Lake County, Ohio

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Lake County
County
Lake County Courthouse.jpg
Lake County Courthouse
Flag of Lake County, Ohio.png
Flag
Seal of Lake County Ohio.svg
Seal
Lake County, Ohio logo.png
Logo
Map of Ohio highlighting Lake County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Ohio in United States.svg
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°49′N81°14′W / 41.82°N 81.24°W / 41.82; -81.24
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Ohio.svg  Ohio
FoundedMarch 6, 1840 [1]
Named for Lake Erie
Seat Painesville
Largest city Mentor
Area
 • Total979 sq mi (2,540 km2)
 • Land227 sq mi (590 km2)
 • Water752 sq mi (1,950 km2)  77%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total232,603
 • Estimate 
(2023)
231,640 Decrease2.svg
 • Density240/sq mi (92/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district 14th
Website www.lakecountyohio.gov

Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 232,603. [2] Its county seat is Painesville, and its largest city is Mentor.

Contents

The county was established on March 6, 1840, from land given by Cuyahoga and Geauga counties. Its name is derived from its location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the fact that the majority of the county’s land lies beneath Lake Erie. [3] [4] Lake County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The land that became Lake County was home to the indigenous Erie people prior to the arrival of the French in the region during the early 1600s and was considered by the French to be part of their Colony of New France. After France's defeat in the Seven Years' War in 1763, France ceded the area to Great Britain, and the area became part of the Province of Quebec through the Quebec Act of 1774. Following the American Revolutionary War, it became part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory, then was purchased by the Connecticut Land Company in 1795. It was separated out of Geauga County in March 1840.

Although today the county is mostly suburban, Lake County was once known as a rural country retreat for wealthy Cleveland residents. During the early 1900s, many wealthy families in Cleveland maintained large estates in the county for use as their summer homes. [5] [6] [7]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 979 square miles (2,540 km2), of which 227 square miles (590 km2) is land and 752 square miles (1,950 km2) (77%) is water. [8] It is Ohio's smallest county by land area but the third-largest by total area, with said area owing to land beneath the lake (which is owned by the county).

The county’s coast line along Lake Erie spans 31 miles. Additionally, Lake County has an international border with Ontario (across Lake Erie).

Adjacent counties

Physical geography

Ridges on the Lake Plain physiographic region, and on which some roads are laid, are beaches formed by the various glacial lakes which occurred as the glaciers receded. [9] Lake Maumee was the highest glacial lake at about 760 feet, and left Maumee II beach. Whittlesey beach, formed by Lake Whittlesey at 740 feet, is known as South Ridge. Arkona beach (Lake Arkona) is Middle Ridge, and occurs at about 690 feet. North Ridge is the remnant of Warren beach (Lake Warren), at an elevation of 685 feet. Elkton beach is the northernmost ridge, at 625 feet, an occurred at the time of Lake Elkton. Lake Shore Boulevard follows Elkton beach in Mentor Township.

Mentor Marsh, an abandoned channel of the Grand River, is an Ohio State Nature Preserve. [10]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1840 13,719—
1850 14,6546.8%
1860 15,5766.3%
1870 15,9352.3%
1880 16,3262.5%
1890 18,23511.7%
1900 21,68018.9%
1910 22,9275.8%
1920 28,66725.0%
1930 41,67445.4%
1940 50,02020.0%
1950 75,97951.9%
1960 148,70095.7%
1970 197,20032.6%
1980 212,8017.9%
1990 215,4991.3%
2000 227,5115.6%
2010 230,0411.1%
2020 232,6031.1%
2023 (est.)231,640 [11] −0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [12]
1790-1960 [13] 1900-1990 [14]
1990-2000 [15] 2010-2020 [2]

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Lake County had 232,603 people living in 105,315 households. The racial makeup of the county was 84.7% white (not Hispanic or Latino), 4.7% black or African American, 1.4% Asian, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.4% from other races, and 5.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 5.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.0% were German, 18.0% were Irish, 15.3% were Italian, 9.8% were English, and 6.8% were Polish.

