The designation "national first-grade museum" (simplified Chinese :国家一级博物馆; traditional Chinese :國家一級博物館; pinyin :guójiā yījí bówùguǎn) is the highest classification for museums in China, as determined by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH). [1]
A first-grade museum generally has a comprehensive collection of artifacts, or has a large number of items in its collection with "very high historical, cultural, scientific, and artistic value". A first-grade museum is also expected to be a social and educational institution, with a professional staff, long-term volunteers, and facilities for educational services. First-grade museums are not required to be owned by the state. State-owned museums are expected to open for more than 300 days a year, while non-state-owned museums are only expected to be open for 240 days. Performance measures for the museums are expected to be regularly published on government websites. [1]
The SACH evaluates China's museums using a scoring system comprising three criteria: "comprehensive management and infrastructure" (200 points), "collection management and scientific research" (300 points), and "exhibition and social services" (500 points), with a total score of 1000. Museums scoring more than 800 points are classified as first grade. Among the rest, those scoring more than 600 points are classified as second grade, and those with 400 to 600 points are classified as third grade. [1]
On 16 May 2008, the SACH issued the first batch of 83 national first-grade museums, including the Palace Museum. [2] However, in November 2013, 4 of the 83 museums failed to score more than 800 points in their reassessment, and were demoted to second-grade museums. They were the Beijing Planetarium, the Memorial of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in Dandong, the Chinese Navy Museum in Qingdao, and the Xiamen Overseas Chinese Museum. [3]
On 15 November 2012, the SACH announced the second batch of 17 national first-grade museums, including the National Museum of China. [4]
On 19 January 2017, the Chinese Museums Association announced the third batch of 34 national first-grade museums including the Beijing Planetarium, which had previously been demoted. [5]
As of 2013, there were 3,354 museums in China, including 811 private ones. [1] There are 131 museums classified as national first-grade as of 2017. [2] [4] [5]
In ancient times Jilin was inhabited by various peoples, notably the Mohe and the Wùjí (勿吉). It also formed a part of the Goguryeo kingdom. The kingdom of Balhae was established in the area from 698 to 926 AD. The region then fell successively under the domination of the Khitan Liao Dynasty, the Jurchen Jin dynasty, and the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, much of the area was under the control of the General of Jilin, whose area of control extended to the Sea of Japan to encompass much of what is Russia's Primorsky Krai today. Immigration of Han Chinese was strictly controlled.
A Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level, often abbreviated as guobao, is one of 5,058 monuments listed as of significant historical, artistic or scientific value by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, which is the cultural relics administrative department of the State Council of China. This is the highest level of cultural heritage register in China at the national level, although there are much wider registers of protected sites at the provincial level, the city level, and so on.
The Changsha Jiandu Museum is a history museum located at No. 92 of Baisha Road in Tianxin District, Changsha, Hunan, China. It is adjacent to Baisha Well in the south and Tianxin Pavilion in the west. Changsha Jiandu Museum is currently a large-scale modern themed museum dedicated to the collection, preservation, arrangement, study, and exhibition of bamboo and wooden slips (Jiandu). It covers an area of 14,100-square-metre (152,000 sq ft).
The Memorial Hall of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, also translated as the Korean War Museum, is a museum in Dandong, Liaoning. It is the only official museum in China that memorializes the Korean War. First established in 1953, it was rebuilt at its current location in October 1990. The new museum was opened on 27 July 1993, the 40th anniversary of the Panmunjom armistice. Since 2014 it has been closed for refurbishment. It was reopened on 9 September, 2020.
Hangzhou Museum, formerly "Hangzhou History Museum", is a national first-grade museum in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
The Jilin Provincial Museum is a first-grade museum in Changchun, Jilin province, China, dedicated to history and art. It is a subordinate unit of the Jilin Province Department of Culture and Tourism.
Xi'an Museum is a museum on Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Xi'an Museum had its official opening on 18 May 2007, "National Museum Day", with a total investment of 220 million RMB and a total area of 160,000 square meters. The complex includes three parts: the museum proper, the Tang-era Small Wild Goose Pagoda and Jianfu Temple historic area, and the museum gardens.
Wenzhou Museum is a museum run by the city of Wenzhou, located on Shifu Road, Lucheng District.