Minimalist film

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Minimalist cinema is related to the art and philosophy of minimalism.

Contents

Background

In film, minimalism usually is associated with filmmakers such as Robert Bresson, Chantal Akerman, Carl Theodor Dreyer, and Yasujirō Ozu. Their films typically tell a simple story with straightforward camera usage and minimal use of score. Paul Schrader named their kind of cinema: "transcendental cinema". [1] In the present, a commitment to minimalist filmmaking can be seen in film movements such as Dogme 95, mumblecore, and the Romanian New Wave. Abbas Kiarostami, [2] Elia Suleiman, [3] and Kelly Reichardt are also considered minimalist filmmakers.

The Minimalists – Joshua Fields Millburn, Ryan Nicodemus, and Matt D'Avella – directed and produced the film Minimalism: A Documentary, [4] which showcased the idea of minimal living in the modern world.

Notable filmmakers

This type of film includes the works of directors like:

List of notable minimalist films

20th century

21st century

Sources

[38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52]

[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]

[62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78]

[79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127]

[128] [129] [130] [131] [132] [133] [134] [22] [135]

[136] [137] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] [148] [30] [149] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] [165] [166] [5] [167] [168] [169] [170]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minimalism</span> Movements in various forms of art and design

In visual arts, music and other media, minimalism in the modern sense was an art movement that began in post–World War II in Western art, and it is most strongly associated with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Bresson</span> French film director (1901–1999)

Robert Bresson was a French film director. Known for his ascetic approach, Bresson made a notable contribution to the art of cinema; his non-professional actors, ellipses, and sparse use of scoring have led his works to be regarded as preeminent examples of minimalist film. Much of his work is known for being tragic in story and nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yasujirō Ozu</span> Japanese filmmaker (1903–1963)

Yasujirō Ozu was a Japanese filmmaker. He began his career during the era of silent films, and his last films were made in colour in the early 1960s. Ozu first made a number of short comedies, before turning to more serious themes in the 1930s. The most prominent themes of Ozu's work are family and marriage, and especially the relationships between generations. His most widely beloved films include Late Spring (1949), Tokyo Story (1953) and An Autumn Afternoon (1962).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aki Kaurismäki</span> Finnish film director

Aki Olavi Kaurismäki is a Finnish film director and screenwriter. He is best known for the award-winning Drifting Clouds (1996), The Man Without a Past (2002), Le Havre (2011), The Other Side of Hope (2017) and Fallen Leaves (2023), as well as Leningrad Cowboys Go America (1989). He has been described as Finland's best-known film director.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbas Kiarostami</span> Iranian filmmaker (1940–2016)

Abbas Kiarostami was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, photographer, and film producer. An active filmmaker from 1970, Kiarostami had been involved in the production of over forty films, including shorts and documentaries. Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker trilogy (1987–1994), Close-Up (1990), The Wind Will Carry Us (1999), and Taste of Cherry (1997), which was awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival that year. In later works, Certified Copy (2010) and Like Someone in Love (2012), he filmed for the first time outside Iran: in Italy and Japan, respectively. His films Where Is the Friend's Home? (1987), Close-Up, and The Wind Will Carry Us were ranked among the 100 best foreign films in a 2018 critics' poll by BBC Culture. Close-Up was also ranked one of the 50 greatest movies of all time in the famous decennial Sight & Sound poll conducted in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Rosenbaum</span> American film critic

Jonathan Rosenbaum is an American film critic and author. Rosenbaum was the head film critic for The Chicago Reader from 1987 to 2008, when he retired. He has published and edited numerous books about cinema and has contributed to such notable film publications as Cahiers du cinéma and Film Comment.

