List of Atlantic hurricane seasons

Last updated

1494–1850 (pre-HURDAT era)

PeriodSeasonsIndividual years
Pre-19th century Pre-17th century (pre 1600), 17th century (1600s), 18th century (1700s) 1780
1800–1850 1800–1809, 1810–1819, 1820–1829, 1830–1839, 1840–1849 1842, 1850.

1851–1899 (within HURDAT data)

1850s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1851 63136.2424 3  "San Agapito"  3  "San Agapito" First Atlantic hurricane season to be included in the HURDAT.
1852 55173.28100+ 3  "Great Mobile"  3  "Great Mobile" One of three seasons in which all known cyclones became hurricanes.
1853 84276.4940 4  Three Earliest known Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale.
1854 53131.0030+ 3  "South Carolina"  3  "South Carolina"
1855 54118.12Unknown 3  "Middle Gulf Shore"  3  "Middle Gulf Shore"
1856 64248.94200+ 4  "Last Island"  3  "Southeastern States"
 4  "Last Island"
1857 43046.84424 2  SS Central America Disaster
 2  Four
 2  SS Central America Disaster
1858 66044.79None 2  Three
 2  Six
 2  Hurricane Three One of three seasons in which all known cyclones became hurricanes.
1859 87155.73Numerous 3  Six  1  Hurricane Five
 3  Hurricane Six
 1  Hurricane Eight

1860s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1860 76162.0660+ 3  One  3  Hurricane One
1861 86049.7122+ 2  One
 2  Three
 1  "Key West"
 1  "Expedition"
1862 63046.033 2  Two
 2  Three
1863 95050.3590 2  "Amanda"  2  "Amanda"
1864 53026.55None 1  One
 1  Three
 1  Five
1865 73049.13326 2  Four
 2  Seven
 2  Hurricane Four
1866 76183.65383 4  "Nassau"  4  "Nassau"
1867 97159.97811 3  "San Narciso"  3  "San Narciso"
1868 43034.652 2  One
 2  Two
 2  Four
1869 107151.0238 3  New England Gale  3  New England Gale
 2  Saxby Gale

1870s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1870 1110287.802,052 3  Four  3  "First Key West"
 2  "Second Key West"
1871 86288.3930 3  Three
 3  "Santa Juana"
 3  Hurricane Three
 3  "Santa Juana"
1872 54065.38Unknown 2  Two
1873 53269.47626 3  "Central Florida"  3  "Central Florida"
1874 74047.05Unknown 2  Seven
1875 65172.48800 3  "Indianola"  3  "Indianola"
1876 54256.0519 3  "San Felipe"  3  "San Felipe"
 3  "Cuba-South Florida"
1877 83173.3634 3  "Florida Panhandle"  3  "Florida Panhandle"
1878 12102180.85108 4  Seven  2  Gale of 1878 First known above-average season (in modern-day terms)
1879 86263.6347 3  "Louisiana"  3  "Great Beaufort"
 3  "Louisiana"

1880s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1880 1192131.08133 4  Eight  4  Hurricane Two
1881 74059.25700 2  "Georgia"  2  "Georgia"
1882 64259.476 4  "Cuba"  3  "Pensacola"
 4  "Cuba"
1883 43266.70236 3  Two  3  "Bahamas-North Carolina"
1884 44172.068 3  Two
1885 86058.3025 2  Two
1886 12104166.17200+ 4  "Indianola"  4  "Indianola"
 3  "Cuba"
 3  "Texas-Louisiana"
Seven hurricanes struck the United States, the most during a single year. [1]
1887 19112181.262 3  Seven Record five off-season storms.
1888 96284.95924 3  "San Gil"  3  "Louisiana"
 3  "San Gil"
1889 960104.0440 2  Six

1890s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1890 42133.3514 3  Three
1891 1071116.11700+ 3  "Martinique"  3  "Martinique"
1892 950115.8416 2  Three
 2  Five
 2  Seven
1893 12105231.154,028 4  "Cheniere Caminada"  3  "San Roque"
 3  "New York"
 3  "Sea Islands"
 3  "Charleston"
 4  "Cheniere Caminada"
Two hurricanes caused more than 2,000 deaths in the United States.
Four simultaneous hurricanes on August 22, one of two times on record.
1894 754135.42200+ 4  Six  3  "Florida Panhandle"
1895 62068.7756 2  Two
1896 762136.08286 3  "Cedar Keys"  3  "San Ramón"
 3  "Cedar Keys"
1897 63054.54262 2  One
1898 1151113.24562 4  "Georgia"  4  "Georgia"
1899 1052151.034,167 4  "San Ciríaco"  4  "San Ciríaco" The San Ciríaco hurricane was the longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane on record

1900s

NOTE: In the following tables, all estimates of damage costs are expressed in contemporaneous US dollars (USD).

