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Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and social activist. After escaping slavery, Tubman made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, including her family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known collectively as the Underground Railroad. During the American Civil War, she served as an armed scout and spy for the Union Army. In her later years, Tubman was an activist in the movement for women's suffrage.
Gullah is a creole language spoken by the Gullah people, an African-American population living in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia as well as extreme northeastern Florida and the extreme southeast of North Carolina.
The Gullah are an African American ethnic group who predominantly live in the Lowcountry region of the U.S. states of South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida within the coastal plain and the Sea Islands. Their language and culture have preserved a significant influence of Africanisms as a result of their historical geographic isolation and the community's relation to their shared history and identity.
The Lowcountry is a geographic and cultural region along South Carolina's coast, including the Sea Islands. The region includes significant salt marshes and other coastal waterways, making it an important source of biodiversity in South Carolina.
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Baga, or Barka, is a dialect cluster spoken by the Baga people of coastal Guinea. The name derives from the phrase bae raka Slaves trading place and understood by the local as 'people of the seaside' outcasted people. Most Baga are bilingual in the Mande language Susu, the official regional language. Two ethnically Baga communities, Sobané and Kaloum, are known to have abandoned their (unattested) language altogether in favour of Susu.
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Atlantic Creole is a cultural identifier of those with origins in the transatlantic settlement of the Americas via Europe and Africa.
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The Mel languages are a branch of Niger–Congo languages spoken in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The most populous is Temne, with about two million speakers; Kissi is next, with half a million.
Sierra Leonean Americans are an ethnic group of Americans of full or partial Sierra Leonean ancestry. This includes Sierra Leone Creoles whose ancestors were African American Black Loyalists freed after fighting on the side of the British during the American Revolutionary War. Some African Americans trace their roots to indigenous enslaved Sierra Leoneans exported to the United States between the 18th and early 19th century. In particular, the Gullah people of partial Sierra Leonean ancestry, fled their owners and settled in parts of South Carolina, Georgia, and the Sea Islands, where they still retain their cultural heritage. The first wave of Sierra Leoneans to the United States, after the slavery period, was after the Sierra Leone Civil War in the 1990s and early 2000s. According to the American Community Survey, there are 34,161 Sierra Leonean immigrants living in the United States.
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The Gullah are African Americans who live in the Lowcountry region of the U.S. states of Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, in both the coastal plain and the Sea Islands. They developed a creole language, also called Gullah, and a culture with some African influence.
Benjamin "BJ" Dennis IV is an American Gullah Geechee chef and caterer from Charleston, South Carolina who is known for preserving Gullah Geechee cooking and culture. Additionally, he is also notable for his discovery of hill rice in December 2016 in Trinidad, which was thought to have been extinct.
References
- ↑ "Unburied, Unmourned, Unmarked: Requiem for Rice" September Tour of West African Rice Fields. Requiem for Rice.
- ↑ Edda L. Fields-Black biography.
- ↑ Edda L. Fields Black. Pittsburgh Foundation.
- ↑ Fields, Edda. 2001. Rice farmers in the Rio Nunez region: A social history of agricultural technology and identity in coastal Guinea, ca. 2000 BCE to 1880 CE. Doctoral dissertation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
- ↑ The Gullah Geechee people.
- ↑ Edda Fields-Black. Carnegie Mellon University Center for the Arts in Society.
- ↑ Fields, Edda L. Before "Baga": Settlement Chronologies of the Coastal Rio Nunez Region, Earliest Times to c.1000 CE. In: The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 37, No. 2 (2004), pp. 229-253. Boston University African Studies Center.
- ↑ Neimark, Jill (May 10, 2017). A Lost Rice Variety — And The Story Of The Freed 'Merikins' Who Kept It Alive . NPR.
- ↑ O'Driscoll, Brian. (Feb 12, 2019). Symphonic Work In Pittsburgh Honors Enslaved Africans On Rice Plantations. WESA FM.
- ↑ Edda L. Fields-Black. Department of History, Carnegie Mellon University.
- ↑ Herschthal, Eric (2024-02-23). "Harriet Tubman and the Most Important, Understudied Battle of the Civil War". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583 . Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ↑ February 22, Ousmane Power-GreeneUpdated; 2024; Comments, 8:00 p m Share on Facebook Share on TwitterView. "Harriet Tubman and the Combahee River Raid provide new narrative for Black freedom in Edda L. Fields-Black's 'Combee' - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
{{cite web}}:|first3=has generic name (help);|last2=has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Pittsburgh author recalls Harriet Tubman's role in a Civil War raid". 90.5 WESA. 2024-02-05. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
- ↑ Rutkoski, Rex (Feb 16, 2013). History center's Samuel Black has found his calling. Trib Live.
- ↑ "Samuel Black and Edda Fields-Black". storycorps.org. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
