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1983 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Mario Bros. and Pole Position II , along with new titles such as Astron Belt , Champion Baseball , Dragon's Lair , Elevator Action , Spy Hunter and Track & Field . Major events include the video game crash of 1983 in North America, and the third generation of video game consoles beginning with the launch of Nintendo's Family Computer (Famicom) and Sega's SG-1000 in Japan. The year's highest-grossing video game was Namco's arcade game Pole Position , while the year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Game & Watch for the third time since 1980.
Pole Position , a racing game by Namco, was the most successful arcade game of 1983. [4]
In Japan, Game Machine magazine began publishing half-monthly charts of top-grossing arcade games from June 1, 1983. [5] The following titles were the top-grossing arcade video games on the Game Machine charts from June to December 1983.
Month | Table arcade cabinet | Upright/cockpit cabinet | Ref | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First half | Second half | First half | Second half | ||
May | Champion Baseball | Astron Belt | [6] | ||
June | [7] [5] | ||||
July | [8] [9] | ||||
August | Champion Baseball | Elevator Action | [10] [11] | ||
September | Elevator Action | Ultra Quiz | Astron Belt | [12] [13] | |
October | Pole Position | Star Wars | [14] [15] | ||
November | Xevious | Joshi Volleyball | Laser Grand Prix | Pole Position II | [16] [17] |
December | Exerion | Hyper Olympic | TX-1 | [18] [19] |
In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1983, according to RePlay magazine, the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA), and Cash Box magazine.
Rank | RePlay | AMOA [20] | Cash Box [21] | Play Meter |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pole Position [22] | Pole Position [23] | Ms. Pac-Man , Pole Position | Dragon's Lair [24] |
2 | Dragon's Lair , Mr. Do! [25] | Bump 'n' Jump , Galaga , Ms. Pac-Man , Mr. Do! , Bag Man , Nibbler , Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom , Jungle King (Jungle Hunt) Donkey Kong , Joust , Time Pilot , Q*bert | Unknown | |
3 | Dragon's Lair | |||
4 | Unknown | Millipede | ||
5 | Unknown | — | ||
6 | ||||
7 | ||||
8 | ||||
9 | ||||
10 | ||||
11 | ||||
12 | ||||
13 |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games of 1983.
Rank | Title | Platform | Publisher | Licensor | Release Year | Genre | Sales | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ms. Pac-Man | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | Midway | 1983 | Maze | 1,963,078 | [26] |
2 | Donkey Kong | ColecoVision | Coleco | Nintendo | 1982 | Platformer | 1,500,000 | [27] |
3 | Centipede | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | — | 1983 | Shoot 'em up | 1,475,240 | [26] |
4 | Pitfall! | Atari 2600 | Activision | — | 1982 | Platformer | 1,000,000+ | [28] [29] |
5 | Pac-Man | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | Namco | 1982 | Maze | 684,569 | [26] |
6 | Night Driver | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | — | 1980 | Racing | 580,959 | |
7 | Space Invaders | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | Taito | 1980 | Shoot 'em up | 435,353 | |
8 | Warlords | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | — | 1981 | Action | 372,672 | |
9 | Breakout | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | — | 1978 | Block breaker | 312,672 | |
10 | Centipede | Atari 2600 | Atari, Inc. | — | 1983 | Shoot 'em up | 100,499 |
Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japan | Worldwide | |||||
1 | Game & Watch | Nintendo | Handheld | — | — | 5,300,000 [30] |
2 | Atari 2600 (Atari VCS) | Atari, Inc. | Console | Second | — | 3,000,000 [31] |
3 | Commodore 64 (C64) | Commodore | Computer | 8-bit | — | 2,000,000 [32] |
4 | ColecoVision | Coleco | Console | Second | — | 1,500,000 [27] |
5 | Family Computer (Famicom / NES) | Nintendo | Console | Third | 1,000,000+ [33] [34] | 1,000,000+ |
6 | IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) | IBM | Computer | 8-bit / 16-bit | — | 850,000 [35] |
7 | Intellivision | Mattel | Console | Second | — | 750,000 [36] |
8 | Atari 400 / Atari 800 | Atari, Inc. | Computer | 8-bit | — | 500,000 [32] |
9 | Apple II | Apple Inc. | Computer | 8-bit | — | 420,000 [32] |
10 | NEC PC-88 / PC-98 | NEC | Computer | 8-bit / 16-bit | 360,000 [37] [38] | 360,000+ |
Arcade
Personal computer
Console
Arcade
Console
Personal computer
ColecoVision is a second-generation home video-game console developed by Coleco and launched in North America in August 1982. It was released a year later in Europe by CBS Electronics as the CBS ColecoVision.
