Ratagnon language

Last updated
Ratagnon
Latagnon, Datagnon
Native to Philippines
RegionSouthern tip of Mindoro
Ethnicity2,000 (1997) [1]
Native speakers
310 (2010) [1]
Dialects
  • Santa Teresa
Language codes
ISO 639-3 btn
Glottolog rata1245
ELP Ratagnon

Ratagnon (also translated as Latagnon or Datagnon, and Aradigi) is a regional language spoken by the Ratagnon people, an indigenous group from Occidental Mindoro. It is a part of the Bisayan language family and is closely related to other Philippine languages. Its speakers are shifting to Tagalog. In 2000, there were only two to five speakers of the language. However, in 2010 Ethnologue had reported there were 310 new speakers. [2]

Contents

Classification

Ratagnon is closely related to the Cuyonon language, a Bisayan language spoken in the Cuyo Archipelago just to the south of Mindoro. [3]

This may be brought about by migrations of Cuyonons to the southern tip of Mindoro, akin to their migrations to mainland Palawan, a very much gradual process. It could be inferred that these migrations happened at an earlier date before the migrations to mainland Palawan started (around the mid- to late 19th century) due to its diversion from the Cuyonon language (Given that Ratagnon descended from an older language spoken in the general area West of Panay, Ratagnon and Cuyonon are classified under Kuyan), whereas the Cuyonon of mainland Palawan, Calamian and that of the Cuyo itself remain the same language with relatively little dialectal difference.[ citation needed ]

Distribution

According to the Ethnologue , Ratagnon is spoken in the southernmost extreme tip of Mindoro islands, including the municipalities of Magsaysay and Bulalacao.

Barbian (1977a) lists the following locations.

Vocabulary

Barbian (1977) provides lexical and phonological data for Ratagnon.

Numerals
EnglishRatagnonCuyononKinaray-a
OneIsaraIsaraSara
TwoDaruwaDarwaDarwa
ThreeTatloTatloTatlo
FourApatApatApat
FiveLimaLimaLima
SixAnumAnemAnem
SevenPitoPitoPito
EightWaloWaloWalo
NineSiyamSiyamSiyam
TenNapuloSampuloPulo

In contrast to Cuyonon, Ratagnon dropped the schwa /ë/ sound, instead opting for a u/o sound. It too borrowed lexical terms from the languages of its Mangyan neighbors and to a lesser extent Spanish It is notable in Barbian's Mangyan – English Vocabulary, 1977 that by that time,[ clarification needed ] Ratagnon might have already experienced heavy Tagalization, present in words such as 'heart', tagiposon in Cuyonon, albeit puso in Ratagnon, same with Tagalog's puso. The word 'why', ayamo in Cuyonon, is noted as bakit and basi in Ratagnon, bakit (bakin + at) being a loan from Tagalog, and basi, a Hanunuo Ambahan term (hayga being non-Ambahan), perhaps inferring that basi is a loan from Ratagnon, as Ambahans have been known to use archaic Hanunuo terms and loans from various languages, one being Ratagnon. This phenomenon is also observed in the Hanunuo traditions of Urukay, perhaps closely related to the Erekay of the Cuyonons, both being a form of Balagtasan. Ratagnon also has terms specific to the lowland river surroundings which are not present in modern Cuyonon, most of which are borrowings from Hanunuo and Buhid, whereas a few are either archaic Cuyonon terms or innovations made within the Ratagnon language. Aside from the aforementioned differences from the Cuyonon language, the two languages are still very much mutually intelligible.

Differences from Cuyonon include:

The usage of the t sound over the d sound, present in:

t and d
EnglishRatagnonCuyonon
fearatlokadlek

Usage of the k sound over the g sound:

k and g
EnglishRatagnonCuyonon
landluktalogta

The aforementioned dropping of the schwa for the u sound present in:

u and ë
EnglishRatagnonCuyonon
ours (pronoun)kanamunkanamen
mine (pronoun)akunaken
straightmatadlongmatadleng

The preference for the l over the r sound:

l and r
EnglishRatagnonCuyonon
pointedmalawismarawis

There are some words that differ in meaning between Cuyonon and Ratagnon; this is most notable in terms specific to their respective surroundings, which has created false friends with almost the same, yet different, meanings.

False Friends
EnglishRatagnonCuyonon
to cross from:tabók (one side of the river to another)tabók (to cross from a bigger island to a smaller one, ant. of lekas)
crosstabók (general crossing)lagted
Influences of Tagalog on Ratagnon
EnglishRatagnonCuyononTagalog
whybakitayamobakit
thereduonondoto, dogto (archaic)doon
heartpusotagiposonpuso
Comparison Chart
EnglishRatagnonCuyononHanunuoBuhidTagalog
housebalabagbalaylabaglabaganbahay
dogayamtioiduiduaso
coldmaramigmaramigmaramigmagnaw, matiísmalamig
plain/flatlandratag/latag/dataglatagan/dataganratagdatagpatag
body hairbulbolbolbolbulboluladbalahibo
leftwalawalawala, wal'anagwalakaliwa
rightkanan
nothingaraarawala
straightmatadlongmatadlengmatul'id, malawismatadlong, malawistuwid
oucharoyaroyadug, adoyadoyaray
heredigédigi/dagidito/diné (Southern Tagalog dialects)
thisdigédia/dagi/daya (archaic)ito/aré (Southern Tagalog dialects)
getbuulbelkuha
putbutangbetanglagay
sandbarasbarasbuhangin
townbanwabanwabayan
singarukaykantakanta/awit
love songambalanbalitawharana
cradle songsandawsandawoyayi/hele
wildernesstalontalonan/talonkagubatan
yeardagondagontaon
happenatabon/atabonangyari

Notes

  1. 1 2 "Ratagnon".
  2. Ratagnon at Ethnologue .
  3. Zorc 1977.

References