33.0% of the adult population has a Bachelor's Degree or higher, slightly above the 32.0% rate for Ohio as a whole. [16]

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 230,041 people, 94,156 households, and 62,384 families residing in the county. [17] The population density was 1,011.2 inhabitants per square mile (390.4/km2). There were 101,202 housing units at an average density of 444.9 units per square mile (171.8 units/km2). [18] The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 3.2% black or African American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% American Indian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.4% of the population. [17] In terms of ancestry, 26.4% were German, 18.9% were Irish, 16.4% were Italian, 11.5% were English, 7.6% were Polish, 5.4% were Hungarian, and 3.9% were American. [19]

Of the 94,156 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.7% were non-families, and 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 42.3 years. [17]

The median income for a household in the county was $54,896 and the median income for a family was $67,206. Males had a median income of $49,240 versus $36,906 for females. The per capita income for the county was $28,221. About 6.0% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over. [20]

In 2010, 92.4% spoke English, 2.7% Spanish, and 1.4% Croatian. [21]

Environment

Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light, Fairport Harbor viewed from the Headlands Dunes State Nature Preserve Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light.jpg
Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light, Fairport Harbor viewed from the Headlands Dunes State Nature Preserve

Scorecard’s 2002 [22] report ranks Lake County among the worst 10% of counties in the U.S. in terms of cancer risk, developmental and reproductive toxicants, and other categories as well. This rating is comparable with most major cities and densely populated areas. In 2004, Scorecard [22] ranked the county among the cleanest or best 10% of all counties in the U.S. in terms of the number of designated Superfund sites.

Lake County has a large public park system, including Lake Metroparks Farmpark. Kirtland is home to the Holden Arboretum and Gildersleeve Mountain. Headlands Beach State Park is in Mentor. The Grand River is a state wild and scenic river, and the Chagrin River is a state scenic river.

Transportation

Laketran is the transit agency that serves Lake County, providing bus service throughout the county and to downtown Cleveland. It is the third-largest transit system in Northeast Ohio. [23] In 2023, the system had a ridership of 629,500, or about 2,300 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2024.

Lake County Executive Airport, formerly known as Lost Nation Airport, is a public use airport located in Willoughby.

Interstate 90 runs northeast–southwest through Lake County, roughly parallel to State Route 2; along with the north–south State Route 44 connects the two together. These freeways make up the major traffic arteries in the county.

Lake County does not have passenger rail service, though Amtrak's New York City-Chicago Lake Shore Limited service schedules an eastbound and westbound train through Lake County nightly with stops at Cleveland and Erie. CSX and Norfolk Southern provide railroad main line through-freight service. The recently formed Grand River Railroad, operating on former Baltimore & Ohio track, serves the Fairport Harbor area linking the Morton Salt plant with CSX at Painesville.

Major highways

Education

Post-secondary institutions

Public schools

The following public school districts are located in Lake County: [24]

Private schools

Libraries

The following libraries serve Lake County:

Additionally, as of 2019, all Lake County libraries are all CLEVNET members.

Media

Lake County is part of the Cleveland-area media and television market.

The News-Herald , a Lake County newspaper, has been headquartered in Willoughby since its inception.

Government

Lake County leans strongly Republican in local elections. As of 2024, all but one county-wide elected officials are Republicans. [25]

Lake County Elected Officials
PositionNameParty
CommissionerJohn Plecnik Republican
CommissionerRichard Regovich Republican
CommissionerJohn Hamercheck Republican
AuditorChristopher Galloway Republican
Prosecuting AttorneyCharles Coulson Republican
Clerk of CourtsFaith Andrews Republican
SheriffFrank Leonbruno Republican
RecorderBecky Lynch Republican
TreasurerMichael Zuren Republican
EngineerJames Gills Republican
CoronerDavid Keep Republican
Lake County Judges
PositionNameParty
Common Pleas - GeneralPatrick Condon Republican
Common Pleas - GeneralVincent Culotta Republican
Common Pleas - GeneralJeffrey Ruple Republican
Common Pleas - GeneralJohn O'Donnell Republican
Domestic Relations DivisionColleen Falkowski Democrat
Juvenile DivisionMichael DeLeone Republican
Probate DivisionMark Bartolotta Republican

Politics

Lake County has traditionally been known as a "purple" or "swing" county within the state. A 2008 analysis of Ohio presidential election results from 1960 to 2004 found no other county more closely followed Ohio's statewide voting pattern. [26] Although it did not always vote with the winner, it had consistently been closer to the winner's Ohio vote percentage than any other Ohio county. More recently, however, the county has trended more strongly Republican than the state as a whole. For example, in 2020 Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump won the county by nearly a fourteen point margin while winning the state as a whole by only eight points.

