L 98-59

Last updated
L 98-59
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Volans
Right ascension 08h 18m 07.62144s [1]
Declination −68° 18′ 46.8054″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.69±0.05 [2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Red dwarf (main sequence)
Spectral type M3V [3]
B−V colour index +1.53 [2]
R−I colour index +1.28 [2]
Variable type None
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−6.10±0.19 [1]  km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 94.794(18)  mas/yr [1]
Dec.: −340.084(20)  mas/yr [1]
Parallax (π)94.2664 ± 0.0155  mas [1]
Distance 34.599 ± 0.006  ly
(10.608 ± 0.002  pc)
Details [3]
Mass 0.273±0.030  M☉
Radius 0.303+0.026
−0.023  R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)0.01128±0.00042  L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.86±0.13  cgs
Temperature 3415±135  K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.46±0.26  dex
Rotation 80.9+5.0
−5.3  d
Age >800  Myr
Other designations
2MASS J08180763-6818468, TOI-175, TYC 9193-2365-1, Gaia DR2 5271055243163629056
Database references
SIMBAD data

L 98-59 (TOI-175, TIC 307210830) is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs (34.60 light-years ), as measured by the Gaia spacecraft. [4]

Contents

Broadband photometry shows that it is an M3 dwarf star with three confirmed terrestrial-sized planets in transit, which were announced in March 2019 by TESS, [5] as well as a fourth non-transiting planet and fifth candidate. [6]

In August 2021, new evidence was announced for a fifth, potentially habitable planet, labeled L 98-59 f. Though still unconfirmed, [6] this planet is believed to have 2.46 times Earth's mass, and an orbital period of 23.15 days. [7] [8]

Planetary system

The three inner planets of L 98-59 were discovered in 2019 by TESS. [5] The potential super-Venus planet L 98-59 e was discovered in 2021, along with potentially habitable (located in the middle of the habitable zone) super-Earth candidate L 98-59 f. [3] In September 2021, suggested tests of the abilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope to detect and describe the atmospheric features of the three inner planets were reported. [9]

The two innermost planets, L 98-59 b and c, as well as L 98-59 e are possibly hot rocky worlds. L 98-59 d has a low density, indicating large amounts of water, potentially making up as much as 30% of its entire mass. It may therefore be covered in a deep global ocean. [7] Hubble observations of the three transiting planets in 2022 have found no clear evidence of atmospheres, with high mean molecular weight atmospheres, cloudy or hazy atmospheres, or no atmospheres being consistent with the observed flat spectra. [10] [11] [12] One study found some evidence of an atmosphere on L 98-59 c, which has yet to be confirmed as of 2023. [13] Transmission spectroscopy by the JWST suggest that L 98-59 d might have a sulfur-rich atmosphere. [14]

Also, ExoFOP list of TESS candidates includes fourth transiter, TOI-175.04 - if confirmed, this sub-earth would be innermost in this system; due to low mass (lighter than L 98-59 b) and intense UV radiation, it probably lacks any kind of thick atmosphere.

The L 98-59 planetary system [3]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
g(unconfirmed)——1.048+0.002
−0.002		0—0.68+0.08
−0.05  R🜨
b 0.40+0.16
−0.15  M🜨 		0.02191+0.00080
−0.00084		2.2531136+0.0000012
−0.0000015		0.103+0.117
−0.045		87.71+1.16
−0.44 ° 		0.85+0.061
−0.047  R🜨
c2.22+0.26
−0.25  M🜨 		0.0304+0.0011
−0.0012		3.6906777+0.0000016
−0.0000026		0.103+0.045
−0.058		88.11+0.36
−0.16 ° 		1.385+0.095
−0.075  R🜨
d1.94±0.28  M🜨 0.0486+0.0018
−0.0019		7.4507245+0.0000081
−0.0000046		0.074+0.057
−0.046		88.449+0.058
−0.111 ° 		1.521+0.119
−0.098  R🜨
e≥3.06+0.33
−0.37  M🜨 		0.0717+0.0060
−0.0048		12.796+0.020
−0.019		0.128+0.108
−0.076		——
f(unconfirmed)≥2.46+0.66
−0.82 M🜨 		0.1034+0.0042
−0.0044		23.15+0.60
−0.17		0.21+0.17
−0.11		——
Artist's impression of the L 98-59 system, compared to the inner Solar System. Distances are not to scale. Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System.jpg
Artist's impression of the L 98-59 system, compared to the inner Solar System. Distances are not to scale.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-700 d</span> Goldilocks terrestrial planet orbiting TOI-700

TOI-700 d is a near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the red dwarf TOI-700, the outermost planet within the system. It is located roughly 101.4 light-years (31.1 pc) away from Earth in the constellation of Dorado. The exoplanet is the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LTT 1445</span> Star system in the constellation Eridanus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">V1298 Tauri</span> Star in the constellation Taurus

V1298 Tauri is a young weakly-lined T Tauri star that is part of the Taurus-Auriga association in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. Alternatively it is part of a proposed moving group, called Group 29 that is slightly older. The system has four transiting exoplanets, discovered with the Kepler space telescope in the K2 mission. One of the planets was discovered in August 2019 and the other three were discovered in November 2019 by the same team.

