Typhoon Usagi (2024)

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Usagi emerged from an area of convection 494 km (307 mi) east of Chuuk, with satellite imagery showing a broad area of persistent convection that began to consolidate on November 8. [1] At 12:00 UTC the following day, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression, citing a favorable environment for development, with low to moderate vertical wind shear, moderate divergence aloft, and warm sea surface temperatures. [2] [3] By 13:00 UTC on November 10, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, citing increasing curved convective banding around the periphery and convection building over the center of the system, indicating an intensifying tropical system. [4] The next day, the JTWC designated the system as 27W, as it developed at the southeast end of an active zone extending from the Philippine Sea off the northeast coast of Luzon. [5] As it moved westward along the southern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high, the system exhibited formative convective banding wrapping cyclonically around the northern and western quadrants, signaling intensification, [6] and at 18:00 UTC on the same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Usagi; [7] it then moved into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, where PAGASA named it Ofel. [8]

Four simultaneously active tropical cyclones on November 11. From left to right: Yinxing, Toraji, Usagi, and Man-yi, the first occurrence since 1951 Typhoons Line Up in the Western Pacific.jpg
Four simultaneously active tropical cyclones on November 11. From left to right: Yinxing, Toraji, Usagi, and Man-yi, the first occurrence since 1951

Early the next day, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm, as improved convective banding wrapped around the western periphery. [10] [11] On November 12, both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a minimal typhoon, as it exhibited well-defined convective banding tightly wrapping around an obscured low-level circulation center. [12] [13] Satellite imagery reveals that the pinhole eye has contracted even further, indicating extremely rapid intensification. [14] On November 13, the JTWC reported that the system had peaked as a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon after Usagi attained 1-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), [15] while the JMA indicated that Usagi reached its peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph) and a central pressure of 940 hPa (27.76 inHg). [16] Usagi made landfall in Baggao, Cagayan, on Luzon Island at around 1:30 PM PHT (05:30 UTC) on November 14, [17] as indicated by satellite imagery, with the eye quickly filling and the central dense overcast becoming more asymmetric. [18] After crossing northern Luzon, Usagi emerged into the Babuyan Channel, moving northwestward along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high and passing close to the Babuyan Islands and northern Cagayan, [19] leading the JMA to downgrade the system to a severe tropical storm, [20] [21] while satellite imagery shows a rapidly weakening low-level circulation with deep convection flaring to the northeast of a broad, partially exposed center. [22] The system, exhibiting a very ragged appearance just southwest of Taiwan and weakening significantly due to increasing vertical wind shear, [23] exhibited disorganized rotation and slow spinning just offshore of southwestern Taiwan, prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning on November 16 as it weakened into a tropical depression. [24] Afterward, the JMA continued to track the system until it dissipated at 12:00 UTC on the same day. [25]

Preparations, impact, and aftermath

Usagi approaching the Philippines on November 12 2024 CIMSS 27W Twentyseve visible infrared satellite loop.gif
Usagi approaching the Philippines on November 12

Beginning November 12, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 for Cagayan, the Babuyan Islands and parts of Apayao and Isabela. [26] The next day, Signal No. 2 was raised over Cagayan (including Babuyan Islands) and parts of Isabela and Apayao, while Signal No. 1 was raised in Abra, Batanes, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Quirino and parts of Aurora and Nueva Vizcaya. [27] On November 12, Signal No. 3 was raised in northeastern Cagayan, while Signal No. 1 was extended to parts of Ilocos Sur. [28] PAGASA also warned of storm surges and torrential rainfall affecting northern Luzon and Aurora. [29] On November 14, PAGASA initiated Signal No. 5, its highest wind signal, for the northern portion of Cagayan, while Signal No. 4 was raised for Babuyan Islands and other parts of the province. [30] The DSWD said that it had spent ₱1 billion ( US$ 20.3 million) in funds to respond to Usagi and previous storms Tropical Storm Trami (Kristine), Typhoon Kong-rey (Leon), Yinxing (Marce) and Toraji (Nika). [31]

