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1991 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Street Fighter II , Final Fantasy IV , Super Castlevania IV , Mega Man 4 , Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts , and The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past , along with new titles such as Sonic the Hedgehog , Battletoads , Lemmings , Sunset Riders , Duke Nukem , Fatal Fury: King of Fighters , and Streets of Rage . The year's highest-grossing video game worldwide was Capcom's arcade fighting game Street Fighter II. The year's best-selling system was the Game Boy for the second year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video game was Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog, which was also the year's top video game rental in the United States.
The following titles won Game of the Year awards for 1991.
The following video game releases in 1991 entered Famitsu magazine's "Platinum Hall of Fame" for receiving Famitsu scores of at least 35 out of 40. [7]
Title | Platform | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Score (out of 40) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (A Link to the Past) | Super Famicom | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | 39 |
Final Fantasy IV | Super Famicom | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | 36 |
Lemmings | Super Famicom | Sunsoft | Sunsoft | Strategy | 35 |
The year's highest-grossing game worldwide was Street Fighter II , which alone accounted for an estimated 60% of the global arcade game market, according to Coinslot magazine. [8] The following table lists the year's top-grossing arcade game in Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, and worldwide.
Market | Title | Hardware sales | Coin drop earnings | Inflation | Manufacturer | Genre | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japan | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 17,000 | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [9] [10] |
United Kingdom | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 10,000 | $229 million+ | $510 million+ | Capcom | Fighting | [8] |
United States | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [11] [12] | |
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Unknown | Unknown | Konami | Beat 'em up | [13] | ||
Australia | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [14] | |
Worldwide | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 50,000 | Capcom | Fighting | [8] [10] |
In Japan, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1991, according to the annual Gamest and Game Machine charts.
Rank | Gamest [9] | Game Machine [10] | |
---|---|---|---|
Title | Type | ||
1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Software conversion kit |
2 | Final Fight | Tetris (Sega) | Software conversion kit |
3 | Final Lap 2 | Columns | Software conversion kit |
4 | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | Final Lap 2 | Standard cabinet |
5 | Raiden | Deluxe cabinet | |
6 | Super Monaco GP | Super Volley '91 (Power Spikes) | Software conversion kit |
7 | Clutch Hitter | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | |
8 | GP Rider | Final Fight | Software conversion kit |
9 | Super Volley '91 (Power Spikes) | World Stadium '90 | Software conversion kit |
10 | Dragon Saber | Columns II | Software conversion kit |
In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade video games of 1991.
Rank | AAMA [11] [12] [15] | AMOA [16] [17] | Play Meter | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title | Award | Arcade conversion kit | Dedicated arcade cabinet | ||
1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Diamond | Street Fighter II | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles [13] |
2 | The Simpsons , Neo Geo MVS | Platinum | Capcom Bowling , Final Fight , High Impact Football , Raiden | Hard Drivin' , Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter , Race Drivin' | Unknown |
3 | |||||
4 | High Impact Football | Gold | |||
5 | Final Lap 2 | Silver |
In Hong Kong and Australia, the following titles were the top-grossing arcade games on the monthly charts in 1991.
Month | Hong Kong (Bondeal) | Australia (Timezone) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arcade conversion software kit | Dedicated arcade cabinet | Ref | Dedicated | Conversion | Ref | ||||
January | Super Pang | Big Run | Cisco Heat | [18] [19] | Unknown | Unknown | |||
February | Escape Kids | Street Fighter II | Cisco Heat | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | [19] [20] | |||
March | Street Fighter II | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | F-15 Strike Eagle | [20] [21] [22] | ||||
April | Street Fighter II | Gun Force | F-15 Strike Eagle | [22] [23] | |||||
May | Street Fighter II | F-15 Strike Eagle | Hard Drivin' | [23] [24] | |||||
June | Hard Drivin' | [24] [25] | |||||||
July | Street Fighter II | Mutant Fighter | [25] [26] | ||||||
August | Mutant Fighter | D. D. Crew | Hard Drivin' | Time Traveler | [26] [27] | ||||
September | WWF WrestleFest | Street Fighter II | Time Traveler | Hard Drivin' | [27] [28] | ||||
October | Street Fighter II | Vendetta | Hard Drivin' | Race Drivin' | [28] | Final Lap 2 | Spider-Man | [29] | |