WASP-29 is a binary star system 285 light-years away in the constellation of Phoenix. The primary star is a K-type main-sequence star. Its comoving companion, a red dwarf star, was discovered in 2021. The star system kinematically belongs to the thin disk of the Milky Way. The primary is an old star with small starspot activity and low x-ray flux.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">L 98-59 b</span> Terrestrial planet orbiting L 98-59

L 98-59 b is an exoplanet having a size between that of the Earth and Mars and a mass only half that of Venus. It orbits L 98-59, a red dwarf 35 light-years away in the constellation Volans. There are at least 3 other planets in the system: L 98-59 c, d, e, and the unconfirmed L 98-59 f. Its discovery was announced on 27 June 2019 on the NASA website. It was the smallest planet discovered by TESS until the discovery of LHS 1678b, and was the lowest-mass planet whose mass has been measured using radial velocities until Proxima Centauri d was found in 2022.

TOI-270, also known as L 231-32, is a red dwarf star 73.3 light-years away in the constellation Pictor. It has about 39% the mass and 38% the radius of the Sun, and a temperature of about 3,506 K. TOI-270 hosts a system of three known exoplanets.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 Zacharias, N.; Finch, C. T.; Girard, T. M.; Henden, A.; Bartlett, J. L.; Monet, D. G.; Zacharias, M. I. (1 February 2013). "The Fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (2): 44. arXiv: 1212.6182 . Bibcode:2013AJ....145...44Z. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/2/44. ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   119299381.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Demangeon, Oliver D. S.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Alibert, Y.; Barros, S. C. C.; Adibekyan, V.; Tabernero, H. M.; et al. (July 2021). "A warm terrestrial planet with half the mass of Venus transiting a nearby star" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 653: 38. arXiv: 2108.03323 . Bibcode:2021A&A...653A..41D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140728. S2CID   236957385.
  4. ↑ Cloutier, R.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Bonfils, X.; Jenkins, J. S.; Berdiñas, Z.; Ricker, G.; Vanderspek, R.; Latham, D. W.; Seager, S.; Winn, J.; Jenkins, J. M. (2019-09-01). "Characterization of the L 98-59 multi-planetary system with HARPS - Mass characterization of a hot super-Earth, a sub-Neptune, and a mass upper limit on the third planet". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 629: A111. arXiv: 1905.10669 . Bibcode:2019A&A...629A.111C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935957. hdl: 1721.1/125703 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   166228063.
  5. 1 2 Kostov, Veselin B.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V.; Colon, Knicole D.; Brande, Jonathan; Collins, Karen A.; Feinstein, Adina D.; Hadden, Samuel; Kane, Stephen R.; Kreidberg, Laura (2019-06-27). "The L 98-59 System: Three Transiting, Terrestrial-Sized Planets Orbiting a Nearby M-dwarf". The Astronomical Journal . 158 (1): 32. arXiv: 1903.08017 . Bibcode:2019AJ....158...32K. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab2459 . hdl: 1721.1/124742 . ISSN   1538-3881. S2CID   118855908.
  6. 1 2 "Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System". European Southern Observatory . Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  7. 1 2 "EarthSky | An inner solar system much like ours, 35 light-years away". Earth & Sky . 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  8. ↑ "New ESO observations show rocky exoplanet has just half the mass of Venus". European Southern Observatory. 5 August 2021. eso2112. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  9. ↑ Pidhorodetska, Daria; et al. (29 September 2021). "L 98-59: A Benchmark System of Small Planets for Future Atmospheric Characterization". The Astronomical Journal . 162 (4): 169. arXiv: 2106.00685 . Bibcode:2021AJ....162..169P. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac1171 . S2CID   235293792.
  10. ↑ Damiano, Mario; Hu, Renyu; et al. (November 2022). "A Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Earth Planet L98-59 b in 1.1-1.7 μm". The Astronomical Journal . 164 (5): 225. arXiv: 2210.10008 . Bibcode:2022AJ....164..225D. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac9472 .
  11. ↑ Zhou, Li; Ma, Bo; et al. (November 2022). "Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Rocky Planet L 98-59 b: No Evidence for a Cloud-free Primordial Atmosphere". The Astronomical Journal . 164 (5): 203. arXiv: 2210.10699 . Bibcode:2022AJ....164..203Z. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac8fe9 .
  12. ↑ Zhou, Li; Ma, Bo; et al. (February 2023). "Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L 98-59 c and d: No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics . 23 (2): 025011. arXiv: 2212.09526 . Bibcode:2023RAA....23b5011Z. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acaceb. S2CID   254854167.
  13. ↑ Barclay, Thomas; et al. (2023), The transmission spectrum of the potentially rocky planet L 98-59 c, arXiv: 2301.10866
  14. ↑ Gressier, Amélie; Espinoza, Néstor; Allen, Natalie H.; Sing, David K.; Banerjee, Agnibha; Barstow, Joanna K.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Birkmann, Stephan M. (2024-08-28), Hints of a sulfur-rich atmosphere around the 1.6 R🜨 Super-Earth L98-59 d from JWST NIRSpec G395H transmission spectroscopy, arXiv: 2408.15855 , doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad73d1
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