<i>Taste of Cherry</i> 1997 Iranian film directed by Abbas Kiarostami

Taste of Cherry is a 1997 Iranian minimalist drama film written, produced, edited and directed by Abbas Kiarostami, and starring Homayoun Ershadi as a middle-aged Tehran man who drives through a city suburb in search of someone willing to carry out the task of burying him after he commits suicide. The film won the Palme d'Or at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, which it shared with The Eel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Remodernist film</span> Film genre

Remodernist film developed in the United States and the United Kingdom in the early 21st century with ideas related to those of the international art movement Stuckism and its manifesto, Remodernism. Key figures are Jesse Richards and Peter Rinaldi.

Asian cinema refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Asia. However, in countries like the United States, it is often used to refer only to the cinema of East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia. West Asian cinema is sometimes classified as part of Middle Eastern cinema, along with the cinema of Egypt. The cinema of Central Asia is often grouped with the Middle East or, in the past, the cinema of the Soviet Union during the Soviet Central Asia era. North Asia is dominated by Siberian Russian cinema, and is thus considered part of European cinema.

Iranian New Wave refers to a movement in Iranian cinema. It started in 1964 with Hajir Darioush's second film Serpent's Skin, which was based on D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover featuring Fakhri Khorvash and Jamshid Mashayekhi. Darioush's two important early social documentaries But Problems Arose in 1965, dealing with the cultural alienation of the Iranian youth, and Face 75, a critical look at the westernization of the rural culture, which was a prizewinner at the 1965 Berlin Film Festival, also contributed significantly to the establishment of the New Wave. In 1968, after the release of Shohare Ahoo Khanoom directed by Davoud Mollapour, The Cow directed by Dariush Mehrjui followed by Masoud Kimiai's Qeysar in 1969, Nasser Taqvai's Tranquility in the Presence of Others, and immediately followed by Bahram Beyzai's Downpour, the New Wave became well established as a prominent cultural, dynamic and intellectual trend. The Iranian viewer became discriminating, encouraging the new trend to prosper and develop.

The Iranian film director Abbas Kiarostami is known for uses of certain themes and cinematic techniques that are instantly recognizable in his work, from the use of child protagonists and stories that take place in rural villages, to conversations that unfold inside cars utilizing stationary mounted cameras. He often undertook a documentary style of filmmaking within narrative works, and frequently employs contemporary Iranian poetry in dialogue, movie titles, and in the thematic elements of his pictures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Peña</span> Professor of Professional Practice at the Columbia University School of The Arts

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kelly Reichardt</span> American film director and screenwriter

Kelly Reichardt is an American film director and screenwriter. She is known for her minimalist films closely associated with slow cinema, many of which deal with working-class characters in small, rural communities.

Slow cinema is a genre of art cinema characterised by a style that is minimalist, observational, and with little or no narrative, and which typically emphasizes long takes. It is sometimes called "contemplative cinema".

Maximalist film or maximalist cinema is related to the art and philosophy of maximalism.

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The "Top 100 Greatest Films of All Time" is a list published every ten years by Sight and Sound according to worldwide opinion polls they conduct. They published the critics' list, based on 1,639 participating critics, programmers, curators, archivists and academics, and the directors' list, based on 480 directors and filmmakers. Sight and Sound, published by the British Film Institute, has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952.

