Governor (India)

Last updated
Governor of Indian States
Emblem of India.svg
State Emblem of India
Flag of India.svg
Flag of India
Style His/Her Excellency
The Honourable
Residence
Appointer President of India
DeputyLieutenant Governor
Salary₹500,000 (US$6,000)
(incl. allowances) per month

In India, a governor is the constitutional head of a state of India that has similar powers and functions at the state level as those of the president of India at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of chief minister and their council of ministers. [1]

Contents

In India, a lieutenant governor (LG) or administrator is the constitutional head of one the eight union territories. A lieutenant governor heads the five union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, [2] Ladakh, [3] Jammu and Kashmir, [4] Delhi [5] [6] and Puducherry, [7] and an administrator heads the three union territories of Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep.

Qualifications, appointment and term of office

Qualifications

Article 157 and Article 158 of the Constitution of India [8] specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:

A governor:

Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.

Appointment

The President of India appoints the governor of each State. [9] The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution. [9]

A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States. [10]

Term of office

A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President. [11] This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them. [12] They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed. [11] They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President. [11]

Powers and functions

The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under Article 159 of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs. [13] All the governor's actions, recommendations and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.

Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President. [14]

A governor has different types of powers:

  1. Executive powers related to administration, appointments and removals,
  2. Legislative powers related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) or State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad),
  3. Judicial Powers related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.
  4. Discretionary powers to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.

Executive powers

Legislative powers

Judicial powers

Discretionary powers

Emergency powers

The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President [42] unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357. [43] [17] [44]

Emoluments/Payment

Governor & Lieutenant Governor's pay
Date establishedDesignationSalary (per month)
1 February 2018Governors₹350,000 (equivalent to ₹470,000orUS$5,600 in 2023)
Lieutenant Governor's₹225,000 (equivalent to ₹300,000orUS$3,600 in 2023)
Source: [45] [46]

Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982. [46]

In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-

Removal

A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:

  1. Dismissal by the president without assigning any reason, [56] at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her. [11] However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide. [56]
  2. Resignation by the governor. [11]

The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution. [57]

Under Article 361 of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.

As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs. Union of India & ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts. [58]

Analysis of role in Government

While the President of India is "elected", the governor is "selected" by the incumbent central government. [59] That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.

The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to. [59]

Political observers have described governorship as "plush old age homes" wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman Ram Lal dismissed the N. T. Rama Rao government and allowed N. Bhaskara Rao as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days. [60]

In January 2014, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the UPA Government to record statements of West Bengal governor M. K. Narayanan and Goa Governor Bharat Vir Wanchoo. [61] Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was National Security Adviser and Wanchoo was Chief of Special Protection Group (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'. [62]

UPA was defeated in the 2014 general election and with the incoming NDA Government's permission, West Bengal governor M. K. Narayanan became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a "witness" in ₹ 3600-crore 2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal. The CBI said Goa governor Bharat Vir Wanchoo would be questioned in the same case. [63] [64] Arunachal Pradesh governor who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts. [65]

Lt Governor of Delhi Najeeb Jung resigned taking moral responsibility for his unconstitutional role when Supreme Court observed that the elected local government is not an unconstitutional institution without any powers. [66]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Veto</span> Legal power to stop an official action, usually enactment of legislation

A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a president or monarch vetoes a bill to stop it from becoming law. In many countries, veto powers are established in the country's constitution. Veto powers are also found at other levels of government, such as in state, provincial or local government, and in international bodies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of India</span> Head of state of India

The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rajya Sabha</span> Upper house of the Parliament of India

The Rajya Sabha, also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023, it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social service. The total allowed capacity is 250 according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245, after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of India</span> Supreme law of India since 1950

The Constitution of India is the supreme legal document of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Sri Lanka</span> Head of state and government of Sri Lanka

The president of Sri Lanka is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime minister and Government of Sri Lanka, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the creation of the office. The president appoints the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka who can command the confidence of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">States and union territories of India</span> Indian national administrative sub-divisions

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliament of India</span> Bicameral legislature of India

The Parliament of India or Indian Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president of India, in their role as head of the legislature, has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha, but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and the Union Council of Ministers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of India</span> Legislative, executive and judiciary authority of India

The Government of India is the government of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of 36 states and union territories. The government is led by the prime minister who exercises the most executive power and selects all the other ministers. The country has been governed by a NDA-led government since 2014. The prime minister and their senior ministers belong to the Union Council of Ministers—its executive decision-making committee being the cabinet.

A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency, the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories: the Delhi Legislative Assembly, Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister, he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become the Speaker of the Legislature.

In India, President's rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct Union government rule in a state. Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, if a state government is unable to function according to Constitutional provisions, the Union government can take direct control of the state machinery. Subsequently, executive authority is exercised through the centrally appointed governor, who has the authority to appoint other administrators to assist them. The administrators are usually nonpartisan retired civil servants not native to the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Comptroller and Auditor General of India</span> Comptroller and auditor general of India

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India is the supreme audit institution of India, established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India. They are empowered to audit all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the State Governments, including those of autonomous bodies and corporations substantially financed by the government. The CAG is also the statutory auditor of Government-owned corporations and conducts supplementary audit of government companies in which the government has an equity share of at least 51 percent or subsidiary companies of existing government companies. The CAG is also the statutory auditor of the Lokpal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Bihar</span> Indian State Government

Bihar Government is the state government of the Indian state of Bihar and its nine divisions which consist of districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Andhra Pradesh</span> Indian state government

The Government of Andhra Pradesh, abbreviated as GoAP, is the state government and the administrative body responsible for the governance of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Amaravati is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislature and head of judiciary.