United States presidential election results for Lake County, Ohio [27]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
2024 71,62256.43%53,58642.22%1,7241.36%
2020 73,27856.03%55,51442.45%1,9901.52%
2016 64,25554.83%46,39739.59%6,5385.58%
2012 58,74449.50%57,68048.61%2,2411.89%
2008 59,14248.62%60,15549.45%2,3451.93%
2004 62,19351.05%59,04948.47%5810.48%
2000 51,74750.45%46,49745.33%4,3204.21%
1996 40,97441.92%43,18644.19%13,57613.89%
1992 40,76638.46%37,68235.55%27,54225.99%
1988 52,96356.63%39,66742.41%8940.96%
1984 54,58759.12%36,71139.76%1,0271.11%
1980 43,48550.31%35,24640.78%7,6978.91%
1976 36,39045.83%40,73451.30%2,2842.88%
1972 42,48858.90%27,52338.15%2,1302.95%
1968 28,45043.40%27,93242.61%9,17714.00%
1964 23,28237.65%38,55262.35%00.00%
1960 32,03848.94%33,42551.06%00.00%
1956 31,01761.14%19,71838.86%00.00%
1952 23,48360.48%15,34639.52%00.00%
1948 12,97353.81%10,84444.98%2911.21%
1944 13,69751.86%12,71348.14%00.00%
1940 13,46452.04%12,40847.96%00.00%
1936 9,38643.24%11,21351.66%1,1085.10%
1932 11,79261.43%6,80135.43%6033.14%
1928 11,82374.24%4,02425.27%790.50%
1924 7,72770.71%9748.91%2,22620.37%
1920 7,46572.31%2,71126.26%1471.42%
1916 2,88751.39%2,59646.21%1352.40%
1912 1,15522.91%1,42928.34%2,45848.75%
1908 3,63566.97%1,60529.57%1883.46%
1904 3,82476.42%87117.41%3096.18%
1900 3,92968.41%1,73330.18%811.41%
1896 3,74568.40%1,68230.72%480.88%
1892 2,84667.46%1,15827.45%2155.10%
1888 2,98768.37%1,15726.48%2255.15%
1884 2,92569.64%1,12026.67%1553.69%
1880 2,97871.06%1,10426.34%1092.60%
1876 2,94171.28%1,14127.65%441.07%
1872 2,75173.56%97926.18%100.27%
1868 2,90976.59%88923.41%00.00%
1864 2,78782.63%58617.37%00.00%
1860 2,52177.74%62219.18%1003.08%
1856 2,37178.04%62820.67%391.28%

Communities

Map of Lake County, Ohio with Municipal and Township Labels Map of Lake County Ohio With Municipal and Township Labels.PNG
Map of Lake County, Ohio with Municipal and Township Labels

Cities

Villages

Townships

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

Points of Interest

Holden Arboretum, one of the largest arboreta and botanical gardens in the United States, is located in Kirtland.

The James A. Garfield National Historic Site is located in Mentor. The site preserves the Lawnfield estate and surrounding property of James A. Garfield, the 20th president of the United States, and includes the first presidential library established in the United States.

Kirtland Temple, the first temple built by adherents of the Latter Day Saint movement, is located in Kirtland. Kirtland, which served as the headquarters for the Latter Day Saint movement during most of the 1830s, [28] also hosts the nearby Historic Kirtland Village, which is owned and operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and is made up of historic buildings and sites important to the early Latter Day Saint movement.

Several other historic churches are located in the county, including the Methodist Episcopal Church of Painesville, Old South Church in Kirtland, St. James Episcopal Church in Painesville, and the South LeRoy Meetinghouse in Leroy Township.

A portion of the Grand River Valley American Viticultural Area is located in the eastern half of the county.

Squire's Castle is located within the North Chagrin Reservation of the Cleveland Metroparks in Willoughby Hills.

Classic Park, the home field of the Lake County Captains, a Class A minor league baseball team affiliated with the Cleveland Guardians, is located in Eastlake.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastlake, Ohio</span> City in Ohio, United States

Eastlake is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. It takes its name from its location northeast of Cleveland, following along the shore of Lake Erie. The population was 17,670 at the 2020 census. The 2003 North America blackout stemmed from an Eastlake generating station going offline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painesville, Ohio</span> City in Ohio, United States

Painesville is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Ohio, United States, located along the Grand River. It is a northeast suburb of Cleveland. Its population was 20,312 at the 2020 census. Painesville is included in the Greater Cleveland metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willoughby, Ohio</span> City in Ohio, United States

Willoughby is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, along the Chagrin River. The population was 23,959 at the time of the 2020 census. A suburb of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willoughby Hills, Ohio</span> City in Ohio, United States

Willoughby Hills is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, along the Chagrin River. The population was 10,019 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willowick, Ohio</span> City in Ohio, United States

Willowick is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, on Lake Erie. The population was 14,204 at the 2020 census. A suburb of Cleveland, Willowick is served by a branch of the Willoughby-Eastlake Public Library. The city's name is a portmanteau of two adjacent cities, Willoughby and Wickliffe. As of 2022, the mayor of Willowick is Michael Vanni.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Cleveland</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in United States

The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio, United States. According to the 2020 census results, the six-county Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Ashtabula County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,185,825, making it the 33rd-most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the third largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The metro area is also part of the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area with a population of over 3.7 million people, the most populous statistical area in Ohio and the 17th most populous in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northeast Ohio</span> Place in Ohio, United States

Northeast Ohio is a geographic and cultural region that comprises the northeastern counties of the U.S. state of Ohio. Definitions of the region consist of 16 to 23 counties between the southern shore of Lake Erie and the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, home to over 4.5 million people. It is anchored by the metropolitan area of Cleveland, the most populous city in the region with over 372,000 residents in 2020. Other metropolitan centers include Akron, Canton, Mansfield, Sandusky, and Youngstown. Northeast Ohio includes most of the area known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.

