau". [14]
  7. ↑ Then known as "Taashwi". [14]
  8. ↑ Then known as "Nanking" [13] or "Nankin". [14]
  9. ↑ Then known as "Chinkiang". [25]
  10. ↑ Specifically, the formerly separate city of Hankou north and west of the confluence of the Han and Yangtze Rivers.
  11. ↑ The third port was Nanjing, which had been opened by the French treaty [14] and the most-favored nation clauses of the others. [8] [9] [10]
  12. ↑ Then known as "Peking" [26] or "Pekin". [27] [28]

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Wang, Dong. China's Unequal Treaties: Narrating National History. Lexington Books, 2005, p. 16.
  2. ↑ Russian treaty (1858), Art. 12.
  3. ↑ American treaty (1858), Art. XXX.
  4. ↑ British treaty (1858), Art. LVI.
  5. ↑ French treaty (1858), Art. 42.
  6. ↑ Johnstone (1937), p. 945.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Russian treaty (1858), Art. 3.
  8. 1 2 Russian treaty (1858) , Art. 4 & 12.
  9. 1 2 American treaty (1858) , Art. XV & XXX.
  10. 1 2 British treaty (1858) , Art. XXIV & LIV.
  11. ↑ French treaty (1858) , Art. 2, 9, & 40.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 American treaty (1858), Art. XIV.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 British treaty (1858), Art. XI.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 French treaty (1858), Art. 6.
  15. ↑ Russian treaty (1858), Art. 8.
  16. 1 2 3 American treaty (1858) , Art. XXIX.
  17. ↑ French treaty (1858), Art. 13.
  18. ↑ American treaty (1858), Art. XI.
  19. ↑ Russian treaty (1858), Art. 7.
  20. ↑ British treaty (1858), Art. XV & XVI.
  21. ↑ French treaty (1858), Art. 38 & 39.
  22. 1 2 British treaty (1858) , Art. IX.
  23. ↑ French treaty (1858), Art. 7.
  24. ↑ Cassel (2012), p. 62.
  25. 1 2 British treaty (1858) , Art. X.
  26. 1 2 British treaty (1858) , Art. III.
  27. ↑ American treaty (1858), Art. II.
  28. ↑ French treaty (1858), Art. 2.
  29. ↑ Russian treaty (1858), Art. 10.
  30. 1 2 British treaty (1858) , Art. LI.
  31. ↑ French treaty (1858), Art. 14.
  32. ↑ Johnstone (1937), p. 942.

Bibliography

  • Bloch, Kurt (May 1939). "The Basic Conflict over Foreign Concessions in China". Far Eastern Survey. 8 (10): 111–116. doi:10.2307/3023092. JSTOR   3023092.
  • Chan, Mitchell (2018). "Rule of Law and China's Unequal Treaties: Conceptions of the Rule of Law and Its Role in Chinese International Law and Diplomatic Relations in the Early Twentieth Century". Penn History Review. 25 (2): 2.
  • Cassel, Pär (2012). Grounds of Judgment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Johnstone, William C. (October 1937). "International Relations: The Status of Foreign Concessions and Settlements in the Treaty Ports of China". The American Political Science Review. 31 (5): 942–8. doi:10.2307/1947920. JSTOR   1947920. S2CID   147155580.

Primary sources

Treaty of Tientsin
Traditional Chinese 天津 條約
Simplified Chinese 天津 条约
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Tiānjīn Tiáoyuē
Wade–Giles T‘ien-chin T‘iao-yüeh
Hakka
Romanization Tien1-zin1 Tiau2-yok5
Sino-Russian treaties
Russian and Qing empires
Russian Empire and Republic of China
Soviet Union and Republic of China
Soviet Union and People's Republic of China
Russian Federation and People's Republic of China
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.