The Government of Delhi, officially the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi is the governing body of India's National Capital Territory of Delhi, whose urban area is the seat of the Union Government. It also governs the city or local governments in the area as per the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.

State Governments of India are the governments ruling over the 28 states and 3 union territories of India with the head of Council of Ministers in every state being the Chief Minister. Power is divided between the Union government and the state governments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union territory</span> Form of administrative division in India

A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike the states of India, which have their own governments, union territories are federal territories governed, in part or in whole, by the Union Government of India. There are currently eight union territories in India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Delhi (NCT), Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep and Puducherry.

The Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir was the legal Constitution which established the framework for the state government of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The constitution was adopted on 17 November 1956, and came into effect on 26 January 1957. It was rendered infructuous on 5 August 2019 by an order signed by the President of India and ceased to be applicable on that date. It also included Ladakh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly</span> Unicameral legislature of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir

The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha, is the legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Following is a list of officials in the Indian government, along with their respective position or designation in the Indian order of precedence and the salaries and various allowances and emoluments given to them according to legislation.

References

  1. 1 2 "Constitution of India - Art. 163" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 72. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  2. ↑ "Lt. Governor - Andaman and Nicobar Islands". Andaman and Nicobar Administration, Govt. of India. 14 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  3. ↑ "Who is who? - Ladakh Administration". Ladakh Administration - Govt. of India. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  4. ↑ "Raj Bhawan - Govt. of J&K". Raj Bhawan - Govt. of J&K, India. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  5. ↑ "Lt. Governor of Delhi". The Lieutenant Governor of Delhi - Govt. of India. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  6. ↑ "Constitution of India - Art. 239AA" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 113. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  7. ↑ "LG Secretariat of Puducherry". LG Secretariat of Puducherry - Govt. of India. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  8. ↑ "Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India. Legislative Department, Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 102. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  9. 1 2 "Art. 155 - Constitution of India" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India. Legislative Dept, Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 101. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  10. ↑ "Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956" (PDF). E-Gazette - Govt. of India. 1956. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Article 156 - Term of office of Governor" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  12. ↑ "Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  13. ↑ "Constitution of India - Art. 159" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 71. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  14. ↑ Basu, Durga Das (2015). Introduction to the Constitution of India (22nd ed.). Gurgaon, Haryana, India: LexisNexis. p. 258. ISBN   978-93-5143-446-7.
  15. ↑ "Art. 154 - Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India. May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  17. 1 2 "Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 211. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  18. ↑ India, NIOS (2023). Political Science - Senior Secondary Course (PDF). Delhi, India: NIOS. p. 144.
  19. 1 2 "Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  20. ↑ "Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 109. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  21. ↑ "Article 243K - Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2023. p. 124. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  22. ↑ "Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 187. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  23. ↑ "Article 166 - Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 74. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  24. ↑ "Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities". Raj Bhavan, Gujarat. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  25. 1 2 "Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P." Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P. 15 June 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  26. 1 2 "Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 83. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  27. ↑ "The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969| National Portal of India". www.india.gov.in. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  28. ↑ "Article 333 - Constitution of India" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 191. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  29. ↑ "Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 78. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  30. ↑ "Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 80. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  31. ↑ "Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 80. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  32. ↑ "Article 202 - Annual financial statement" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 92. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  33. ↑ "Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 95. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  34. ↑ "Article 200 - Assent to Bills" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  35. ↑ T. Ramakrishnan (8 February 2022). "House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today". The Hindu . Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  36. ↑ "Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  37. ↑ "Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  38. ↑ "Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  39. ↑ "Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 72. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  40. ↑ "Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  41. ↑ "Article 233 - Appointment of district judges" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 108. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  42. ↑ "Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 208. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  43. ↑ "Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 72. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  44. ↑ "Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356" (PDF). Legislative Dept., Govt. of India. May 2022. p. 214. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  45. ↑ "Section 161 - The Finance Act, 2018" (PDF). E-gazette - Govt. of India. 29 March 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  46. 1 2 "Section 3 - Emoluments". India Code - Govt. of India. 1 January 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  47. ↑ "Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences". India Code - Govt. of India. 6 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  48. ↑ "Section 6 - Household establishment". India Code - Govt. of India. 6 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  49. ↑ "Section 4 - Leave allowance". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  50. ↑ "Section 8 - Conveyance". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  51. ↑ "Section 7 - Medical Treatment". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  52. ↑ "Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  53. ↑ "Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  54. ↑ "Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  55. ↑ "Section 12 - Additional expenses". India Code - Govt. of India. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  56. 1 2 "BP Singhal vs Union of India" (PDF). Supreme Court of India. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  57. ↑ Basu, Durga Das (2015). Introduction to the Constitution of India (22nd ed.). Gurgaon, Haryana, India: LexisNexis. p. 256. ISBN   978-93-5143-446-7.
  58. ↑ "Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr" (PDF). Supreme Court of India. 24 January 2006. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  59. 1 2 R. Jagannathan (18 June 2014). "Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  60. ↑ Rajesh Ramachandran (19 June 2014). "Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 22 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  61. ↑ "CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan". The Indian Express. 22 January 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  62. ↑ "VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo". The Times of India . 22 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  63. ↑ "Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan". Outlook. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  64. ↑ "VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General". Zee News. 27 June 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  65. ↑ Rahul Shrivastava (12 September 2016). "Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked". NDTV. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  66. ↑ Ashutosh (28 December 2016). "Najeeb Jung Operated as an Assassin of Democracy". NDTV (Opinion). Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.