List of pusher aircraft by configuration and date

Last updated

A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines.
Pushers may be classified according to lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft) as well as engine/propeller location and drive. For historical interest, pusher aircraft are also classified by date.
Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).

Contents

Conventional and three surface layouts

The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.

Direct drive

Propeller ahead of tail

Between frames (Farman layout)
Top to bottom: 1870 helicopter;
1871 'Planophore;
1873 ornithopter Penaud's flying models.jpg
Top to bottom: 1870 helicopter;
1871 'Planophore;
1873 ornithopter
Wright Flyer 1903 pusher First flight2.jpg
Wright Flyer 1903 pusher
Wright, Curtiss and Farman pushers PUsher Biplanes.jpg
Wright, Curtiss and Farman pushers
Voisin-Farman 1908 Voisin-Farman I.jpg
Voisin-Farman 1908
Curtiss ndeg2 (1909 C K Hamilton's first flight at The Meadows 1910-03-11 detail.jpeg
Curtiss n°2 (1909
Bristol Boxkite (1910) Bristol Boxkite repro(2).jpg
Bristol Boxkite (1910)
Wright Model B (1910) WrightModelB-Far08.jpg
Wright Model B (1910)
Curtiss Model E (1911) Curtiss a-1 pusher 1911.jpg
Curtiss Model E (1911)
Curtiss Model F (1912) Curtiss f floatplane.jpg
Curtiss Model F (1912)
Voisin III (1914) (Amiens. Avion biplan Voisin et trois militaires) - Fonds Berthele - 49Fi194 (cropped).jpg
Voisin III (1914)
Airco DH.2 (1915) Airco D.H.2 ExCC.jpg
Airco DH.2 (1915)
Vickers FB.5 (1915) Vickers FB.5 Gunbus 2345 G-ATVP Yvtn 09.07.66 edited-3.jpg
Vickers FB.5 (1915)
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2] (1915) Royal Aircraft Factory FE2b profile.jpg
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2] (1915)
Grigorovitch M-9 (1916) Grigorovic M-9.jpg
Grigorovitch M-9 (1916)
FBA Type H (1916) Schreck FBA.4 Type H 5.160 BAF BRU Msm 14.04.00R edited-2.jpg
FBA Type H (1916)
Voisin VIII (1916) Voisin VIII NARA 17342123.jpg
Voisin VIII (1916)
Macchi M.5 (1917) Macchi M.5.jpg
Macchi M.5 (1917)
Supermarine Walrus flying boat (1933) Supermarine Walrus.jpg
Supermarine Walrus flying boat (1933)
Bereiev MBR-2 (1935) Mp-1-beriev40a.jpg
Bereiev MBR-2 (1935)
Dornier Do 18 (1935) Dornier Do 18 D-ANHR in flight 1938.jpg
Dornier Do 18 (1935)
De Schelde S.21 drawings (1939) De Schelde S.21 3-view.svg
De Schelde S.21 drawings (1939)
SAAB J 21 fighter (1943). Saab J 21A-3.jpg
SAAB J 21 fighter (1943).
Experimental fighter Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender (1943) Curtiss XP-55 Ascender in flight 061024-F-1234P-007.jpg
Experimental fighter Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender (1943)
Kyushu J7W Shinden (1945) A prototype of J7W Shinden.jpg
Kyushu J7W Shinden (1945)
Republic RC-3 Seabee with gear retracted (1945) Republic SeaBee.jpg
Republic RC-3 Seabee with gear retracted (1945)
Fokker F.25 (1946) Fokker F.25 Promoter L'Aerophile magazine August,1947.png
Fokker F.25 (1946)
Experimental flying wing bomber Northrop XB-35 (1946) XB-35.jpg
Experimental flying wing bomber Northrop XB-35 (1946)
Convair B-36 Peacemaker (1946) Convair B-36 Peacemaker.jpg
Convair B-36 Peacemaker (1946)
Alaparma Baldo (1949) Alaparma AP75 Baldo.jpg
Alaparma Baldo (1949)
Lake Buccaneer (1950) LakeLA-4-200BucaneerC-FZZN01.jpg
Lake Buccaneer (1950)
SIAI Marchetti FN 333 Riviera (1952) SMFN333Rivera.jpg
SIAI Marchetti FN 333 Riviera (1952)
Piaggio P.166 (1957) Piaggio P166 Albatross ZU-NJZ (Ex SAAF 898) (2) (6925889329).jpg
Piaggio P.166 (1957)
Raab Krahe (1958) Raab Krahe IV Powered Glider D-KORL RFrontSide DMFO 10June2013 (14563794606).jpg
Raab Krähe (1958)
Cessna 337 Skymaster (1962) Cessna 337 (8735367365).jpg
Cessna 337 Skymaster (1962)
Lesher teal (1965) Lesher Teal.jpg
Lesher teal (1965)
Bede BD-5 (1971) Flug mit Bede5.jpg
Bede BD-5 (1971)
Lockspeiser LDA-1 (1971) Lockspeiser LDA-1.jpg
Lockspeiser LDA-1 (1971)
Rutan VariEze 1975 Rutan.variEze.g-veze.arp.jpg
Rutan VariEze 1975
Cascade Kasperwing I-80 1976 Cascade Kasperwing I-80.jpg
Cascade Kasperwing I-80 1976
Rutan Long-EZ pusher configuration homebuilt aircraft. Rutan.long-EZ.g-wily.arp.jpg
Rutan Long-EZ pusher configuration homebuilt aircraft.
PZL M-17 (1977) PZL M-17 pas.png
PZL M-17 (1977)
RFB X-114 (1977) SbY0U.jpg
RFB X-114 (1977)
Edgley Optica (1979) Edgley Optica Sywell 1.jpg
Edgley Optica (1979)
Quad City Challenger - a mid-engined pusher ultralight aircraft QuadCityChallengerIIC-IBUY08.jpg
Quad City Challenger – a mid-engined pusher ultralight aircraft
Grinvalds Orion (1981) Grinvald G.801 Orion AN0244826.jpg
Grinvalds Orion (1981)
LearAvia Lear Fan (1981) LearFan.jpg
LearAvia Lear Fan (1981)
Sadler Vampire (1982) Sadler Vampire ultralight aircraft.jpg
Sadler Vampire (1982)
Beechcraft Starship (1983) Beechcraft Starship fly-by.jpg
Beechcraft Starship (1983)
Spectrum SA-550 (1983) Spectrum SA-550.jpg
Spectrum SA-550 (1983)
Dornier Seastar (1984) Dornier Seastar D-ICKS.jpg
Dornier Seastar (1984)
RTAF-5 (1984) RTAF-5 (7880743608).jpg
RTAF-5 (1984)
Prescott Pusher (1985) Prescott Pusher.jpg
Prescott Pusher (1985)
Piaggio P.180 Avanti (1986) Piaggio P 180 Avanti 2004 by-RaBoe.jpg
Piaggio P.180 Avanti (1986)
Airkraft Sunny joined wing 1989 Sunny Myx.jpg
Airkraft Sunny joined wing 1989
Miller-Bohannan JM-2 Special 1989 Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Special N189BB.jpg
Miller-Bohannan JM-2 Special 1989
Seabird seeker (1989) Seabird SB7L-360A Seeker 2 Bundaberg Vabre.jpg
Seabird seeker (1989)
Rans S12 1990 Rans S12 (D-MQQQ) 04.jpg
Rans S12 1990
Embraer-FMA CBA-123 Vector Embraer-FMA CBA-123 Vector (IA-70 Parana) (PT-ZVE).jpg
Embraer-FMA CBA-123 Vector
UAV SAGEM Sperwer B (1990s) SPERWER B P1220856.jpg
UAV SAGEM Sperwer B (1990s)
Aeroprakt A-20 Vista (1991 Aeropract A-20 AN2289022.jpg
Aeroprakt A-20 Vista (1991
NPO Molniya (1993) Triplane "Molniya". (10221510626).jpg
NPO Molniya (1993)
Creative Flight Aerocat (2001) Aerocat-2000.jpg
Creative Flight Aerocat (2001)
UCAV General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (2001) MQ-9 Reaper in flight 2.jpg
UCAV General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (2001)
NAL Saras (2004) HAL Saras.jpg
NAL Saras (2004)
LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse (2008) LH-10 Ellipse F-WWML.JPG
LH Aviation LH-10 Ellipse (2008)
Aeroprakt A-36 (2011) Aeroprakt A-36 AN1421645.jpg
Aeroprakt A-36 (2011)
AHRLAC (2014) AHRLAC Take-off.jpg
AHRLAC (2014)
Between frames or booms (1915 and later)
Between booms

