Minimalist film

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Minimalist cinema is related to the art and philosophy of minimalism.

Contents

Background

In film, minimalism usually is associated with filmmakers such as Robert Bresson, Chantal Akerman, Carl Theodor Dreyer, and Yasujirō Ozu. Their films typically tell a simple story with straightforward camera usage and minimal use of score. Paul Schrader named their kind of cinema: "transcendental cinema". [1] In the present, a commitment to minimalist filmmaking can be seen in film movements such as Dogme 95, mumblecore, and the Romanian New Wave. Abbas Kiarostami, [2] Elia Suleiman, [3] and Kelly Reichardt are also considered minimalist filmmakers.

The Minimalists – Joshua Fields Millburn, Ryan Nicodemus, and Matt D'Avella – directed and produced the film Minimalism: A Documentary, [4] which showcased the idea of minimal living in the modern world.

Notable filmmakers

This type of film includes the works of directors like:

List of notable minimalist films

20th century

21st century

Sources

[37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]

[52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60]

[61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77]

[78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126]

[127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] [133] [21] [134]

[135] [136] [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] [29] [148] [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] [165] [166] [167] [168] [169] [170]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minimalism</span> Movements in various forms of art and design

In visual arts, music and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in the post-war era in Western art. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary post-minimal art practices, which extend or reflect on minimalism's original objectives. Minimalism's key objectives were to strip away conventional characterizations of art through bringing the importance of the object or the experience a viewer has for the object with minimal mediation from the artist.Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt and Frank Stella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Bresson</span> French film director (1901–1999)

Robert Bresson was a French film director. Known for his ascetic approach, Bresson made a notable contribution to the art of cinema; his non-professional actors, ellipses, and sparse use of scoring have led his works to be regarded as preeminent examples of minimalist film. Much of his work is known for being tragic in story and nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yasujirō Ozu</span> Japanese filmmaker (1903–1963)

Yasujirō Ozu was a Japanese filmmaker. He began his career during the era of silent films, and his last films were made in colour in the early 1960s. Ozu first made a number of short comedies, before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s. The most prominent themes of Ozu's work are family and marriage, and especially the relationships between generations. His most widely beloved films include Late Spring (1949), Tokyo Story (1953) and An Autumn Afternoon (1962).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aki Kaurismäki</span> Finnish film director

Aki Olavi Kaurismäki is a Finnish film director and screenwriter. He is best known for the award-winning Drifting Clouds (1996), The Man Without a Past (2002), Le Havre (2011), The Other Side of Hope (2017) and Fallen Leaves (2023), as well as Leningrad Cowboys Go America (1989). He has been described as Finland's best-known film director.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbas Kiarostami</span> Iranian filmmaker (1940–2016)

Abbas Kiarostami was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, photographer, and film producer. An active filmmaker from 1970, Kiarostami had been involved in the production of over forty films, including shorts and documentaries. Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy (1987–1994), Close-Up (1990), The Wind Will Carry Us (1999), and Taste of Cherry (1997), which was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival that year. In later works, Certified Copy (2010) and Like Someone in Love (2012), he filmed for the first time outside Iran: in Italy and Japan, respectively. His films Where Is the Friend's Home? (1987), Close-Up, and The Wind Will Carry Us were ranked among the 100 best foreign films in a 2018 critics' poll by BBC Culture. Close-Up was also ranked one of the 50 greatest movies of all time in the famous decennial Sight & Sound poll conducted in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Rosenbaum</span> American film critic

Jonathan Rosenbaum is an American film critic and author. Rosenbaum was the head film critic for The Chicago Reader from 1987 to 2008. He has published and edited numerous books about cinema and has contributed to such notable film publications as Cahiers du cinéma and Film Comment.

<i>Taste of Cherry</i> 1997 Iranian film directed by Abbas Kiarostami

Taste of Cherry is a 1997 Iranian minimalist drama film written, produced, edited and directed by Abbas Kiarostami, and starring Homayoun Ershadi as a middle-aged Tehran man who drives through a city suburb in search of someone willing to carry out the task of burying him after he commits suicide. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, which it shared with The Eel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Remodernist film</span> Film genre

Remodernist film developed in the United States and the United Kingdom in the early 21st century with ideas related to those of the international art movement Stuckism and its manifesto, Remodernism. Key figures are Jesse Richards and Peter Rinaldi.

Structural film was an avant-garde experimental film movement prominent in the United States in the 1960s. A related movement developed in the United Kingdom in the 1970s.