Contents

1900s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1900 73283.358,000+$35.4M 4  "Galveston"  4  "Galveston" The Galveston hurricane was the deadliest disaster in the United States.
1901 136098.9835-40$1M 2  Seven  1  "Louisiana"
1902 53032.655Unknown 2  Four
1903 1071102.07222$18.5M 3  "Jamaica"  3  "Jamaica"
 1  "Florida"
 2  "New Jersey"
1904 64030.35112$2.5M 1  Two  1  One
1905 51128.388Unknown 3  Four
1906 1163162.88381$25.4M 4  Four  3  "Mississippi"
 3  "Florida Keys"
1907 50013.06NoneUnknown TS  One One of two seasons with no recorded hurricanes, the other being 1914.
1908 106195.1137Unknown 3  Six Includes the only known March tropical cyclone in the basin.
1909 126493.344,673$77.3M 3  "Grand Isle"  3  "Velasco"
 3  "Monterrey"
 3  "Grand Isle"
 3  "Florida Keys"
 2  "Greater Antilles"

1910s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1910 53163.90100$1.25M 4  "Cuba"  4  "Cuba"
1911 63034.2927$3M 2  Three
1912 74157.26116$1.6M 3  "Jamaica"  3  "Jamaica"
1913 64035.605$4M 1  Four
1914 1002.530Unknown TS  One Least active season on record.
One of two seasons with no recorded hurricanes, along with 1907.
1915 653130.10675$63M 4  "New Orleans"  4  "Galveston"
 4  "New Orleans"
Two Category 4 hurricanes made landfall in the United States.
1916 15105144.0131$5.9M 4  "Texas"  3  "Gulf Coast"
 3  "Charleston"
 4  "Texas"
1917 42260.6776$170,000 4  "Nueva Gerona"  4  "Nueva Gerona"
1918 64139.8755$5M 3  "Louisiana"  3  "Louisiana"
1919 52155.04828$22M 4  "Florida Keys"  4  "Florida Keys"

1920s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1920 54029.811$1.5M 2  "Louisiana"  2  "Louisiana"
1921 75286.536$36.5M 4  "Tampa Bay"  3  "San Pedro"
 4  "Tampa Bay"
1922 53154.52105$2.3M 3  Two
1923 94149.3115$1.3M 3  Five
1924 1152100.19179Unknown 5  "Cuba"  5  "Cuba" First official Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale.
1925 4107.2559+$19.9M 1  One  TS  "Florida"
1926 1186229.561,448$247.4M 4  "Miami"  4  "Nassau"
 3  "Nova Scotia"
 3  "Louisiana"
 4  "Miami"
 4  "Havana–Bermuda"
1927 84156.48184Unknown 3  "Nova Scotia"  3  "Nova Scotia"
1928 64183.484,289$102M 5  "Okeechobee"  5  "Okeechobee" Least active season that featured a category 5 hurricane, tied with 1977.

One of five seasons to have a category 5 as the sole major hurricane of the season.

1929 53148.0762$10.0M 4  "Bahamas"  4  "Bahamas"

1930s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1930 32249.778,000$50M 4  "San Zenón"  4  "San Zenón" The San Zenón hurricane was the fifth deadliest on record.
Second least active season in terms of tropical storms.
1931 133147.842,502$7.5M 4  "British Honduras"  4  "British Honduras"
1932 1564169.663,315$37M 5  "Cuba"  4  "Freeport"
 5  "Bahamas"
 4  "San Ciprián"
 5  "Cuba"
Only season with a Category 5 hurricane in November, which was the longest lasting category 5, at 3.6 days.

First season to have multiple (more than one) Category 5 hurricanes.

1933 20116258.57651$86.6M 5  "Tampico"  4  "Chesapeake–Potomac"
 5  "Cuba–Brownsville"
 4  "Treasure Coast"
 4  "Outer Banks"
 5  "Tampico"
Fourth most active season on record.

Most Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) in an Atlantic season on record.