1991 | Street Fighter II | [14] |
Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japan | USA | Europe | Korea | Worldwide | |||||
1 | Game Boy | Nintendo | Handheld | 8-bit | 1,940,000 [30] | 4,000,000 [31] | 1,400,000 [32] | Unknown | 7,340,000+ |
2 | Super NES | Nintendo | Console | 16-bit | 3,150,000 [30] | 1,900,000+ [33] | — | — | 5,050,000+ |
3 | NES / Famicom | Nintendo | Console | 8-bit | 1,240,000 [30] | 2,100,000 [31] | 500,000+ [34] | 100,000 [35] | 3,940,000+ |
4 | Mega Drive / Genesis | Sega | Console | 16-bit | 700,000 [30] | 1,600,000+ [36] | 815,000 [37] | 51,000 [35] | 3,166,000+ |
5 | IBM PC | IBM | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,910,000 [38] |
6 | Macintosh | Apple Inc. | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,100,000 [39] |
7 | Master System | Sega | Console | 8-bit | Unknown | < 50,000 [40] | 1,745,000 [37] | 160,000 [35] | 1,905,000+ |
8 | NEC PC-88 / PC-98 | NEC | Computer | 8-bit / 16-bit | 1,720,000 [41] [42] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 1,720,000+ |
9 | Game Gear | Sega | Handheld | 8-bit | 400,000 [30] | 600,000+ [43] | 520,000 [37] | Unknown | 1,520,000+ |
10 | Amiga | Commodore | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 1,035,000 [39] |
Sonic the Hedgehog was the best-selling home video game of 1991, [44] with 2 million copies sold worldwide during the year. [45]
In Japan, according to Famicom Tsūshin (Famitsu) magazine, the following titles were the top ten best-selling 1991 releases, including later sales in 1992. [46]
Rank | Title | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Platform | Sales |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (A Link to the Past) | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | < 1,160,000 [47] |
2 | Final Fantasy IV (Final Fantasy II) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Super Famicom | Unknown |
3 | Yoshi | Game Freak | Nintendo | Puzzle | Famicom | Unknown |
4 | Game Boy | |||||
5 | Ganbare Goemon: Yukihime Kyūshutsu Emaki (Mystical Ninja) | Konami | Konami | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | Unknown |
6 | SaGa 3: Jikū no Hasha (Final Fantasy Legend III) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Game Boy | < 650,000 [48] |
7 | Chō Makaimura (Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts) | Capcom | Capcom | Action-platformer | Super Famicom | Unknown |
8 | SimCity | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | City-building | ||
9 | Super Wagan Land | Namco | Platformer | |||
10 | Super Formation Soccer (Super Soccer) | Human Entertainment | Sports (football) | Super Famicom | < 600,000 [49] |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games on the Famitsu charts in 1991. The charts were bi-weekly up until July 1991, when they switched to a weekly format.
Month | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | Unknown | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | [50] | ||
February | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | ||||
March | [50] [51] | ||||
April | Ultraman (Super Famicom) | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | |||
May | Super Mario World (Super Famicom) | SimCity (Super Famicom) | [50] [51] [52] | ||
June | SimCity (Super Famicom) | Magical Taruruto (Game Boy) | [50] | ||
July | SimCity (Super Famicom) | Super R-Type (SFC) | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | ||
August | Unknown | Unknown | Final Fantasy IV (SFC) | Dragon Ball Z II: Gekishin Freeza (FC) | [50] [53] |
September | Final Fantasy IV (Super Famicom) | Chibi Maruko-chan 2 (GB) | Mario Open Golf (Famicom) | [53] [54] [55] | |
October | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | [55] [56] [57] | |||
November | Chō Makaimura (Super Famicom) | Akumajō Dracula (SFC) | Super Mario World (SFC) | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (SFC) | [50] [58] |
December | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce (SFC) [58] | Mega Man 4 (FC) | SaGa 3 (Game Boy) | [50] [59] [60] |
In the United Kingdom, the following titles were the best-selling home video games on the monthly Computer and Video Games (CVG) charts in 1991.
Month | Home computers | Sega Mega Drive | PC Engine | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
January | Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (C64) | Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse | Out Run | [61] |
February | Speedball 2: Brutal Deluxe (Amiga) | [62] | ||
March | Lemmings (Amiga) | Gynoug | Parasol Stars | [63] |
April | Magicland Dizzy (ZX Spectrum) | Midnight Resistance | [64] | |
May | [65] | |||
June | Sonic the Hedgehog | Legend of Hero Tonma | [66] | |
July | Bubble Bobble (ZX Spectrum) | — | [67] | |
August | Manchester United Europe | — | — | [68] |
September | Jimmy White's 'Whirlwind' Snooker | Streets of Rage | PC Kid 2 | [69] |
October | Terminator 2: Judgment Day | Mercs | Hit the Ice | [70] |
November | Lotus Turbo Challenge 2 | QuackShot | Time Cruise II | [71] |
December | WWF WrestleMania | RoboCod | Gradius | [72] [73] |
In the United States, the following titles were the top three best-selling home video game releases of 1991.