Iranian New Wave refers to a movement in Iranian cinema. It started in 1964 with Hajir Darioush's second film Serpent's Skin, which was based on D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover featuring Fakhri Khorvash and Jamshid Mashayekhi. Darioush's two important early social documentaries But Problems Arose in 1965, dealing with the cultural alienation of the Iranian youth, and Face 75, a critical look at the westernization of the rural culture, which was a prizewinner at the 1965 Berlin Film Festival, also contributed significantly to the establishment of the New Wave. In 1968, after the release of Shohare Ahoo Khanoom directed by Davoud Mollapour, The Cow directed by Dariush Mehrjui followed by Masoud Kimiai's Qeysar in 1969, Nasser Taqvai's Tranquility in the Presence of Others, and immediately followed by Bahram Beyzai's Downpour, the New Wave became well established as a prominent cultural, dynamic and intellectual trend. The Iranian viewer became discriminating, encouraging the new trend to prosper and develop.

The Iranian film director Abbas Kiarostami is known for uses of certain themes and cinematic techniques that are instantly recognizable in his work, from the use of child protagonists and stories that take place in rural villages, to conversations that unfold inside cars utilizing stationary mounted cameras. He often undertook a documentary style of filmmaking within narrative works, and frequently employs contemporary Iranian poetry in dialogue, movie titles, and in the thematic elements of his pictures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Peña</span> Professor of Professional Practice at the Columbia University School of The Arts

Richard Peña is a Professor of Professional Practice at the Columbia University School of The Arts. He was formerly program director of Film at Lincoln Center, organizers of the New York Film Festival and the New Directors/New Films Festival.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kelly Reichardt</span> American film director and screenwriter

Kelly Reichardt is an American film director and screenwriter. She is known for her minimalist films closely associated with slow cinema, many of which deal with working-class characters in small, rural communities.

Slow cinema is a genre of art cinema characterised by a style that is minimalist, observational, and with little or no narrative, and which typically emphasizes long takes. It is sometimes called "contemplative cinema".

Maximalist film or maximalist cinema is related to the art and philosophy of maximalism.

Arthouse science fiction is a combination of art and science fiction cinema.

The "Top 100 Greatest Films of All Time" is a list published every ten years by Sight and Sound according to worldwide opinion polls they conduct. They published the critics' list, based on 1,639 participating critics, programmers, curators, archivists and academics, and the directors' list, based on 480 directors and filmmakers. Sight and Sound, published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952.