References

  1. ↑ Paul Schrader on Revisiting Transcendental Style in Film. 2017 Toronto International Film Festival – via YouTube.
  2. ↑ "Taste of Cherry". Cinematheque. Cleveland Institute of Art. September 2016. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ↑ Gautaman Bhaskaran (2019-10-23). "It Must Be Heaven: Elia Suleiman's sardonic take on the world". Arab News . Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  4. ↑ "Films by The Minimalists". The Minimalists . Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  5. 1 2 CBR TV: M. Night Shyamalan Talks 'The Visit', Minimalist Filmmaking and Comic Book Movies - CBR
  6. ↑ Goodbye, Dragon Inn - Metrograph
  7. ↑ The Films Of Robert Bresson: A Retrospective|IndieWire
  8. ↑ The art of Chloe Zhao, Arts - THE BUSINESS TIMES
  9. ↑ Kelly Reichardt: Powerfully Observant|MoMA
  10. ↑ The Beginner's Guide: Yasujiro Ozu, Director|Film Inquiry
  11. ↑ The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Directed by The Archers|Talk Cinema
  12. ↑ Minimalism and art-cinema narration in Gus van Sant's Gerry, Elephant and Last Days - Iowa State University
  13. ↑ The Tarkovsky legacy: Andrei Tarkovsky and his arthouse impact|Sight & Sound|BFI
  14. ↑ Warhol Film Screening——Minimalism and Seriality: Part II|Whitney Museum of American Art
  15. ↑ One Sound After Another: Film and West Coast Minimalism|Walker Art Center
  16. ↑ The Burden of Other People's Thoughts: Don Hertzfeldt Talks ‘World of Tomorrow Episode Two’|Animation World Network
  17. ↑ The Love Witch director Anna Biller: ‘I’m in conversation with the pornography all around us’|Movies|The Guardian
  18. ↑ Review: From Iran, '3 Faces' Finds Nuance In The Clash Of Old And New : NPR
  19. ↑ FILM VIEW; The Giddy Minimalism of Jim Jarmusch - The New York Times
  20. ↑ Bloomsbury Collections - The Cinema of Alexander Sokurov
  21. ↑ Norman McLaren - Google Books (pg.140)
  22. 1 2 "Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1977 -". cartoonresearch.com.
  23. ↑ The Master of Minimalism / Retrospective of filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni's innovative films spans six decades - SFGATE
  24. ↑ A Hollis Frampton Odyssey Blu-ray Review | High Def Digest
  25. ↑ Pop cinema: aesthetic conversations between art and the moving-image - ERA
  26. ↑ J. Hoberman on Ernie Gehr - Artfourm International
  27. ↑ HUSBANDS: Saturdays are for the Boys - Hyperreal Film Club
  28. ↑ Talking Screens, December 16-22, 2022: “All The Beauty and The Bloodshed” is One of the Year’s Finest | “Bardo” is a Small Story Told on an Immense Canvas - Newcity Film
  29. ↑ Movies Don’t Scare Me: A Decade of John Carpenter|In Review Online
  30. 1 2 John Carpenter: Father of the Slasher Film | The VICE Guide To Film - VICE on YouTube
  31. ↑ Clint Eastwood: Immovable Boulder|In Review Online
  32. ↑ Light Cone - Michael Snow
  33. ↑ Michael Snow obituary: Canadian giant of experimental cinema|BFI
  34. ↑ Light Cone - FIVE FILMS BY LARRY GOTTHEIM
  35. ↑ Abbas Kiarostami: Life as Art|BAMPFA
  36. ↑ What Makes Kiarostami a Modern Master? Start Here - The New York Times
  37. ↑ Louis Malle: Docs
  38. ↑ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema
  39. ↑ 10 Great Minimalist Films That Are Worth Your Time - Taste of Cinema - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  40. ↑ Best Minimalist Movies|12 Top Minimalism Films Ever - Cinemaholic
  41. ↑ 10 Minimalist Horror Movies|The Young Folks
