L 98-59

Last updated
L 98-59
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Volans
Right ascension 08h 18m 07.62144s [1]
Declination −68° 18′ 46.8054″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.69±0.05 [2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Red dwarf (main sequence)
Spectral type M3V [3]
B−V colour index +1.53 [2]
R−I colour index +1.28 [2]
Variable type None
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−6.10±0.19 [1] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: 94.794(18) mas/yr [1]
Dec.: −340.084(20) mas/yr [1]
Parallax (π)94.2664±0.0155  mas [1]
Distance 34.599 ± 0.006  ly
(10.608 ± 0.002  pc)
Details [4]
Mass 0.2923±0.0067  M☉
Radius 0.3155±0.0062  R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)0.0122±0.0010  L☉
Habitable zone inner limit0.090 au
Habitable zone outer limit0.237 au
Surface gravity (log g)4.91±0.02  cgs
Temperature 3415±60 [3]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.46±0.26 [3]   dex
Rotation 77.5±1.6 days
Age >800 [3]   Myr
Other designations
L 98-59, NLTT 19357, TOI-175, TIC 307210830, TYC 9193-2365-1, 2MASS J08180763-6818468 [5]
Database references
SIMBAD data
Exoplanet Archive data
The system as illustrated by NASA

L 98-59 (TOI-175, TIC 307210830) is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs (34.60 light-years ), as measured by the Gaia spacecraft. [6]

Contents

Broadband photometry shows that it is an M3 dwarf star with three confirmed terrestrial-sized planets in transit, which were announced in March 2019 by TESS, [7] as well as two additional non-transiting planets, for a total of five known planets. The outermost planet is in the habitable zone. [8]

Planetary system

The planets b, c, and d of L 98-59 were discovered in 2019 by TESS. [7] The potential super-Venus planet L 98-59 e was discovered in 2021, along with potentially habitable super-Earth L 98-59 f. [3] [9] In September 2021, suggested tests of the abilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope to detect and describe the atmospheric features of the three inner planets were reported. [10] Planet f was confirmed in 2025, along with the detection of an additional planet candidate. [8]

The two innermost confirmed planets, L 98-59 b and c, as well as L 98-59 e are possibly hot rocky worlds. L 98-59 d has a low density, indicating large amounts of water, potentially making up as much as 30% of its entire mass. It may therefore be covered in a deep global ocean. [11] Hubble observations of the three transiting planets in 2022 have found no clear evidence of atmospheres, with high mean molecular weight atmospheres, cloudy or hazy atmospheres, or no atmospheres all being consistent with the observed flat spectra. [12] [13] [14] One study found some evidence of an atmosphere on L 98-59 c, which has yet to be confirmed as of 2023. [15] Transmission spectroscopy by the JWST suggest that L 98-59 d might have a atmosphere rich in sulfur-compounds. [16]