Two spillways in the Magat Dam were left open as a precaution. [32] Authorities advised people evacuated due to previous typhoons Yinxing (Marce) and Toraji (Nika) not to return home. [33] The DILG advised officials in the Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, and Cordillera Administrative Region to prepare resources for the storm. [34] Evacuations were also ordered in Cagayan, [35] where a red alert status was retained. [36] More than 5,000 families were evacuated in the province, [37] while 3,471 individuals were evacuated in Isabela. [38] Usagi destroyed infrastructure in Baggao, where more than 1,000 families were evacuated. [39] In Gonzaga, two houses were swept away, while uprooted trees caused a bridge to collapse in the same town, cutting off access to the neighboring town of Santa Ana, [40] [41] which was in turn affected by floods. [42] A six-year-old boy went missing after falling into a river in Amulung, Cagayan. [43] The South Korean government provided aid valued at ₱30 million ( US$ 609,137.06) through the World Food Programme to assist those affected by Trami and other recent storms, including Kong-rey, Yinxing, Toraji, and Usagi. [44] The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office donated disaster relief supplies worth over ₱5 million ( US$ 101,522.84) to the Philippines. [45]

As of November 17,2024, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported that 852,475 people were affected, with 111,658 displaced from their homes. Infrastructure damage in the Philippines amounted to ₱469.8 million ( US$ 9.54 million), while agricultural damage in Central Luzon reached ₱855,326 ( US$ 17,367.03). [46] The Philippine Coast Guard opened a donation drive for those affected by the storm. [47] However, in the NDRRMC's report on November 24, the damage of three typhoons Toraji (Nika), Usagi (Ofel) and Man-yi could reached ₱784.68 million ( US$ 15.93 million) in agriculture, while infrastructure damage reached ₱2.85 billion ( US$ 57.84 million) for a total of ₱3.63 billion ( US$ 73.78 million). Additionally, 232 cities experienced power outages, and 123,441 houses were damaged. Flooding continued to impact at least 360 areas across the country. [48] In Taiwan, the Central Weather Administration released a sea warning for the storm covering the southern part of the Taiwan Strait on November 14, followed by a land warning covering Pingtung County and the Hengchun Peninsula later in the day. [49] Several flights, ferries and train services were cancelled. [50]

A study by World Weather Attribution (WWA) in December 2024 examined the impact of six consecutive typhoons that had affected Luzon between late October and November, including Tropical Storm Trami and Typhoons Kong-rey, Yinxing, Toraji and Usagi, Man-yi. The WWA reported, "to assess whether climate change has increased the likelihood of at least three major typhoons making landfall in the Philippines in a single year." Using statistical modeling, the scientists hypothesized that "with a 1.3 °C (34.3 °F) rise in sea surface temperatures, such an event was expected to occur once every 15 years and was projected to happen every 12 years." [51]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Yinxing</span> Pacific typhoon in 2024

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Man-yi (2024)</span> Pacific typhoon

Typhoon Man-yi, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Pepito, was a powerful and long-tracked tropical cyclone that impacted the Philippines in early November 2024. Closely following Tropical Storm Trami and Typhoons Kong-rey, Yinxing, Toraji and Usagi, Man-yi became the sixth consecutive tropical system to affect the country in less than a month. It was also part of the four tropical cyclones to simultaneously exist in the Western Pacific during the month of November, the first occurrence since records began in 1951; the other three were Yinxing, Toraji, and Usagi.