  42. ↑ 6 Minimalist Sci Fi Movies to Watch - TectoGizmo
  43. ↑ 20 Minimalist Movies Which Redefined Film-Making - Storypick
  44. ↑ 'Roma' Is Painfully Beautiful|PopMatters
  45. ↑ Industrial Arts: Michelangelo Antonioni's Red Desert and Minimalism and Land Art - National Gallery of Art
  46. ↑ Look of the Week: the sleek futuristic minimalism of Gattaca|SYFY WIRE
  47. ↑ 9 Minimalist Films That Will Open Your Eyes - Minimal Daily
  48. ↑ Repast is prologue - Los Angeles Times
  49. ↑ Minimalism Takes Flight : Hyperallergic
  50. ↑ The Best Movies of 2020|IndieWire
  51. ↑ 20 Most Underrated Movies of the Decade (2010–2019) - The Cinemaholic
  52. ↑ The Best Independent Films of 2020|Flickering Myth
  53. ↑ Acting Naturally — Point of View Magazine
  54. ↑ THE WOMAN WHO RAN (2020) REVIEW – HONG SANG-SOO’S TYPICALLY SUBTLE AND PLAYFULLY KNOTTY DRAMA - High On Films
  55. ↑ 'Away' review - The Hollywood Reporter
  56. ↑ Here Are Six Indie Animated Features That Deserve An Oscar Nomination This Year|Cartoon Brew
  57. ↑ ORIGINAL-CIN YEAR IN REVIEW: 2020’S BEST AND WORST MOVIES —— Original Cin
  58. ↑ This new Netflix short shows how parents grieve after a tragedy - Legacy.com
  59. ↑ Minimalist movies: 5 different approach|Yapim Ekibi
  60. ↑ BEYOND THE BLACK RAINBOW — Film Review — ZekeFilm
  61. ↑ Interview: “Beyond The Black Rainbow” Director Panos Cosmatos Talks His Bizarre Sci-Fi/Horror Fever Dream|Complex
  62. ↑ That's not my finger! and the rest of this week's movies|Bleader
  63. ↑ Chantal Akerman: celebrating the exquisite cinematic moments of a tremendous talent|Chantal Akerman|The Guardian
  64. ↑ Review|This '50s Danish flick will keep you on your toes - The Crimson White
  65. ↑ Yasujiro Ozu: like Austen, he tells the same satisfying story again and again|Movies|The Guardian
  66. ↑ Clerks: 10 Ways It Established Kevin Smith's Style|ScreenRant
  67. ↑ The Rise of Minimalist Filmmaking, and Analysis of Best Picture of Best Picture Oscar Winner 'Nomadland' - Hollywood Insider
  68. ↑ Gerry|NW Film Center
  69. ↑ Androgyny and aliens in eighties cult film 'Liquid Sky' on Amazon Prime Video - Stream On Demand
  70. ↑ Toronto Review: Godfrey Reggio Celebrates 30 Years Since 'Koyaanisqatsi' With Extraordinary Philip Glass-Scored 'Visitors'|IndieWire
  71. ↑ After Koyaanisqatsi, Godfrey Reggio's Visitors : The Conversation
  72. ↑ Jim Jarmusch|AV Club
  73. ↑ Baghead - CINEMABLEND
  74. ↑ Baghead - Paste
  75. ↑ Indie film pulls nothing interesting out of the bag - Baltimore Sun
  76. ↑ An exploration of foreign films: Unique cinematography and minimalist themes distinguish ‘Tokyo Story’|The Stanford Daily
  77. ↑ 10 Essential Aki Kaurismaki Films - High On Films
  78. ↑ 10 essential films from the 'Minimalist' genre|Far Out Magazine
  79. ↑ Abbas Kiarostami: sophisticated, self-possessed master of cinematic poetry|Abbas Kiarostami|The Guardian
  80. ↑ TASTE OF CHERRY|Cleveland Institute of Art
  81. ↑ Scott MacDonald on Hollis Frampton - Artfourm International
  82. ↑ In Hollis Frampton's 'Surface Tension', a Stroll Through 1968 New York, in 160 Seconds - The New York Times
  83. ↑ The Complete Works of Influential Experimental Filmmaker Michael Snow Come to New York - Hyperallergic
  84. ↑ Duel at 50: Steven Spielberg's debut remains a ferocious thriller|Steven Spielberg|The Guardian
  85. ↑ Denis Villeneuve's Dune Shows the Limits of the Filmmaker's Sci-Fi|Collider
