| Yogad | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Luzon |
Native speakers | (16,000 cited 1990 census) [1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | yog |
| Glottolog | yoga1237 |
 Area where the Yogad language is spoken | |
Yogad is an Austronesian language spoken primarily in Echague and other nearby towns in Isabela province in northern Philippines. The 1990 census claimed there were around 16,000 speakers. [2]
Anthropologist H. Otley Beyer describes Yogad as a variant of Gaddang language and the people as a sub-group of the Gaddang people in his 1917 catalogue of Philippines ethnic groups. [3] Glottolog presently groups it as a member of the Gaddangic group; in 2015, however, Ethnologue placed Yogad as a separate member of the Ibanagic language family. Godfrey Lambrecht, CICM, also distinguished separately the peoples who spoke the two languages. [4]
The Yogad alphabet has 21 letters composed of 16 consonants and 5 vowels. [5]
| Majuscule Letter | A | B | K | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscule Letter | a | b | k | d | e | f | g |
| IPA | /a/ | /b/ | /k/ | /d/ | /ɛ/ | /f/ | /ɡ/ |
| Majuscule Letter | H | I | L | M | N | NG | O |
| Minuscule Letter | h | i | l | m | n | ng | o |
| IPA | /h/ | /i/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ |
| Majuscule Letter | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y |
| Minuscule Letter | p | r | s | t | u | w | y |
| IPA | /p/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /w/ | /j/ |
Cagayan, officially the Province of Cagayan, is a province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region, covering the northeastern tip of Luzon. Its capital is Tuguegarao, the largest city of that province as well as the regional center of Cagayan Valley. It is about 431 kilometres (268 mi) northwest of Manila, and includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The province borders Ilocos Norte and Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to the south.
Isabela, officially the Province of Isabela, is the second largest province in the Philippines in land area located in the Cagayan Valley. Its capital and the largest local government unit is the city of Ilagan. It is bordered by the provinces of Cagayan to the north, Kalinga to the northwest, Mountain Province to the central-west, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya to the southwest, Quirino, Aurora and the independent city of Santiago to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the east.
Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest town is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera in northern Luzon, Philippines, often referred to by the exonym Igorot people, or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples, are an ethnic group composed of nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains are in the Cordillera Mountain Range, altogether numbering about 1.8 million people in the early 21st century.
The Ibanag are an ethnolinguistic minority numbering a little more than half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya. They are one of the largest ethnolinguistic minorities in the Philippines.
Cauayan, officially the City of Cauayan, is a 2nd class component city in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 143,403 people.
Angadanan, officially the Municipality of Angadanan, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 44,977.
Echague, officially the Municipality of Echague, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 88,410 people. The town is known for the indigenous and endangered Yogad language, which is spoken and conserved by its locals.
Jones, officially the Municipality of Jones, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 45,628 people.
San Isidro, officially the Municipality of San Isidro, is a 5th class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 27,044 people.
Bayombong, officially the Municipality of Bayombong, is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 67,714 people.
The Philippine crocodile, also known as the Mindoro crocodile, the Philippine freshwater crocodile, the bukarot in Ilocano, and more generally as a buwaya in most Filipino lowland cultures, is one of two species of crocodiles found in the Philippines; the other is the larger saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). The Philippine crocodile, the species endemic only to the country, went from data deficient to critically endangered in 2008 from exploitation and unsustainable fishing methods, such as dynamite fishing. Conservation methods are being taken by the Dutch/Filipino Mabuwaya foundation, the Crocodile Conservation Society and the Zoological Institute of HerpaWorld in Mindoro island. It is strictly prohibited to kill a crocodile in the country, and it is punishable by law.
Henry Otley Beyer was an American anthropologist, who spent most of his adult life in the Philippines teaching Philippine indigenous culture. A.V.H. Hartendorp called Beyer the "Dean of Philippine ethnology, archaeology, and prehistory".
The Gaddang language is spoken by up to 30,000 speakers in the Philippines, particularly along the Magat and upper Cagayan rivers in the Region II provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela and by overseas migrants to countries in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, in the Middle East, United Kingdom and the United States. Most Gaddang speakers also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon, as well as Tagalog and English. Gaddang is associated with the "Christianized Gaddang" people, and is closely related to the highland tongues of Ga'dang with 6,000 speakers, Yogad, Cagayan Agta with less than 1,000 and Atta with 2,000, and more distantly to Ibanag, Itawis, Isneg and Malaweg.
Itawis is a Northern Philippine language spoken by the Itawis people, closely related to the Gaddang speech found in Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya. It also has many similarities to the neighboring Ibanag tongue, while remaining quite different from the prevalent Ilocano spoken in the region and the Tagalog-based Filipino national language.
Arta is a highly endangered Negrito language of the northern Philippines.
The Gaddang are an indigenous peoples and a linguistically identified ethnic group residing for centuries in the watershed of the Cagayan River in Northern Luzon, Philippines. Gaddang speakers were recently reported to number as many as 30,000, a number that does not include another 6,000 related Ga'dang speakers or other small linguistic-groups whose vocabularies are more than 75% identical.
The Ibanag language is an Austronesian language spoken by up to 500,000 speakers, most particularly by the Ibanag people, in the Philippines, in the northeastern provinces of Isabela and Cagayan, especially in Tuguegarao, Solana, Abulug, Camalaniugan, Lal-lo, Cabagan, Tumauini, San Pablo, Sto. Tomas, Sta. Maria, and Ilagan and other neighboring towns and villages around the Cagayan River and with overseas immigrants in countries located in the Middle East, United Kingdom, and the United States. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of northern Luzon island. The name Ibanag comes from the prefix I which means 'people of', and bannag, meaning 'river'. It is closely related to Gaddang, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad, Isneg, and Malaweg.
The Cagayan Valley languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. They are:
The Northern Luzon languages are one of the few established large groups within Philippine languages. These are mostly located in and around the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon in the Philippines. Among its major languages are Ilocano, Pangasinan and Ibanag.
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