1934 137179.072,017$4.26M 3  Thirteen
1935 853106.212,604$12.5M 5  "Labor Day"  5  "Labor Day"
 4  "Cuba"
Most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricane known to date ("Labor Day").
1936 177199.785$1.23M 3  "Mid-Atlantic"
1937 114165.850Unknown 3  Six
1938 94277.58~700$290.3M 5  "New England"  5  "New England" Earliest-starting season on record (January 3).
1939 63143.685Unknown 4  Five

1940s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest stormMajor landfalling stormsNotes
1940 96067.79101$4.7M 2  "New England"  2  "South Carolina"
1941 64351.7763$10M 4  "Nicaragua"  3  "Texas"
 4  "Nicaragua"
 3  "Florida"
1942 114162.4917$30.6M 3  "Matagorda"  3  "Matagorda"
1943 105294.0119$17.2M 4  Three  2  "Surprise" First year of hurricane hunters.
1944 1483104.451,153$202M 5  "Great Atlantic"  5  "Great Atlantic"
 4  "Cuba–Florida"
Great Atlantic hurricane was the only Category 5 of the entire decade
1945 115263.4280$80M 4  "Homestead"  3  "Texas"
 4  "Homestead"
1946 73019.615$5.2M 2  Four  2  "Florida"
1947 105288.4994$145.3M 4  "Fort Lauderdale"  4  "Fort Lauderdale" (George)
 2  "Cape Sable" (King)
First year of internal Atlantic tropical cyclone naming. [2]
1948 106494.9894$30.9M 4  "Florida"
 4  "Bermuda-Newfoundland"
 4  "Florida" (Easy)
 3  "Miami" (Fox)
1949 167396.453$58.2M 4  "Florida"  4  "Florida"
 2  "Texas"

1950s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest storm Retired namesNotes
1950 16116211.2820$37M 4  Dog NoneFirst year of external Atlantic tropical cyclone naming

Record-breaking 8 tropical storms in October.

1951 1283126.33257$80M 4  Easy None
1952 115269.08607$3.75M 4  Fox NoneIncludes the only known February tropical cyclone in the basin.
1953 147398.511$6M 5  Carol NoneFirst year of female names for storms. [3]
One of only 4 seasons to have both a preseason and postseason storm.

Carol was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired (Carol was retired in 1954 as a Category 3)

1954 1673110.881,069$752M 4  Hazel  3  Carol
 3  Edna
 4  Hazel
Includes Alice, one of two storms in the basin to span two calendar years. [4]
1955 1394158.171,518$1.2bn 5  Janet  4  Connie
 2  Diane
 4  Ione
 5  Janet
1956 124156.6776$67.8M 3  Betsy None
1957 83278.66513$152.5M 4  Carrie  3  Audrey One of only three seasons to feature a major hurricane in June.
1958 1273109.6941$12M 4  Helene None
1959 147277.1159$23.3M 4  Gracie None
Total12868291096.384,161$2.54bnJanet8 names

1960s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired
names
Notes
1960 84272.90455$442.34M 4  Donna  4  Donna
1961 1285188.89345$392M 5  Hattie  4  Carla
 5  Hattie
Two Category 5 hurricanes.
Lowest number of named storms for an extremely active season.

Esther was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired

1962 74050.4539>$4.88M 2  Ella None
1963 1073112.097,225$589M 4  Flora  4  FloraFlora was the sixth-deadliest hurricane on record.
1964 1375153.04261$605M 4  Cleo  4  Cleo
 4  Dora
 4  Hilda
1965 104186.7476$1.45bn 4  Betsy  4  BetsyBetsy became the first Atlantic tropical cyclone to inflict at least $1 billion USD in damages.
1966 1573138.681,094$410M 5  Inez  5  InezOne of only three seasons to feature a major hurricane in June.
1967 1561125.4364$217M 5  Beulah  5  BeulahFirst hurricane season in the modern satellite era.
Features the highest number of tropical depressions in a season at the time.

One of five seasons to have a category 5 as the sole major hurricane of the season.

1968 85046.6010$10M 2  Gladys NoneThere was one subtropical storm with Category 1 hurricane strength.
1969 18123149.25364$1.7bn 5  Camille  5  CamilleTied for the third most hurricanes in a season on record.
Total11664231124.099,933$5.82bnCamille11 names

1970s

YearTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired
names
Notes
1970 147266.6371$454M 4  Celia  4  CeliaFirst season of a 24-year period of decreased activity in the Atlantic (-AMO)
Current extent of the reanalysis project as of January 2022
1971 136196.5345$213M 5  Edith NoneIncludes first documented hurricane to cross Central America, Irene.

One of five seasons to have a category 5 as the sole major hurricane of the season.