  86. ↑ The Red Turtle review — rapturous minimalism from Studio Ghibli|Film|The Guardian
  87. ↑ The Best 90s Movies|Incredible Films From The 1990s|Time Out
  88. ↑ Why Critics Hate the Movies You Love|The Young Ones
  89. ↑ The Woman Who Ran (2020)|MUBI
  90. ↑ Film of the week:Certain Women, Kelly Reichardt's minimalist Montana triptych|BFI
  91. ↑ A Brief Introduction to the Remarkable Films of Kelly Reichardt|AnOther Magazine
  92. ↑ 'Koyaanisqatsi' renews emotion in minimalist film - Deseret News
  93. ↑ The 50 Best First Films Ever Made - MTV
  94. ↑ A Century of Inspiration - The American Cinematographer
  95. ↑ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Page 2 — Taste of Cinema
  96. ↑ The 10 Most Cinematic Movies With Minimalist Plot — Taste of Cinema
  97. ↑ 10 Films That Prove That Silence Is Golden|Collider
  98. ↑ 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' is magnificent as it is minimalist - The Boar
  99. ↑ Enter the Nightmarish World of Joel Coen's 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' - The Atlantic
  100. ↑ Maslin, Janet (September 15, 1999). "'American Beauty': Dad's Dead, and He's Still a Funny Guy". The New York Times . Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  101. ↑ Film review: Coen takes a bold approach to filming 'The Tragedy of Macbeth' — Sightlines
  102. ↑ Ernie Gehr's 'Serene Velocity', 'The Red Shoes', 'Dog House' and more: Beyond the Multiplex - oregonlive.com
  103. ↑ FILM NOTES - The Washington Post
  104. ↑ Brick: How Rian Johnson Used Film Noir to Depict High School - MovieWeb
  105. ↑ Winter's Bone: How the Barren Sights and Sounds Create Fear|Collider
  106. ↑ Movies That Did Wonders With a Budget of Under $1 Million|Collider
  107. ↑ The 50 Best Movies on HBO Max Right Now - The New York Times
  108. ↑ Is this the worst film ever made? - BBC Culture
  109. ↑ Jenny Slate on voicing the melancholy "Marcel the Shell" and creating a laugh "that's not creepy"|Salon.com
  110. ↑ The Harry Potter Directors' Best Movies (Not In The Wizarding World), According to IMDb
  111. ↑ 100 Greatest Animated Shorts / Gerald McBoing Boing / Robert Cannon - Skwigly Animation Magazine
  112. ↑ When Magoo Flew - Google Books (pg.106)
  113. ↑ Begone Dull Care – Senses of Cinema
  114. ↑ Bringing a John Cassavetes Classic to the Stage With a Volcanic Performance - Hyperallergic
  115. ↑ Artist of the week 20: Michael Snow|Culture|The Guardian
  116. ↑ Spike & Mike's Animation Fest Is Back - The Santa Barbara Independent
  117. ↑ "Horror's Minimalist Masterpiece: 'Halloween'".
  118. ↑ 10 Best Animated Films That Should Have Been Nominated For Best Picture|Collider
  119. ↑ “It’s a Pretty Unambiguous Condemnation of a New Age Answer to Life’s Problems”: Writer/Director Todd Haynes on Safe|Filmmaker Magazine
  120. ↑ Todd Haynes’s Out-of-Time City Symphony “Wonderstruck” Lives Up to Its Name - The Village Voice
  121. ↑ Safe: Nowhere to Hide|Current|The Criterion Collection
  122. ↑ 10 Great Films From 2022 - Our Culture
  123. ↑ Assault on Precinct 13 — John Carpenter|In Review Online
  124. ↑ Top 25 of 2020 — 10-1|In Review Online
  125. ↑ Wolfwalkers|Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart|In Review Online
  126. ↑ Women Talking - WCBE
  127. ↑ Making and Unmaking the Upscale, Minimalist World of ‘TÁR’|IndieWire
  128. ↑ EXCLUSIVE: WATCH A RESTORED CULT ANIMATED SHORT FROM MARCELL JANKOVICS|Austin Film Society