The L 98-59 planetary system [4]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
.06 [8] (unconfirmed)≥0.58±0.12 M🜨 0.0188±0.00041.7361+0.0007
−0.0008		0.027+0.040
−0.020		——
b 0.46±0.11  M🜨 0.0223±0.00072.2531140(4)0.031+0.017
−0.016		88.08+0.23
−0.20 ° 		0.837±0.019  R🜨
c2.00±0.13  M🜨 0.0309±0.00103.6906764(4)0.002+0.002
−0.001		88.88+0.21
−0.17 ° 		1.329±0.029  R🜨
d1.64±0.07  M🜨 0.0494±0.00167.450729(2)0.006+0.007
−0.004		88.44±0.05 ° 1.627±0.041  R🜨
e≥2.82±0.19  M🜨 0.0712±0.002212.8278±0.00180.012+0.009
−0.008		80–88.82° —
f≥2.8±0.3  M🜨 0.1052±0.003323.064±0.0550.044+0.027
−0.028		74–89.20° —
Artist's impression of the L 98-59 system, compared to the inner Solar System. Distances are not to scale. Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System.jpg
Artist's impression of the L 98-59 system, compared to the inner Solar System. Distances are not to scale.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 Zacharias, N.; Finch, C. T.; Girard, T. M.; Henden, A.; Bartlett, J. L.; Monet, D. G.; Zacharias, M. I. (1 February 2013). "The Fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (2): 44. arXiv: 1212.6182 . Bibcode:2013AJ....145...44Z. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/2/44. ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   119299381.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Demangeon, Oliver D. S.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Alibert, Y.; Barros, S. C. C.; Adibekyan, V.; Tabernero, H. M.; et al. (July 2021). "A warm terrestrial planet with half the mass of Venus transiting a nearby star" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 653: 38. arXiv: 2108.03323 . Bibcode:2021A&A...653A..41D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140728. S2CID   236957385.
  4. 1 2 Cadieux, Charles; L'Heureux, Alexandrine; Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline; Doyon, René; Artigau, Étienne; Cook, Neil J.; Coulombe, Louis-Philippe; Roy, Pierre-Alexis; Lafrenière, David; Lamontagne, Pierrot; Radica, Michael; Benneke, Björn; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Weisserman, Drew; Cloutier, Ryan (2025). "Detailed Architecture of the L 98-59 System and Confirmation of a Fifth Planet in the Habitable Zone". arXiv: 2507.09343 [astro-ph.EP].
  5. ↑ "L 98-59". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 23 March 2025.
  6. ↑ Cloutier, R.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Bonfils, X.; Jenkins, J. S.; Berdiñas, Z.; Ricker, G.; Vanderspek, R.; Latham, D. W.; Seager, S.; Winn, J.; Jenkins, J. M. (2019-09-01). "Characterization of the L 98-59 multi-planetary system with HARPS - Mass characterization of a hot super-Earth, a sub-Neptune, and a mass upper limit on the third planet". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 629: A111. arXiv: 1905.10669 . Bibcode:2019A&A...629A.111C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935957. hdl: 1721.1/125703 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   166228063.
  7. 1 2 Kostov, Veselin B.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V.; Colon, Knicole D.; Brande, Jonathan; Collins, Karen A.; Feinstein, Adina D.; Hadden, Samuel; Kane, Stephen R.; Kreidberg, Laura (2019-06-27). "The L 98-59 System: Three Transiting, Terrestrial-Sized Planets Orbiting a Nearby M-dwarf". The Astronomical Journal . 158 (1): 32. arXiv: 1903.08017 . Bibcode:2019AJ....158...32K. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab2459 . hdl: 1721.1/124742 . ISSN   1538-3881. S2CID   118855908.
  8. 1 2 3 Schwarz, Paul; Dreizler, Stefan; Heller, René (2025-07-08). "Confirmation of a non-transiting planet in the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf L 98-59". arXiv: 2507.06413 [astro-ph.EP].
  9. ↑ "New ESO observations show rocky exoplanet has just half the mass of Venus". European Southern Observatory. 5 August 2021. eso2112. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  10. ↑ Pidhorodetska, Daria; et al. (29 September 2021). "L 98-59: A Benchmark System of Small Planets for Future Atmospheric Characterization". The Astronomical Journal . 162 (4): 169. arXiv: 2106.00685 . Bibcode:2021AJ....162..169P. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac1171 . S2CID   235293792.
  11. ↑ "EarthSky | An inner solar system much like ours, 35 light-years away". Earth & Sky . 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
  12. ↑ Damiano, Mario; Hu, Renyu; et al. (November 2022). "A Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Earth Planet L98-59 b in 1.1-1.7 μm". The Astronomical Journal . 164 (5): 225. arXiv: 2210.10008 . Bibcode:2022AJ....164..225D. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac9472 .
  13. ↑ Zhou, Li; Ma, Bo; et al. (November 2022). "Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Rocky Planet L 98-59 b: No Evidence for a Cloud-free Primordial Atmosphere". The Astronomical Journal . 164 (5): 203. arXiv: 2210.10699 . Bibcode:2022AJ....164..203Z. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac8fe9 .
  14. ↑ Zhou, Li; Ma, Bo; et al. (February 2023). "Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Terrestrial Planets L 98-59 c and d: No Evidence for a Clear Hydrogen Dominated Primary Atmosphere". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics . 23 (2): 025011. arXiv: 2212.09526 . Bibcode:2023RAA....23b5011Z. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/acaceb. S2CID   254854167.
  15. ↑ Barclay, Thomas; et al. (2023), "The transmission spectrum of the potentially rocky planet L 98-59 c", The Astronomical Journal, 169 (5): 241, arXiv: 2301.10866 , Bibcode:2025AJ....169..241B, doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ada5f6
  16. ↑ Gressier, Amélie; Espinoza, Néstor; Allen, Natalie H.; Sing, David K.; Banerjee, Agnibha; Barstow, Joanna K.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Birkmann, Stephan M.; Challener, Ryan C.; Manjavacas, Elena; Alves de Oliveira, Catarina; Crouzet, Nicolas; Beck, Tracy. L (2024-11-01). "Hints of a Sulfur-rich Atmosphere around the 1.6 R ⊕ Super-Earth L98-59 d from JWST NIRspec G395H Transmission Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 975 (1): L10. arXiv: 2408.15855 . Bibcode:2024ApJ...975L..10G. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad73d1 . ISSN   2041-8205.
  17. ↑ "Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System". European Southern Observatory . Retrieved 2021-08-07.
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