Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

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Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine that are used as L-type calcium channel blockers. [1] They are used in the treatment of hypertension. [2]

Contents

Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure mainly by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessel walls. [3]

Class members

Dihydropyridine class L-type calcium channel blockers include, in alphabetical order (brand names vary in different countries):

NameImageBrand nameCitations
Amlodipine
Amlodipine.svg
Norvasc, Istin, Normodipine, Tenox, Cordi Cor [4]
Aranidipine
Aranidipine.svg
Sapresta (サプレスタ) [5]
Azelnidipine
Azelnidipine structure.svg
CalBlock (カルブロック) [6]
Barnidipine
Barnidipine structure.svg
Vasexten, Libradin, Cyress, HypoCa [7]
Benidipine
Benidipine structure.svg
Coniel [8]
Cilnidipine
Cilnidipine.svg
Atelec (アテレック), Cilacar, Cinalong, Siscard [9]
Clevidipine
Clevidipine structure.svg
Cleviprex [10]
Cronidipine
Cronidipine.svg
[11]
Darodipine
Darodipine structure.svg
[12]
Dexniguldipine
Dexniguldipine.svg
[13]
Efonidipine
Efonidipine structure.svg
Landel (ランデル) [14]
Elgodipine
Elgodipine.svg
[15]
Elnadipine
Elnadipine.svg
[16]
Felodipine
Felodipine structure.svg
Renedil, Plendil [17]
Flordipine
Flordipine.svg
[18]
Furnidipine
Furnidipine.svg
[19]
Iganidipine
Iganidipine.svg
[20]
Isradipine
Isradipine.svg
DynaCirc CR [21]
Lacidipine
Lacidipine structure.svg
Lacipil, Motens, Sakure
Lemildipine
Lemildipine.svg
Lercanidipine
Lercanidipine.svg
Zanidip, Zanidip-Recordati
Levamlodipine
Levamlodipine.svg
EsCordi Cor
Levniguldipine
Levniguldipine.svg
Manidipine
Manidipine.svg
Manyper, Caslot, Madipine
Nicardipine
Nicardipine.svg
Cardene, Cardene SR
Nifedipine
Nifedipine.svg
Adalat, Nifedical, Procardia, Corinfar, Cordaflex
Niguldipine
Niguldipine structure.svg
Niludipine
Niludipine.svg
Nilvadipine
Nilvadipine structure.svg
Nivadil
Nimodipine
Nimodipine structure.svg
Nimotop
Nisoldipine
Nisoldipine structure.svg
Sular, Baymycard, Syscor
Nitrendipine
Nitrendipine.svg
Baypress, Cardif, Nitrepin, Baylotensin
Olradipine
Olradipine.svg
Oxodipine
Oxodipine structure.svg
Palonidipine
Palonidipine.svg
Pranidipine
Pranidipine structure.svg
Acalas
Ryodipine
Ryodipine structure.svg
Sagandipine
Sagandipine.svg
Sornidipine
Sornidipine.svg
Teludipine
Teludipine.svg
Tiamdipine
Tiamdipine.svg
Trombodipine
Trombodipine.svg
Vatanidipine
Vatanidipine.svg