  129. ↑ 10 Best Movies About Philosophy, Ranked - Screen Rant
  130. ↑ Animated shorts up for Oscars tackle life and all its follies - Boston Herald
  131. ↑ Unconventional Excitement: 10 Best Action Movies Without Fistfights, Shootouts, or Car Chases|Collider
  132. ↑ DRIVER, THE (4K UHD REVIEW) - The Digital Bits
  133. ↑ When Comedy Films Are Scary - arts, ink.
  134. ↑ The film Edgar Wright calls a "minimalist masterclass"|Far Out Magazine
  135. ↑ ‘My Life As A Zucchini’ Director Claude Barras On The Hard Work of Simplicity and Minimalism|Cartoon Brew
  136. ↑ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Taste of Cinema
  137. ↑ 10 Great Movies Featuring Minimalist Storytelling - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  138. ↑ The Red Balloon (1956, Fr.) (aka Le Ballon Rouge) - filmsite.org
  139. ↑ Paisan (1946) - filmsite.org
  140. ↑ Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953) - filmsite.org
  141. ↑ Diamonds of the Night (1964) - filmsite.org
  142. ↑ Fail Safe - Trailers From Hell
  143. ↑ Fantastic Planet - Trailers From Hell
  144. ↑ Eegah - Trailers From Hell
  145. ↑ Tex Avery Screwball Classics Volume 3 - Trailers From Hell
  146. ↑ The Crimson Kimono - Trailers From Hell
  147. ↑ The Naked Prey - Trailers From Hell
  148. ↑ The Killing of a Sacred Deer - Trailers From Hell
  149. ↑ Every Stanley Kubrick Movie, Ranked By Rewatchability - Screen Rant
  150. ↑ The 10 Best Modern Ambient Films - Page 2 - Taste of Cinema
  151. ↑ Brief Descriptions and Expanded Essays of Titles at National Film Registry
  152. ↑ Luxo Jr. Pencil Test: Emotional storytelling in wire frames|The Kids Should See This
  153. ↑ ‘Fallen Leaves’ Review: Aki Kaurismäki Stages a Tiny Sliver of a Romance in a Quirky Finnish Kaurismäki Land That Hasn’t Changed in 30 Years - Variety
  154. ↑ Animafest Zagreb’s Reanimation of Aleksandar Marks (GoCritic! Review)|Zippy Frames
  155. ↑ Visitors from the Arkana Galaxy - Trailers From Hell
  156. ↑ Movie review: Past Lives (2023) is a minimalist romance by Celia Song that has been a surprising international hit - Financial Review
  157. ↑ Fallen Leaves review | Kaurismäki applies his minimalist approach to love|Film Stories
  158. ↑ Elevator to the Gallows - Criterion Collection - IGN
  159. ↑ September In Theater - Journal - Metrograph
  160. ↑ Whit Stillman In Person - Metrograph
  161. ↑ Perfect Days (Film Review) - Filmhounds Magazine
  162. ↑ A Review of Robot Dreams: Robot and Dog, Slave to No Man But Love - Pelican
  163. ↑ Brown, Mitchell (2023-01-03). "FRIEND OF THE WORLD Review – A Strong Debut Feature From Writer and Director Brian Patrick Butler". Slay Away. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  164. ↑ "Movie Review - 'Friend of the World' is an absurdist apocalyptic head-scratcher". Movie Reelist. 2022-06-02. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  165. ↑ Charade: Lessons in Creative Vision from a 1984 College Student - The Atlantic
  166. ↑ 39 Years Later, Gen-Z Is Making One Perfect Rock Movie Into A Smash Hit - Fatherly
  167. ↑ The Criterion Channel’s November 2024 Lineup|Current|The Criterion Collection
  168. ↑ 10 Best Minimalist Movies, Ranked|Collider
  169. ↑ Pig Review: Nicolas Cage Hits Career Highs in Affecting Minimalist Drama - The Film Stage
  170. ↑ Review: The 2017 Oscar-Nominated Short Films: Animation - The Film Stage
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