The video game crash of 1983 was a large-scale recession in the video game industry that occurred from 1983 to 1985 in the United States. The crash was attributed to several factors, including market saturation in the number of video game consoles and available games, many of which were of poor quality. Waning interest in console games in favor of personal computers also played a role. Home video game revenue peaked at around $3.2 billion in 1983, then fell to around $100 million by 1985. The crash abruptly ended what is retrospectively considered the second generation of console video gaming in North America. To a lesser extent, the arcade video game market also weakened as the golden age of arcade video games came to an end.
Zaxxon is a scrolling shooter developed and released by Sega as an arcade video game in 1982. The player pilots a ship through heavily defended space fortresses. Japanese electronics company Ikegami Tsushinki was also involved in the game's development.
Namco Limited was a Japanese multinational video game and entertainment company, headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo. It held several international branches, including Namco America in Santa Clara, California, Namco Europe in London, Namco Taiwan in Kaohsiung, and Shanghai Namco in mainland China.
BurgerTime, originally released as Hamburger in Japan, is a 1982 arcade video game from Data East released initially for its DECO Cassette System. The player is chef Peter Pepper, who must walk over hamburger ingredients in a maze of platforms and ladders while avoiding anthropomorphic hot dogs, fried eggs, and pickles which are in pursuit.
In the history of video games, the third generation of video game consoles, commonly referred to as the 8-bit era, began on July 15, 1983, with the Japanese release of two systems: Nintendo's Family Computer and Sega's SG-1000. When the Famicom was released outside of Japan, it was remodeled and marketed as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). This generation marked the end of the video game crash of 1983, and a shift in the dominance of home video game manufacturers from the United States to Japan. Handheld consoles were not a major part of this generation; the Game & Watch line from Nintendo and the Milton Bradley Microvision that were sold at the time are both considered part of the previous generation due to hardware typical of the second generation.
Galaxian is a 1979 fixed shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco. The player assumes control of the Galaxip starfighter in its mission to protect Earth from waves of aliens. Gameplay involves destroying each formation of aliens, who dive down towards the player in an attempt to hit them.
The Nintendo VS. System is an arcade system that was developed and produced by Nintendo. It is based on most of the same hardware as the Family Computer (Famicom), later released as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). As Nintendo was planning to release the NES in North America, they were aware of the video game crash of 1983 and its effects on the home console market. By March 1984 the arcade industry recovered enough for a plan to introduce NES titles there, with the VS. System later being a presentation to players who did not yet own the console. It became the first version of the Famicom hardware to debut in North America.
Donkey Kong is a 1981 arcade video game developed and published by Nintendo. As Mario, the player runs and jumps on platforms and climbs ladders to ascend a construction site and rescue Pauline from a giant gorilla, Donkey Kong. It is the first game in the Donkey Kong series and Mario's first appearance in a video game.
The following article is a broad timeline of arcade video games.
1986 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Super Mario Bros. 2, along with new titles such as Arkanoid, Bubble Bobble, Castlevania, Dragon Quest, Ikari Warriors, The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Out Run and R.B.I. Baseball. The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Hang-On in Japan, Hang-On and Gauntlet in the United States, and Nemesis (Gradius) in London. The year's best‑selling home system was the Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) for the third year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video games in Western markets were Super Mario Bros. in the United States and Yie Ar Kung-Fu in the United Kingdom.
1985 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Super Mario Bros. and Kung Fu, along with new titles such as Commando, Duck Hunt, Gauntlet, Ghosts 'n Goblins, Gradius, Hang-On, Space Harrier, Tetris and The Way of the Exploding Fist. The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Hang-On and Karate Champ in the United States, and Commando in the United Kingdom. The year's best‑selling home system was the Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) for a consecutive year, while the year's best‑selling home video game was Super Mario Bros.
1984 saw many sequels and prequels along with new titles such as 1942, Boulder Dash, Cobra Command, Jet Set Willy, Karate Champ, Kung-Fu Master, Yie Ar Kung-Fu and Punch-Out!! The year's highest-grossing arcade games were Pole Position in the United States, for the second year in a row, and Track & Field in the United Kingdom. The year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Family Computer (Famicom), which was only sold in Japan at the time.