References

  1. ↑ Paul Schrader on Revisiting Transcendental Style in Film. 2017 Toronto International Film Festival – via YouTube.
  2. ↑ "Taste of Cherry". Cinematheque. Cleveland Institute of Art. September 2016. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ↑ Gautaman Bhaskaran (2019-10-23). "It Must Be Heaven: Elia Suleiman's sardonic take on the world". Arab News . Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  4. ↑ "Films by The Minimalists". The Minimalists . Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  5. ↑ Goodbye, Dragon Inn - Metrograph
  6. ↑ The Films Of Robert Bresson: A Retrospective|IndieWire
  7. ↑ The art of Chloe Zhao, Arts - THE BUSINESS TIMES
  8. ↑ Kelly Reichardt: Powerfully Observant|MoMA
  9. ↑ The Beginner's Guide: Yasujiro Ozu, Director|Film Inquiry
  10. ↑ The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Directed by The Archers|Talk Cinema
  11. ↑ Minimalism and art-cinema narration in Gus van Sant's Gerry, Elephant and Last Days - Iowa State University
  12. ↑ The Tarkovsky legacy: Andrei Tarkovsky and his arthouse impact|Sight & Sound|BFI
  13. ↑ Warhol Film Screening——Minimalism and Seriality: Part II|Whitney Museum of American Art
  14. ↑ One Sound After Another: Film and West Coast Minimalism|Walker Art Center
  15. ↑ The Burden of Other People's Thoughts: Don Hertzfeldt Talks ‘World of Tomorrow Episode Two’|Animation World Network
  16. ↑ The Love Witch director Anna Biller: ‘I’m in conversation with the pornography all around us’|Movies|The Guardian
  17. ↑ Review: From Iran, '3 Faces' Finds Nuance In The Clash Of Old And New : NPR
  18. ↑ FILM VIEW; The Giddy Minimalism of Jim Jarmusch - The New York Times
  19. ↑ Bloomsbury Collections - The Cinema of Alexander Sokurov
  20. ↑ Norman McLaren - Google Books (pg.140)
  21. 1 2 "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1977 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  22. ↑ The Master of Minimalism / Retrospective of filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni's innovative films spans six decades - SFGATE
  23. ↑ A Hollis Frampton Odyssey Blu-ray Review | High Def Digest
  24. ↑ Pop cinema: aesthetic conversations between art and the moving-image - ERA
  25. ↑ J. Hoberman on Ernie Gehr - Artfourm International
  26. ↑ HUSBANDS: Saturdays are for the Boys - Hyperreal Film Club
  27. ↑ Talking Screens, December 16-22, 2022: “All The Beauty and The Bloodshed” is One of the Year’s Finest | “Bardo” is a Small Story Told on an Immense Canvas - Newcity Film
  28. ↑ Movies Don’t Scare Me: A Decade of John Carpenter|In Review Online
  29. 1 2 John Carpenter: Father of the Slasher Film | The VICE Guide To Film - VICE on YouTube
  30. ↑ Clint Eastwood: Immovable Boulder|In Review Online
  31. ↑ Light Cone - Michael Snow
  32. ↑ Michael Snow obituary: Canadian giant of experimental cinema|BFI
  33. ↑ Light Cone - FIVE FILMS BY LARRY GOTTHEIM
  34. ↑ Abbas Kiarostami: Life as Art|BAMPFA
  35. ↑ What Makes Kiarostami a Modern Master? Start Here - The New York Times
  36. ↑ Louis Malle: Docs
  37. ↑ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema
  38. ↑ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  39. ↑ Best Minimalist Movies|12 Top Minimalism Films Ever - Cinemaholic
  40. ↑ 10 Minimalist Horror Movies|The Young Folks
  41. ↑ 6 Minimalist Sci Fi Movies to Watch - TectoGizmo
  42. ↑ 20 Minimalist Movies Which Redefined Film-Making - Storypick
  43. ↑ 'Roma' Is Painfully Beautiful|PopMatters
  44. ↑ Industrial Arts: Michelangelo Antonioni's Red Desert and Minimalism and Land Art - National Gallery of Art
  45. ↑ Look of the Week: the sleek futuristic minimalism of Gattaca|SYFY WIRE
  46. ↑ 9 Minimalist Films That Will Open Your Eyes - Minimal Daily
  47. ↑ Repast is prologue - Los Angeles Times
  48. ↑ Minimalism Takes Flight : Hyperallergic
  49. ↑ The Best Movies of 2020|IndieWire
  50. ↑ 20 Most Underrated Movies of the Decade (2010–2019) - The Cinemaholic
  51. ↑ The Best Independent Films of 2020|Flickering Myth
  52. ↑ Acting Naturally — Point of View Magazine
  53. ↑ THE WOMAN WHO RAN (2020) REVIEW – HONG SANG-SOO’S TYPICALLY SUBTLE AND PLAYFULLY KNOTTY DRAMA - High On Films
  54. ↑ 'Away' review - The Hollywood Reporter
  55. ↑ Here Are Six Indie Animated Features That Deserve An Oscar Nomination This Year|Cartoon Brew
  56. ↑ ORIGINAL-CIN YEAR IN REVIEW: 2020’S BEST AND WORST MOVIES —— Original Cin
  57. ↑ This new Netflix short shows how parents grieve after a tragedy - Legacy.com
  58. ↑ Minimalist movies: 5 different approach|Yapim Ekibi