Edith was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired

1972 73035.61122$2.1bn 2  Betty  1  Agnes Includes three subtropical storms.
1973 84147.8515$18M 3  Ellen None
1974 114268.138,260+$1.97bn 4  Carmen  4  Carmen
 2  Fifi
Includes four subtropical storms.
Fifi was the fourth-deadliest hurricane on record.
1975 96376.0680$100M 4  Gladys  3  Eloise
1976 106284.1772$100M 3  Belle NoneIncludes two subtropical storms.
1977 65125.3210$10M 5  Anita  5  AnitaFeatures the strongest Atlantic hurricane to strike Mexico.

Least active season to feature a category 5, tied with 1928. One of five seasons to have a category 5 as the sole major hurricane of the season.

1978 125263.2237$45M 4  Greta  4  GretaIncludes one off-season subtropical storm.
1979 96292.922,118$4.3bn 5  David  5  David
 4  Frederic
First year for alternating male/female names.
Includes one subtropical storm of Category 1 strength.
Total99511665710,830+$9.31bnDavid9 names

1980s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired
names
Notes
1980 181192148.94256$1bn 5  Allen  5  AllenIncludes the storm with the highest sustained winds attained so far in the Atlantic.
1981 221273100.3810$45M 4  Harvey None
1982 962131.50141$100M 4  Debby None
1983 743117.4022$2.6bn 3  Alicia  3  AliciaLeast active hurricane season in the satellite era, in terms of both named storms and ACE

No storms were active in October.

1984 20135184.3035$66M 4  Diana NoneLatest forming A-named storm on record.
1985 14117387.98241$4.5bn 4  Gloria  3  Elena
 4  Gloria
Hurricane Kate struck Florida on November 21, the latest United States hurricane landfall.
1986 1064035.7970$57M 2  Earl None
1987 1473134.3610$90M 3  Emily None
1988 191253102.99550$7bn 5  Gilbert  5  Gilbert
 4  Joan
Included the strongest hurricane on record until 2005
First hurricane since 1978 to cross Central America.

Last until 1996, and 2022 to be a Pacific-Atlantic crossover.

1989 151172135.13112$10.7bn 5  Hugo  5  HugoHugo held the record for costliest U.S. hurricane for 3 years until Andrew.
Total148935217778.711,447$26.2bnGilbert7 names

1990s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired
names
Notes
1990 16148196.80116$150M 3  Gustav  2  Diana
 1  Klaus
No tropical storms or hurricanes made landfall in the United States.
1991 1284235.5430$2.5bn 4  Claudette  3  Bob Featured the Perfect Storm—a deliberately unnamed hurricane that made landfall in Atlantic Canada.
1992 1074176.2266$27bn 5  Andrew  5  AndrewHurricane Andrew was the costliest U.S. hurricane until 2005.

One of five seasons to have a category 5 as the sole major hurricane of the season.

1993 1084138.67274$271M 3  Emily NoneNo storms were active in October.
1994 1273032.021,184$1.56bn 2  Florence NoneLast season of a 24-year period of decreased activity in the Atlantic (-AMO).
1995 2119115227.10115$9.3bn 4  Opal  4  Luis
 3  Marilyn
 4  Opal
 3  Roxanne
Tied for fifth most active season on record (with 1887, 2010, 2011 and 2012).
First season of an ongoing period of increased activity in the Atlantic (+AMO).
1996 131396166.18179$3.8bn 4  Edouard  1  Cesar
 3  Fran
 4  Hortense
1997 983140.9311$110M 3  Erika NoneLeast active August (0) and September (1) combined, tied with 1914.
1998 1414103181.7712,000+$12.2bn 5  Mitch  4  Georges
 5  Mitch
Four simultaneous hurricanes on September 26, the first time since 1893.
Mitch was the deadliest hurricane in over 200 years.
1999 161285176.53465$5.9bn 4  Floyd  4  Floyd
 4  Lenny
Most Category 4 hurricanes on record, later tied by 2005 and 2020.
Total13311064251071.7514,440$62.7bnMitch15 names

2000s

NOTE: In the following tables, all estimates of damage costs are expressed in contemporaneous US dollars (USD).