Rank | Title | Platform | Sales | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | 1,000,000+ | [44] |
2 | Super Mario World | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Unknown | [74] |
3 | F-Zero |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games of each month in 1991.
Month | All platforms | Nintendo consoles | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title | Platform | Ref | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref | |
May | Unknown | Unknown | Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) | [75] | ||||
June | Unknown | Unknown | [76] [77] | |||||
August | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | [78] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
September | Unknown | Tetris (NES) | Super Mario World (Super NES) | Unknown | [79] | |||
October | Super Mario World (Super NES) [80] [81] [82] | |||||||
November | Unknown | |||||||
December | [44] | Super Mario World (Super NES) [83] [84] [85] |
Street Fighter II: The World Warrior is a 2D fighting game developed by Capcom and originally released for arcades in 1991. It is the second installment in the Street Fighter series and the sequel to 1987's Street Fighter. It is Capcom's fourteenth game to use the CP System arcade system board. Street Fighter II vastly improved many of the concepts introduced in the first game, including the use of special command-based moves, a combo system, a six-button configuration, and a wider selection of playable characters, each with a unique fighting style.
Kung-Fu Master, known as Spartan X in Japan, is a side-scrolling beat 'em up developed by Irem as an arcade video game in 1984, and distributed by Data East in North America. Designed by Takashi Nishiyama, the game was based on Hong Kong martial arts films. It is a loose adaptation of the Jackie Chan, Sammo Hung, and Yuen Biao film Wheels on Meals (1984), called Spartan X in Japan, with the protagonist Thomas named after Jackie Chan's character in the film. The game is also heavily inspired by the Bruce Lee film Game of Death (1972), which was the basis for the game's concept. Nishiyama, who had previously designed the side-scrolling shooter Moon Patrol (1982), combined fighting elements with a shoot 'em up gameplay rhythm. Irem and Data East exported the game to the West without the Spartan X license.
Famitsu, formerly Famicom Tsūshin, is a line of Japanese video game magazines published by Kadokawa Game Linkage, a subsidiary of Kadokawa. Famitsu is published in both weekly and monthly formats as well as in the form of special topical issues devoted to only one console, video game company, or other theme. Shūkan Famitsū, the original Famitsu publication, is considered the most widely read and respected video game news magazine in Japan. From October 28, 2011, the company began releasing the digital version of the magazine exclusively on BookWalker weekly.
1992 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Dragon Quest V, Final Fantasy V, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, Street Fighter II: Champion Edition, Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins, and Super Mario Kart, along with new titles such as Art of Fighting, Lethal Enforcers, Mortal Kombat and Virtua Racing.
1990 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, Dr. Mario, Dragon Quest IV, Final Fantasy III, Phantasy Star II, and Super Mario World, along with new titles such as Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light and Magic Sword. The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Final Fight in Japan and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles in the United States. The year's best‑selling system was the Game Boy, while the year's best-selling home video game was Super Mario Bros. 3 for the Nintendo Entertainment System.
1989 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Phantasy Star II, Super Mario Land, Super Monaco GP, along with new titles such as Big Run, Bonk's Adventure, Final Fight, Golden Axe, Strider, Hard Drivin' and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The year also saw the release of the Sega Genesis and TurboGrafx-16 in North America, and the Game Boy worldwide along with Tetris and Super Mario Land.
1988 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Dragon Quest III, Super Contra, Super Mario Bros. 2, Mega Man 2, Double Dragon II: The Revenge, and Super Mario Bros. 3, along with new titles such as Assault, Altered Beast, Capcom Bowling, Ninja Gaiden, RoboCop, Winning Run and Chase H.Q.
1987 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, Dragon Quest II, Final Lap, and Zelda II, along with new titles such as After Burner, Contra, Double Dragon, Final Fantasy, Mega Man, Metal Gear, Operation Wolf, Phantasy Star, Shinobi, Street Fighter and The Last Ninja. The Legend of Zelda was also introduced outside of Japan.
1986 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Super Mario Bros. 2, along with new titles such as Arkanoid, Bubble Bobble, Castlevania, Dragon Quest, Ikari Warriors, The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Out Run and R.B.I. Baseball. The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Hang-On in Japan, Hang-On and Gauntlet in the United States, and Nemesis (Gradius) in London. The year's best‑selling home system was the Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) for the third year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video games in Western markets were Super Mario Bros. in the United States and Yie Ar Kung-Fu in the United Kingdom.