  59. ↑ BEYOND THE BLACK RAINBOW — Film Review — ZekeFilm
  60. ↑ Interview: “Beyond The Black Rainbow” Director Panos Cosmatos Talks His Bizarre Sci-Fi/Horror Fever Dream|Complex
  61. ↑ That's not my finger! and the rest of this week's movies|Bleader
  62. ↑ Chantal Akerman: celebrating the exquisite cinematic moments of a tremendous talent|Chantal Akerman|The Guardian
  63. ↑ Review|This '50s Danish flick will keep you on your toes - The Crimson White
  64. ↑ Yasujiro Ozu: like Austen, he tells the same satisfying story again and again|Movies|The Guardian
  65. ↑ Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant
  66. ↑ The Rise of Minimalist Filmmaking, and Analysis of Best Picture of Best Picture Oscar Winner 'Nomadland' - Hollywood Insider
  67. ↑ Gerry|NW Film Center
  68. ↑ Androgyny and aliens in eighties cult film 'Liquid Sky' on Amazon Prime Video - Stream On Demand
  69. ↑ Toronto Review: Godfrey Reggio Celebrates 30 Years Since 'Koyaanisqatsi' With Extraordinary Philip Glass-Scored 'Visitors'|IndieWire
  70. ↑ After Koyaanisqatsi, Godfrey Reggio's Visitors : The Conversation
  71. ↑ Jim Jarmusch|AV Club
  72. ↑ Baghead - CINEMABLEND
  73. ↑ Baghead - Paste
  74. ↑ Indie film pulls nothing interesting out of the bag - Baltimore Sun
  75. ↑ An exploration of foreign films: Unique cinematography and minimalist themes distinguish ‘Tokyo Story’|The Stanford Daily
  76. ↑ 10 Essential Aki Kaurismaki Films - High On Films
  77. ↑ 10 essential films from the 'Minimalist' genre|Far Out Magazine
  78. ↑ Abbas Kiarostami: sophisticated, self-possessed master of cinematic poetry|Abbas Kiarostami|The Guardian
  79. ↑ TASTE OF CHERRY|Cleveland Institute of Art
  80. ↑ Scott MacDonald on Hollis Frampton - Artfourm International
  81. ↑ In Hollis Frampton's 'Surface Tension', a Stroll Through 1968 New York, in 160 Seconds - The New York Times
  82. ↑ The Complete Works of Influential Experimental Filmmaker Michael Snow Come to New York - Hyperallergic
  83. ↑ Duel at 50: Steven Spielberg's debut remains a ferocious thriller|Steven Spielberg|The Guardian
  84. ↑ Denis Villeneuve's Dune Shows the Limits of the Filmmaker's Sci-Fi|Collider
  85. ↑ The Red Turtle review — rapturous minimalism from Studio Ghibli|Film|The Guardian
  86. ↑ The Best 90s Movies|Incredible Films From The 1990s|Time Out
  87. ↑ Why Critics Hate the Movies You Love|The Young Ones
  88. ↑ The Woman Who Ran (2020)|MUBI
  89. ↑ Film of the week:Certain Women, Kelly Reichardt's minimalist Montana triptych|BFI
  90. ↑ A Brief Introduction to the Remarkable Films of Kelly Reichardt|AnOther Magazine
  91. ↑ 'Koyaanisqatsi' renews emotion in minimalist film - Deseret News
  92. ↑ The 50 Best First Films Ever Made - MTV
  93. ↑ A Century of Inspiration - The American Cinematographer
  94. ↑ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Page 2 — Taste of Cinema
  95. ↑ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Taste of Cinema
  96. ↑ 10 Films That Prove That Silence Is Golden|Collider
  97. ↑ 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' is magnificent as it is minimalist - The Boar
  98. ↑ Enter the Nightmarish World of Joel Coen's 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' - The Atlantic
  99. ↑ Maslin, Janet (September 15, 1999). "'American Beauty': Dad's Dead, and He's Still a Funny Guy". The New York Times . Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  100. ↑ Film review: Coen takes a bold approach to filming 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' — Sightlines
  101. ↑ Ernie Gehr's 'Serene Velocity', 'The Red Shoes', 'Dog House' and more: Beyond the Multiplex - oregonlive.com
  102. ↑ FILM NOTES - The Washington Post
  103. ↑ Brick: How Rian Johnson Used Film Noir to Depict High School - MovieWeb
  104. ↑ Winter's Bone: How the Barren Sights and Sounds Create Fear|Collider
  105. ↑ Movies That Did Wonders With a Budget of Under $1 Million|Collider
  106. ↑ The 50 Best Movies on HBO Max Right Now - The New York Times
  107. ↑ Is this the worst film ever made? - BBC Culture
  108. ↑ Jenny Slate on voicing the melancholy "Marcel the Shell" and creating a laugh "that's not creepy"|Salon.com
  109. ↑ The Harry Potter Directors' Best Movies (Not In The Wizarding World), According to IMDb
  110. ↑ 100 Greatest Animated Shorts / Gerald McBoing Boing / Robert Cannon - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  111. ↑ When Magoo Flew - Google Books (pg.106)
  112. ↑ Begone Dull Care – Senses of Cinema
  113. ↑ Bringing a John Cassavetes Classic to the Stage With a Volcanic Performance - Hyperallergic
