| Part of the Politics series |
| Party politics |
|---|
 Politicsportal |
This is a List of political parties in the Caribbean by country, linking to the country list of parties and the political system of each country in the region.
| Country | Multi party | Two party | Dominant party | Single party | No party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Anguilla | • | ||||
 | Antigua and Barbuda | • | ||||
 | Aruba | • | ||||
 | Bahamas | • | ||||
 | Barbados | • | ||||
 | Belize | • | ||||
 | British Virgin Islands | • | ||||
 | Cayman Islands | • | ||||
 | Cuba [1] | • | ||||
 | Dominica | • | ||||
 | Dominican Republic | • | ||||
 | Grenada | • | ||||
 | Guadeloupe | • | ||||
 | Guyana | • | ||||
 | Haiti | • | ||||
 | Jamaica | • | ||||
 | Martinique | • | ||||
 | Montserrat | • | ||||
 | Netherlands Antilles | • | ||||
 | Puerto Rico | • | ||||
 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | • | ||||
 | Saint Lucia | • | ||||
 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | • | ||||
 | Suriname | • | ||||
 | Trinidad and Tobago | • | ||||
 | Turks and Caicos | • | ||||
 | United States Virgin Islands | • | ||||
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions among voters. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast – or almost all votes cast – contribute to the result and are effectively used to help elect someone. Under other election systems, a bare plurality or a scant majority are all that are used to elect candidates. Further, a PR system is one that produces mixed and balanced representation, reflecting how votes are cast.
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals.
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. All other parties are either outlawed or only enjoy limited and controlled participation in elections. Sometimes the term "de facto one-party state" is used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike the one-party state, allows democratic multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.
This is a series of lists by country. The lists generally cover topics related to sovereign countries; however, states with limited recognition are also included.
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. Compared to ideal proportional representation, the D'Hondt method reduces somewhat the political fragmentation for smaller electoral district sizes, where it favors larger political parties over small parties.
Third party, or minor party, is a term used in the United States' two-party system for political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties.
Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected. If voters had some influence, that would be called an open list. Closed list systems are still commonly used in party-list proportional representation, and most mixed electoral systems also use closed lists in their party list component. Many countries, however have changed their electoral systems to use open lists to incorporate personalised representation to their proportional systems.
Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list.
In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party, either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political party may officially be party chair, secretary, or the highest political office.
An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organisations and informal organisations. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process: when elections occur, who is allowed to vote, who can stand as a candidate, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted, how votes translate into the election outcome, limits on campaign spending, and other factors that can affect the result. Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and electoral laws, are typically conducted by election commissions, and can use multiple types of elections for different offices.