2000s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired namesNotes
2000 191583119.145105$1.3bn 4  Keith  4  KeithFeatures Hurricane Alberto—the longest-traveled hurricane in the Atlantic.
2001 171594110.32153$11.4bn 4  Michelle  TS  Allison
 4  Iris
 4  Michelle
Allison was the first Atlantic tropical storm weaker than a hurricane to have its name retired.
2002 14124267.9950$2.5bn 3  Isidore  3  Isidore
 4  Lili
Gustav was the first Atlantic storm that was given a name out of the common six-year rotating lists while subtropical.
2003 211673176.8493$6.3bn 5  Isabel  4  Fabian
 5  Isabel
 2  Juan
Ana formed in April—one of two storms that was given a name to do so.
Includes 3 off-season storms.
2004 161596226.883,260$61.2bn 5  Ivan  4  Charley
 4  Frances
 5  Ivan
 3  Jeanne
Featured Ivan, the southernmost hurricane in the basin (9.5°N).
Features 4 hurricanes to make landfall in Florida; Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne.
2005 3128157250.133,912$171.8bn 5  Wilma  4  Dennis
 5  Katrina
 5  Rita
 1  Stan
 5  Wilma
Second-costliest hurricane season on record.
Holds the records for most hurricanes, major hurricanes, and Category 5 hurricanes.
Most retired names.
The first year to use the Greek alphabet, later also used in 2020.
Includes 1 subtropical storm and 1 subtropical depression.
Emily was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired.
2006 10105278.5414$504.4M 3  Gordon
 3  Helene
NoneNo storms formed in October.
2007 17156273.89478$3.4bn 5  Dean  5  Dean
 5  Felix
 1  Noel
First season on record with two hurricanes landfalling at Category 5 intensity (Dean and Felix).
2008 171685145.721,073$49.4bn 4  Ike  4  Gustav
 4  Ike
 4  Paloma
Only year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November.
2009 1193252.589$58M 4  Bill NoneSecond-lowest number of hurricanes in the satellite era.
Total17315174361302.029,146$307.9bnWilma24 names

2010s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired namesNotes
2010 2119125165.48393$7.4bn 4  Igor  4  Igor
 2  Tomas
Fifth most active season on record (tied with 1887, 1995, 2011 and 2012).
2011 201974126.30112$17.4bn 4  Ophelia  3  Irene Fifth most active season on record (tied with 1887, 1995, 2010 and 2012).
2012 1919102132.63355$72.3bn 3  Sandy  3  Sandy Fifth most active season on record (tied with 1887, 1995, 2010 and 2011).
2013 15142036.1254$1.5bn 1  Humberto  1  Ingrid Featured one unnamed subtropical storm in December.
First season since 1986 and 1994 with no major hurricanes.
2014 986266.7321$371.6M 4  Gonzalo NoneFeatured the fewest tropical storms since 1997.
2015 12114262.6989$813.9M 4  Joaquin  TS  Erika
 4  Joaquin
Erika was the second Atlantic tropical storm to have its name retired, following Tropical Storm Allison in 2001.
2016 161574141.25736≥$17.5bn 5  Matthew  5  Matthew
 3  Otto
Alex became the first satellite-era January hurricane.
2017 1817106224.873,364≥$294.7bn 5  Maria  4  Harvey
 5  Irma
 5  Maria
 1  Nate
Arlene formed in April—one of two storms that was given a name to do so.
Costliest tropical cyclone season on record.
2018 161582132.58172≥$50.5bn 5  Michael  4  Florence
 5  Michael
Includes seven storms that were subtropical at one point.
2019 201863132.20118$11.6bn 5  Dorian  5  Dorian Includes two subtropical storms.
Lorenzo was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired.
Total16615572301220.865,413$474.1bnMaria16 names

2020s

YearTCTSHMHACEDeathsDamageStrongest
storm
Retired
names
Notes
2020 3130147180.37432>$54.3bn 4  Iota  4  Laura
 4  Eta
 4  Iota
Most active season in terms of tropical depressions and named storms.
Tied with 2005 for most recorded major hurricanes.
Second and final season after 2005 to use the Greek alphabet.
2021 212174145.55197$80.8bn 4  Sam  4  Ida Third most active season on record.
2022 16148295.1304>$117.7bn 4  Fiona
 4  Fiona
 5  Ian
First season not to have above-average activity since 2015.
First season since 1988 and 1996 with more than one Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricane (Bonnie and Julia).
2023 212073145.619>$4.1bn 5  Lee NoneFourth most active season on record (tied with 1933).
Featured one unnamed subtropical storm in January.
Lee was one of six Category 5 hurricanes whose name was not retired.
2024 1818115161.6401>$128bn 5  Milton TBDFeatured Beryl, the earliest forming Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin.
Featured Milton, the fifth most powerful hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin.
Featured Oscar, the smallest hurricane recorded in the Atlantic basin.
2025 00000NoneNoneTBD
Total1071034721728.22≥1,353>$384.9bnMilton6 names

References

  1. Hurricane Research Division (2008). "Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2007". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  2. Dorst, Neal (October 23, 2012). "They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclones" (PPTX). Hurricane Research Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. Slides 49–51.
  3. "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  4. Knabb, Richard D; Brown, Daniel P (March 17, 2006). "Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Zeta" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 11, 2020.