  114. ↑ Artist of the week 20: Michael Snow|Culture|The Guardian
  115. ↑ Spike & Mike's Animation Fest Is Back - The Santa Barbara Independent
  116. ↑ "Horror's Minimalist Masterpiece: 'Halloween'".
  117. ↑ 10 Best Animated Films That Should Have Been Nominated For Best Picture|Collider
  118. ↑ “It’s a Pretty Unambiguous Condemnation of a New Age Answer to Life’s Problems”: Writer/Director Todd Haynes on Safe|Filmmaker Magazine
  119. ↑ Todd Haynes’s Out-of-Time City Symphony “Wonderstruck” Lives Up to Its Name - The Village Voice
  120. ↑ Safe: Nowhere to Hide|Current|The Criterion Collection
  121. ↑ 10 Great Films From 2022 - Our Culture
  122. ↑ Assault on Precinct 13 — John Carpenter|In Review Online
  123. ↑ Top 25 of 2020 — 10-1|In Review Online
  124. ↑ Wolfwalkers|Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart|In Review Online
  125. ↑ Women Talking - WCBE
  126. ↑ Making and Unmaking the Upscale, Minimalist World of ‘TÁR’|IndieWire
  127. ↑ EXCLUSIVE: WATCH A RESTORED CULT ANIMATED SHORT FROM MARCELL JANKOVICS|Austin Film Society
  128. ↑ 10 Best Movies About Philosophy, Ranked - Screen Rant
  129. ↑ Animated shorts up for Oscars tackle life and all its follies - Boston Herald
  130. ↑ Unconventional Excitement: 10 Best Action Movies Without Fistfights, Shootouts, or Car Chases|Collider
  131. ↑ DRIVER, THE (4K UHD REVIEW) - The Digital Bits
  132. ↑ When Comedy Films Are Scary - arts, ink.
  133. ↑ The film Edgar Wright calls a "minimalist masterclass"|Far Out Magazine
  134. ↑ ‘My Life As A Zucchini’ Director Claude Barras On The Hard Work of Simplicity and Minimalism|Cartoon Brew
  135. ↑ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Taste of Cinema
  136. ↑ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  137. ↑ The Red Balloon (1956, Fr.) (aka Le Ballon Rouge) - filmsite.org
  138. ↑ Paisan (1946) - filmsite.org
  139. ↑ Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953) - filmsite.org
  140. ↑ Diamonds of the Night (1964) - filmsite.org
  141. ↑ Fail Safe - Trailers From Hell
  142. ↑ Fantastic Planet - Trailers From Hell
  143. ↑ Eegah - Trailers From Hell
  144. ↑ Tex Avery Screwball Classics Volume 3 - Trailers From Hell
  145. ↑ The Crimson Kimono - Trailers From Hell
  146. ↑ The Naked Prey - Trailers From Hell
  147. ↑ The Killing of a Sacred Deer - Trailers From Hell
  148. ↑ Every Stanley Kubrick Movie, Ranked By Rewatchability - Screen Rant
  149. ↑ The 10 Best Modern Ambient Films - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  150. ↑ Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of Titles at National Film Registry
  151. ↑ Luxo Jr. Pencil Test: Emotional storytelling in wire frames|The Kids Should See This
  152. ↑ ‘Fallen Leaves’ Review: Aki Kaurismäki Stages a Tiny Sliver of a Romance in a Quirky Finnish Kaurismäki Land That Hasn’t Changed in 30 Years - Variety
  153. ↑ Animafest Zagreb’s Reanimation of Aleksandar Marks (GoCritic! Review)|Zippy Frames
  154. ↑ Visitors from the Arkana Galaxy - Trailers From Hell
  155. ↑ Movie review: Past Lives (2023) is a minimalist romance by Celia Song that has been a surprising international hit - Financial Review
  156. ↑ Fallen Leaves review | Kaurismäki applies his minimalist approach to love|Film Stories
  157. ↑ Elevator to the Gallows - Criterion Collection - IGN
  158. ↑ September In Theater - Journal - Metrograph
  159. ↑ Whit Stillman In Person - Metrograph
  160. ↑ Perfect Days (Film Review) - Filmhounds Magazine
  161. ↑ A Review of Robot Dreams: Robot and Dog, Slave to No Man But Love - Pelican
  162. ↑ Brown, Mitchell (2023-01-03). "FRIEND OF THE WORLD Review – A Strong Debut Feature From Writer and Director Brian Patrick Butler". Slay Away. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  163. ↑ "Movie Review - 'Friend of the World' is an absurdist apocalyptic head-scratcher". Movie Reelist. 2022-06-02. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  164. ↑ Charade: Lessons in Creative Vision from a 1984 College Student - The Atlantic
  165. ↑ 39 Years Later, Gen-Z Is Making One Perfect Rock Movie Into A Smash Hit - Fatherly
  166. ↑ The Criterion Channel’s November 2024 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  167. ↑ 10 Best Minimalist Movies, Ranked|Collider
  168. ↑ Pig Review: Nicolas Cage Hits Career Highs in Affecting Minimalist Drama - The Film Stage
  169. ↑ Review: The 2017 Oscar-Nominated Short Films: Animation - The Film Stage
  170. ↑ 'Flow' review: A gorgeously animated story of survival - InBetweenDrafts
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