1982 was the peak year for the golden age of arcade video games as well as the second generation of video game consoles. Many games were released that would spawn franchises, or at least sequels, including Dig Dug, Pole Position, Mr. Do!, Zaxxon, Q*bert, Time Pilot and Pitfall! The year's highest-grossing video game was Namco's arcade game Pac-Man, for the third year in a row, while the year's best-selling home system was the Atari 2600. Additional video game consoles added to a crowded market, notably the ColecoVision and Atari 5200. Troubles at Atari late in the year triggered the video game crash of 1983.
1977 had sequels such as Super Speed Race and Datsun 280 ZZZAP as well as several new titles such as Space Wars. The year's highest-grossing arcade games were F-1 and Speed Race DX in Japan, and Sea Wolf and Sprint 2 in the United States. The year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Color TV-Game, which was only sold in Japan.
Mr. Do! is a 1982 maze video game developed by Universal. It is the first arcade video game to be released as a conversion kit for other cabinets; Taito published the conversion kit in Japan. The game was inspired by Namco's Dig Dug released earlier in 1982. Mr. Do! was a commercial success in Japan and North America, selling 30,000 arcade units in the US, and it was followed by several arcade sequels.
The history of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) spans the 1982 development of the Family Computer, to the 1985 launch of the NES, to Nintendo's rise to global dominance based upon this platform throughout the late 1980s. The Family Computer or Famicom was developed in 1982 and launched in 1983 in Japan. Following the North American video game crash of 1983, the Famicom was adapted into the NES which was launched in North America in 1985. Transitioning the company from its arcade game history into this combined global 8-bit home video game console platform, the Famicom and NES continued to aggressively compete with next-generation 16-bit consoles, including the Sega Genesis. The platform was succeeded by the Super Famicom in 1990 and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1991, but its support and production continued until 1995. Interest in the NES has been renewed by collectors and emulators, including Nintendo's own Virtual Console platform.
Astron Belt (アストロンベルト) is a LaserDisc video game in the form of a third-person, space combat rail shooter, released in arcades in 1983 by Sega in Japan, and licensed to Bally Midway for release in North America. Developed in 1982, it was the first major arcade laserdisc video game. The game combines full-motion video (FMV) footage from the laserdisc with real-time 2D graphics. The arcade game was available in both upright and cockpit arcade cabinets, with the latter having illuminated buttons on the control panel, a larger 25" monitor, and a force feedback vibrating seat.
The 1980s was the second decade in the industry's history. It was a decade of highs and lows for video games. The decade began amidst a boom in the arcade video game business with the golden age of arcade video games, the Atari 2600's dominance of the home console market during the second generation of video game consoles, and the rising influence of home computers. However, an oversatuation of low quality games led to an implosion of the video game market that nearly destroyed the industry in North America. Most investors believed video games to be a fad that had since passed, up until Nintendo's success with its Nintendo Entertainment System revived interest in game consoles and led to a recovery of the home video game industry. In the remaining years of the decade, Sega ignites a console war with Nintendo, developers that had been affected by the crash experimented with PC games, and Nintendo released the Game Boy, which would become the best-selling handheld gaming device for the next two decades. Other consoles released in the decade included the Intellivision, ColecoVision, TurboGrafx-16 and Sega Genesis.
Rolling Thunder is a run and gun video game developed by Namco in Japan and Europe and released in 1986 as a coin-operated arcade video game using the Namco System 86 hardware. It was distributed in North America by Atari Games. The player takes control of a secret agent who must rescue his female partner from a terrorist organization. Rolling Thunder was a commercial success in arcades, and it was released for various home computer platforms in 1987 and the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1989. The original arcade game has been included in various classic game compilations as well. It influenced later arcade action franchises such as Shinobi and Time Crisis, which borrowed mechanics such as taking cover behind crates.
Pitfall won the award from Electronic Games magazine as the best video game adventure of 1983, and in 1982 sold more than 1 million copies.
Within two months of the Famicom's July 1983 launch around 500,000 had been sold. By the end of the year sales had topped the million mark.
The Nintendo Famicom was released in July of 1983 and by the end of the year had sold more than a million units.