1945 and later

1980 and later

Between booms / UAV's
Between outboard tail booms
Coaxially in rear fuselage
Nacelle above fuselage

WW1 or Before

1920s

1930s

Post War II

Below tail boom
Between up and down tail booms
Above tailboom

Propeller behind the tail

Lateral behind wing

1930 and later

Lateral nacelles

Remote drive

Propeller ahead of tail

Within airframe
Behind wing

Inside tail

Behind tail

1960 and later

Propeller above fuselage or wing

  • Schleicher ASH 26 1995 1 seat glider with retractable propeller, 234 built
  • Airfish-3 WIG 1990 Wing In Ground Effect demonstrator one seat, 1 built
  • Airfish-8 WIG 2007 Wing In Ground Effect transport prototype 8/10 seats, 2 built

Canard and tandem layouts

A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.

Direct drive

1945 and later In this section Rutan pushers are more than 1000 built.

Remote engine mounting

Joined wings

A tandem (or three-surface) configuration whose wingtips are joined is a Closed wing.

Tailless aircraft, Flying wings

Tailless aircraft

Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer.

Tailless, fabric wing, no fuselage

Flying wings

Flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.

Push-pull aircraft

Sides of fuselage

Above fuselage

Extremities

On nose and between booms

On wings and between booms

Rotorcraft

See also

Bibliography

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References

Notes

  1. the propeller revolves on the upper boom
  2. the propeller revolves on the upper boom
  3. see Ambrosini SS.4#Development
  4. Extension shaft on aft engine. The tractor engine only used during take-off, climb and some part of the course. It was actually used to cope with aft engine trouble

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Bibliography