Decane

Last updated
Decane
Decane-2D-Skeletal.svg
DecaneFull.png
Decane 3D ball.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Decane [1]
Other names
Decyl hydride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1696981
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.262 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 204-686-4
MeSH decane
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • HD6550000
UNII
UN number 2247
  • InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 Yes check.svgY
    Key: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • CCCCCCCCCC
Properties
C10H22
Molar mass 142.286 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density 0.730 g mL−1
Melting point −30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point 173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P 5.802
Vapor pressure 195 Pa [2]
2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
−119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K) [3]
1.411–1.412
Viscosity
  • 0.850 mPa·s (25 °C) [4]
  • 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
315.46 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
425.89 J K−1 mol−1
−302.1 – −299.9 kJ mol−1
−6779.21 – −6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Flammable, moderately toxic
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg
Danger
H226, H302, H304, H305
P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g. diesel fuelInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
2
0
Flash point 46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits 0.8–2.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • >2 g kg−1(dermal, rabbit)
  • 601 mg/kg−1(oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. [5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene. [6] [7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes. [8]

Contents

Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

It can be manufactured in the laboratory without fossil fuels. [9]

Physical properties

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1. [10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "decane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  2. ↑ Yaws, Carl L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179. ISBN   0-07-073401-1.
  3. ↑ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
  4. ↑ Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41–53. Bibcode:1994JPCRD..23...41D. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ISSN   0047-2689.
  5. ↑ "75 Isomers of Decane". The Third Millennium Online! (in Latin). Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  6. ↑ "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  7. ↑ "n-Decane (Annotation)". Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  8. ↑ Griesbaum, Karl; Behr, Arno; Biedenkapp, Dieter; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Garbe, Dorothea; Paetz, Christian; Collin, Gerd; Mayer, Dieter; Höke, Hartmut (15 June 2000), "Hydrocarbons", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227, ISBN   3527306730
  9. ↑ https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101987805A/en
  10. ↑ Website of Krüss Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (8.10.2009)
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