The pharmaceutical drug finerenone is also a dihydrophyridine derivative, but does not act as a calcium channel blocker but as an antimineralocorticoid. [22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bladen, Chris; Gündüz, Miyase Gözde; Şimşek, Rahime; Şafak, Cihat; Zamponi, Gerald W. (2014-10-23). "Synthesis and evaluation of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with calcium channel blocking activity". Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology. 466 (7): 1355–1363. doi:10.1007/s00424-013-1376-z. ISSN   1432-2013. PMID   24149495. S2CID   253888496.
  2. ↑ Xu, Lei; Li, Dan; Tao, Li; Yang, Yanling; Li, Youyong; Hou, Tingjun (2016). "Binding mechanisms of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives to L-type calcium channel Cav1.2: a molecular modeling study". Molecular BioSystems. 12 (2): 379–390. doi:10.1039/c5mb00781j. ISSN   1742-2051. PMID   26673131.
  3. ↑ Frishman, William H. (2007). "Calcium channel blockers: differences between subclasses". American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. 7 (Suppl 1): 17–23. doi:10.2165/00129784-200707001-00003. ISSN   1175-3277. PMID   19845073. S2CID   21199295.
  4. ↑ Bulsara, Kishen G.; Cassagnol, Manouchkathe (2022), "Amlodipine", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID   30137793 , retrieved 2023-01-05
  5. ↑ Okumura, K.; Ichihara, K.; Nagasaka, M. (1997). "Effects of aranidipine, a novel calcium channel blocker, on mechanical responses of the isolated rat portal vein: comparison with typical calcium channel blockers and potassium channel openers". Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 29 (2): 209–215. doi: 10.1097/00005344-199702000-00009 . ISSN   0160-2446. PMID   9057070.
  6. ↑ Wellington, Keri; Scott, Lesley J. (2003). "Azelnidipine". Drugs. 63 (23): 2613–2621, discussion 2623–2624. doi:10.2165/00003495-200363230-00004. ISSN   0012-6667. PMID   14636080. S2CID   263994294.
  7. ↑ Malhotra, H. S.; Plosker, G. L. (2001). "Barnidipine". Drugs. 61 (7): 989–996, discussion 997–998. doi:10.2165/00003495-200161070-00007. ISSN   0012-6667. PMID   11434453. S2CID   263999687.
  8. ↑ Opie, Lionel H. (2013-01-01), Opie, Lionel H.; Gersh, Bernard J. (eds.), "3 - Calcium channel blockers", Drugs for the Heart (Eighth Edition), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 64–92, ISBN   978-1-4557-3322-4 , retrieved 2023-01-05
  9. ↑ Shete, Mukesh Madhukar (2016). "Cilnidipine: Next Generation Calcium Channel Blocker". The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 64 (4): 95–99. ISSN   0004-5772. PMID   27734656.
  10. ↑ Deeks, Emma D.; Keating, Gillian M.; Keam, Susan J. (2009). "Clevidipine: a review of its use in the management of acute hypertension". American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs: Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions. 9 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1007/BF03256583. ISSN   1175-3277. PMID   19331440.
  11. ↑ PubChem. "Cronidipine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  12. ↑ Matucci, R.; Ottaviani, M. F.; Barbieri, M.; Cerbai, E.; Mugelli, A. (2009-02-12). "Protective effect of darodipine, a calcium antagonist, on rat cardiomyocytes against oxygen radical-mediated injury". British Journal of Pharmacology. 122 (7): 1353–1360. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701525. ISSN   0007-1188. PMC   1565083 . PMID   9421282.
  13. ↑ Hahn, K. A.; Legendre, A. M.; Schuller, H. M. (1997). "Amputation and dexniguldipine as treatment for canine appendicular osteosarcoma". Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. 123 (1): 34–38. doi:10.1007/BF01212612. ISSN   0171-5216. PMID   8996538. S2CID   21129242.
  14. ↑ Tanaka, Hikaru; Shigenobu, Koki (2002). "Efonidipine hydrochloride: a dual blocker of L- and T-type ca(2+) channels". Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. 20 (1): 81–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2002.tb00084.x . ISSN   0897-5957. PMID   12070536.
  15. ↑ Tamargo, J.; López-Sendón, J.; Delpón, E.; González-Morales, M.; de Miguel, E. (1991). "Cardiovascular effects of the new dihydropyridine derivative elgodipine". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 41 (9): 895–900. ISSN   0004-4172. PMID   1796916.
  16. ↑ PubChem. "Elnadipine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  17. ↑ Bansal, Agam B.; Khandelwal, Gaurav (2022), "Felodipine", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID   31194320 , retrieved 2023-01-05
  18. ↑ Mayhan, W. G.; Heistad, D. D. (1985). "Effect of flordipine on cerebral blood flow". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 235 (1): 92–97. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)23906-4. ISSN   0022-3565. PMID   4045730.
  19. ↑ Krzemiński, Tadeusz F.; Hudziak, Damian; Sielańczyk, Andrzej W.; Porc, Maurycy; Kedzia, Agnieszka (2008). "Differential effects of furnidipine and its active metabolites in rat isolated working heart". Vascular Pharmacology. 49 (2–3): 91–96. doi:10.1016/j.vph.2008.06.005. ISSN   1537-1891. PMID   18656554.
  20. ↑ Ishii, Kiyoshi; Matsuo, Hiroshi; Fukaya, Yasuhiro; Tanaka, Sumiyoshi; Sakaki, Hideyuki; Waki, Mitsunori; Araie, Makoto (2003). "Iganidipine, a new water-soluble Ca2+ antagonist: ocular and periocular penetration after instillation". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 44 (3): 1169–1177. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0482. ISSN   0146-0404. PMID   12601046.
  21. ↑ Schachter, M. (1991). "Isradipine". Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 16 (2): 79–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1991.tb00288.x . ISSN   0269-4727. PMID   1830320. S2CID   221850085.
  22. ↑ Tushar, Chopra; Okusa, Mark Douglas (2019-01-01), Ronco, Claudio; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Kellum, John A.; Ricci, Zaccaria (eds.), "Chapter 63 - Aldosterone Antagonists, Amiloride, and Triamterene", Critical Care Nephrology (Third Edition), Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 368–373.e1, ISBN   978-0-323-44942-7 , retrieved 2023-01-05
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