Dragon Quest V: Hand of the Heavenly Bride is a role-playing video game and the fifth installment in the Dragon Quest video game series, second of the Zenithian Trilogy. Originally developed by Chunsoft and published by Enix Corporation, Dragon Quest V was the first title in the series to be released for the Super Famicom video game console in Japan in September 1992. Dragon Quest V was the first game in the series to not be released in America due to programming issues at the time.
Super Monaco GP is a Formula One racing simulation video game released by Sega, originally as a Sega X Board arcade game in 1989, followed by ports for multiple video game consoles and home computers in the early 1990s. It is the sequel to the 1979 arcade game Monaco GP. The arcade game consists of one race, the Monaco Grand Prix, but later ports added more courses and game modes based on the 1989 Formula One World Championship.
Street Fighter II Turbo: Hyper Fighting is a competitive fighting game released by Capcom for arcades in 1992. It is the third arcade version of Street Fighter II, part of the Street Fighter franchise, following Street Fighter II: Champion Edition, and was initially released as an enhancement kit for that game. Released less than a year after the previous installment, Turbo introduced a faster playing speed and new special moves for certain characters, as well as further refinement to the character balance.
Tengai Makyō II: Manji Maru, also known as Far East of Eden II: Manji Maru, is a role-playing video game and the second game in the Tengai Makyō series. It was first released in 1992 for the PC Engine Super CD-ROM² by Hudson Soft and developed by Red Company.
Family Stadium, also known as Pro Yakyū: Family Stadium and Famista, is a series of baseball sports video games initially developed and released by Namco in Japan, and later developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The first entry in the series, Pro Baseball: Family Stadium, was released for the Nintendo Family Computer in 1986 and later in North America as R.B.I. Baseball, with the series being released on numerous home consoles, the latest being Pro Yakyuu Famista 2020 in 2020 for the Nintendo Switch. The series is considered a precursor to Namco's own World Stadium series of baseball games, released for arcades, PlayStation, and GameCube. The series has been a commercial success since, with over 15 million copies being sold as of 2016.
F-1 Grand Prix (エフワングランプリ) is a series of Formula One video games developed and published by Video System, primarily known for developing the Aero Fighters series. Prior to obtaining the FOCA license, the company previously released an arcade game in 1989 called Tail to Nose: Great Championship. Video System began releasing officially licensed titles in 1991 as an arcade game and for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, initially featuring content from the 1991 season; the company later followed up by releasing games based on the 1992 and 1993 seasons, although the 1993 season game had no arcade release. The arcade and SNES games are played with a top-down view centered on the players chosen vehicles. These titles feature the song "Truth" by T-Square, featured branding from Fuji Television's Formula One coverage, and the SNES versions were only released in Japan. Video System also developed SD F-1 Grand Prix, a Super Mario Kart style game featuring animal caricatures of selected 1994 drivers.
Captain Tsubasa 4: Professional Rivals is the third sequel and fourth installment in the Captain Tsubasa video game series by Tecmo. It's a direct sequel of Captain Tsubasa 3: Koutei no Chousen and was released exclusively in Japan for Nintendo's Super Famicom on April 3, 1993, with inferior graphics compared to its predecessor.
Super Batter Up, known in Japan as Super Famista, is a baseball video game with both a one- and two-player mode plus a league mode.
Family Circuit is a top-down racing video game released for the Family Computer in 1988 by Namco in Japan only. The game was developed by Masanobu Endō, who previously developed Xevious and The Tower of Druaga, and his company Game Studio.
Pro Baseball: Family Stadium, released as Pro Yakyū: Family Stadium in Japan and R.B.I. Baseball in North America, is a 1986 baseball video game developed and published by Namco for the Nintendo Entertainment System. In North America, it was published by Tengen as R.B.I. Baseball. It was also released in arcades through the Nintendo VS. System. It is the first game in the Family Stadium and R.B.I. Baseball franchises. The game was a critical and commercial success in Japan and North America.
Master
1991 0.0
1990 0.3
Traditionally, dominated by Japanese vendors, the market had reached 2.5 million units in 1989, and 3.3 million units in 1991 (Dataquest Inc.)
The Sega Game Gear, a portable video game system, was also released in 1991. Game Gear featured a color display with an 8-bit microprocessor, it was an instant success, selling over 600,000 units in its first year.