Arsenic tribromide

Arsenic tribromide

Ball and stick model of arsenic tribromide
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Arsenic tribromide
Systematic IUPAC name Tribromoarsane
Other names Arsenic(III) bromide Arsenous bromide, Arsenicum Bromatum, Tribromoarsine
Identifiers
CAS Number	7784-33-0  Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	22973  Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.143
EC Number	232-057-4
PubChem CID	24569
RTECS number	CG1375000
UNII	41CN475O7F  Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4064840
InChI InChI=1S/AsBr3/c2-1(3)4 Y Key: JMBNQWNFNACVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1S/AsBr3/c2-1(3)4 Key: JMBNQWNFNACVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/AsBr3/c2-1(3)4 Key: JMBNQWNFNACVCB-UHFFFAOYAH
SMILES Br[As](Br)Br
Properties
Chemical formula	AsBr3
Molar mass	314.634 g/mol
Appearance	white to pale yellow crystalline solid
Density	3.54 g/cm3
Melting point	31.1 °C (88.0 °F; 304.2 K)
Boiling point	221 °C (430 °F; 494 K)
Solubility in water	soluble, partial hydrolysis indicated by fumes
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−106.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	2.3
Hazards
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	[1910.1018] TWA 0.010 mg/m3 [1]
REL (Recommended)	Ca C 0.002 mg/m3 [15-minute] [1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [5 mg/m3 (as As)] [1]
Related compounds
Related compounds	Phosphorus tribromide arsenic trichloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y  verify  (what is  YN ?) Infobox references

Arsenic tribromide is an inorganic compound with the formula As Br₃ , it is a bromide of arsenic. Arsenic is a chemical element that has the symbol As and atomic number 33. This pyramidal molecule is the only known binary arsenic bromide. AsBr₃ is noteworthy for its very high refractive index of approximately 2.3. It also has a very high diamagnetic susceptibility. ^[2] The compound exists as colourless deliquescent crystals that fume in moist air.

Preparation

Arsenic tribromide is optimally prepared by treating arsenic(III) oxide with hot concentrated hydrobromic acid. ^[3]

As₂O₃ + 6 HBr → 2 AsBr₃ + 3 3 H₂O

It can also be prepared by the direct bromination of arsenic powder. Alternatively, arsenic(III) oxide can be treated with a mixture of elemental sulfur and bromine: ^[4]

2 As₂O₃ + 3 S + 6 Br₂ → 4 AsBr₃ + 3 SO₂

Arsenic tribromide hydrolyzes readily. It is soluble in hydrocarbons.

Bromides of arsenic

AsBr₅ is not known, although the corresponding phosphorus compound PBr₅ is well characterized. AsBr₃ is the parent for a series of hypervalent anionic bromoarsenates including [As₂Br₈]²⁻, [As₂Br₉]³⁻, and [As₃Br₁₂]³⁻. ^[5]

Organoarsenic bromides (CH₃)₂AsBr and (CH₃)AsBr₂ are formed efficiently by the copper-catalyzed reaction of methyl bromide with hot arsenic metal. This synthesis is similar to the direct process used for the synthesis of methyl chlorosilanes.^{[ citation needed ]}

Safety

Arsenic tribromide is highly toxic.  It is a carcinogen and a teratogen.^{[ citation needed ]}

References

1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0038". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
2. CRC handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press
3. Tanaka, Susumu; Konishi, Masafumi; Imoto, Hiroaki; Nakamura, Yuma; Ishida, Masatoshi; Furuta, Hiroyuki; Naka, Kensuke (2020). "Fundamental Study on Arsenic(III) Halides (AsX₃; X = Br, I) toward the Construction of C₃-Symmetrical Monodentate Arsenic Ligands". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (14): 9587–9593. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00598. PMID   32515950.
4. P. W. Schenk (1963). "Arsenic (III) Bromide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 1. NY,NY: Academic Press. p. 597.
5. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN   0-12-352651-5.