References

  1. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 01Z 8 November 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  2. ↑ Warning and Summary 091200 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 9, 2024. Archived from the original on November 9, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  3. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 03Z 9 November 2024 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 9 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  4. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 10 November 2024. Archived from the original on November 10, 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  5. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 27W (Twenty-Seven) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-11. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  6. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Twenty-Seven) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-11. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  7. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning No. 8 for TS Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 4, 2024. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  8. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #1 for Tropical Storm 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA . 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  9. ↑ Shackelford, Robert (2024-11-12). "Four storms churning the West Pacific at the same time mean more bad news for the Philippines". CNN. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
  10. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Advisory for STS Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 12, 2024. Archived from the original on November 12, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  11. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 5 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-12. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  12. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Advisory for TY Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 12, 2024. Archived from the original on November 13, 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  13. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 9 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-13. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  14. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 11 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-13. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  15. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Category 4-Equivalent Super Typhoon 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 12 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-14. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  16. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Advisory for TY Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 14, 2024. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  17. ↑ Arceo, Acor (2024-11-14). "Ofel weakens into typhoon, makes landfall in Cagayan". Rappler. Retrieved 2024-11-14.
  18. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 14 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  19. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 15 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-14. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  20. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning No. 20 for STS Usagi (2425) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 14, 2024. Archived from the original on November 15, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #18 for Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA . 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  22. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 18 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-15. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  23. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 20 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-16. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  24. ↑ Tropical Depression 27W (Usagi) Warning No. 22 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 16 November 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-11-16. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  25. ↑ Warning and Summary 161200 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. November 16, 2024. Archived from the original on November 16, 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #4 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Ofel'" (PDF). PAGASA . 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  27. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #7 for Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA . 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  28. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #9 for Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA . 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  29. ↑ "Cagayan, Isabela to see torrential rain as Typhoon Ofel strengthens". Rappler. 13 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  30. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Bulletin #13 for Super Typhoon 'Ofel' (Usagi)" (PDF). PAGASA . 14 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  31. ↑ "DSWD: 5 last cyclones depleted P1B quick response fund". GMA News. 13 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  32. ↑ "Still recovering from Nika, Isabela braces for Typhoon Ofel". GMA News. 13 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  33. ↑ "Typhoon Nika evacuees in Cordillera told to stay put ahead of Ofel". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  34. ↑ "DILG asks northern Luzon LGUs to prepare resources for Ofel". GMA News. 12 November 2024. Retrieved November 12, 2024.
  35. ↑ "Evacuations, call for aid as Typhoon Ofel approaches Philippines". ABS-CBN. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  36. ↑ "Epekto ng Bagyong Ofel aasahan na sa Isabela at Cagayan". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 12 November 2024. Retrieved November 13, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Evacuees in Cagayan swell as Ofel makes landfall". GMA News. 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Bilang ng mga inilikas sa Isabela dahil sa pananalasa ng Bagyong Ofel, umabot na sa 3,471 indibidwal". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  39. ↑ "Ilang istruktura sa paaralan sa bayan ng Baggao, Cagayan, nawasak dahil sa pananalasa ng Bagyong Ofel". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  40. ↑ "Typhoon Man-yi bears down on Philippines still reeling from Usagi". France 24. 2024-11-15.
  41. ↑ "Tulay sa San Jose, Gonzaga sa Cagayan, nahati". Net 25 (in Filipino). Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  42. ↑ "Typhoon Ofel leaves trail of destruction in Cagayan". GMA News. 2024-11-15.
  43. ↑ "Search and rescue operation sa anim na taong gulang na bata sa bayan ng Amulung, nagpapatuloy". Bombo Radyo (in Filipino). 16 November 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
  44. ↑ "South Korea gives P30M to help typhoon-affected families in PH". GMA News Online. 2024-11-17. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
  45. ↑ "Taiwan donates P5-M disaster relief to storm-battered PH". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  46. ↑ Ombay, Giselle (2024-11-17). "Infra damage due to Nika, Ofel, Pepito hits P469M —NDRRMC". GMA News. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
  47. ↑ "Coast Guard calls for donations for typhoon-hit families". GMA News. 2024-11-17. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
  48. ↑ Situational Report No. 26 for the Combined Effects TCs Nika, Ofel, and Pepito (2024) (PDF) (Report). Quezon City, Philippines: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. November 24, 2024. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  49. ↑ "Taiwan issues land warning for Typhoon Usagi". Focus Taiwan. 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  50. ↑ "Flights, trains, ferry services in Taiwan affected by Typhoon Usagi". Focus Taiwan. 14 November 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  51. ↑ "Climate change supercharged late typhoon season in the Philippines, highlighting the need for resilience to consecutive events". World Weather Attribution. 12 December 2024.
Typhoon Usagi (Ofel)
Usagi 2024-11-13 1730Z.jpg
Typhoon Usagi nearing landfall at peak intensity on November 13
Tropical cyclones of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season
2024 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
TY
Ewiniar
TS
Maliksi
TD
03W
STS
Prapiroon
VSTY
Gaemi
VSTY
Ampil
STS
Maria
TS
Son-Tinh
TS
Wukong
TS
Jongdari
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
VSTY
Shanshan
TD
TD
VITY
Yagi
TD
Hone
TS
Leepi
TD
TD
TY
Bebinca
TS
Soulik
TS
Pulasan
TD
Igme
TS
Cimaron
TS
Jebi
TD
TD
VITY
Krathon
TS
Barijat
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
STS
Trami
VSTY
Kong-rey
VSTY
Yinxing
TY
Toraji
VITY
Man-yi
VSTY
Usagi
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