Laketran is the transit agency that serves Lake County, Ohio, the county northeast of Cleveland. It is the third-largest transit system in Northeast Ohio, serving Mentor, Painesville, Willoughby, Wickliffe. Eastlake, Fairport Harbor, Madison and other Lake County destinations. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 629,500, or about 2,300 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Headlands Beach State Park</span> Park in Ohio, US

Headlands Beach State Park is a public beach in Mentor and Painesville Township, Ohio, United States. It is the longest natural beach in Ohio and attracts two million visitors annually. The breakwall at the eastern end of the park, frequented by fishermen, is surmounted by the Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Light. The park features a 35-acre beach for sunbathing, swimming, and beach glass hunting along with picnicking facilities and seasonal concessionaire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Concord Township, Lake County, Ohio</span> Township in Ohio, United States

Concord Township is one of the five townships of Lake County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,254. Lake County is part of the Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painesville Township, Lake County, Ohio</span> Township in Ohio, United States

Painesville Township is one of the five townships of Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 20,453 at the 2020 census. It is a part of Greater Cleveland in the Northeast Ohio Region, and is included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, Ohio combined statistical area in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perry Township, Lake County, Ohio</span> Township in Ohio, United States

Perry Township is one of the five townships of Lake County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 8,862.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakeland Freeway</span>

The Lakeland Freeway is a limited-access freeway in the northeastern suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio. It runs with and parallel to Interstate 90, and follows the shore of Lake Erie, linking the suburban areas of Lake County to Cleveland and Cuyahoga County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamie Callender</span> American politician

Jamie Callender is an American lawyer and college professor who has served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives since 2019. He represents the 57th district which includes the Lake County communities of Concord Township, Kirtland, Kirtland Hills, LeRoy Township, Madison, Madison Township, North Perry, Perry, Perry Township, Waite Hill, Willoughby Hills, as well as most of both Mentor and Painesville Township. He currently is Chairman of Public Utilities and Finance, as well as serving on Civil Justice, Joint Education Oversight Committee, Rules and Reference Ohio House Committees.

Kenny Yuko is an American politician and union activist who served as a member of the Ohio Senate, representing the 25th District. Previously, he was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 7th District from 2005 to 2012. Yuko was a political and union activist for more than two decades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Route 20 in Ohio</span> Section of U.S. Highway in Ohio

U.S. Route 20 (US 20) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs from Newport, Oregon, to Boston, Massachusetts. Within the state of Ohio, the route runs from the Indiana border near Edon to the Pennsylvania border at Conneaut. The route passes through rural areas west of Toledo and passes through Public Square in Cleveland. It is one of nine other routes to enter Downtown Cleveland at Public Square, and it serves some of Cleveland's northeastern suburbs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Academy</span> High school in the United States

The Lake Academy Alternative School was a public alternative high school located in Willoughby, Ohio in Lake County. It was founded in 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Rogers (Ohio politician)</span> American politician

John M. Rogers is a former Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 60th District which includes the Lake County communities of Eastlake, Fairport Harbor, Grand River, Lakeline, Mentor-on-the-Lake, Painesville, Timberlake, Wickliffe, Willoughby, Willowick, as well as parts of both Mentor and Painesville Township. He was first elected in 2012.

This is a list of high school athletic conferences in the Northeast Region of Ohio, as defined by the OHSAA. Because the names of localities and their corresponding high schools do not always match and because there is often a possibility of ambiguity with respect to either the name of a locality or the name of a high school, the following table gives both in every case, with the locality name first, in plain type, and the high school name second in boldface type. The school's team nickname is given last.

The Western Reserve Conference is an OHSAA athletics conference that began with the 2015-16 school year. The name is resurrected from three previous incarnations that most recently folded in 2007 when the Northeast Ohio Conference was created.

References

  1. ↑ "Ohio County Profiles: Lake County" (PDF). Ohio Department of Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2004. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  2. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  3. ↑ "Lake County data". Ohio State University Extension Data Center. Retrieved April 28, 2007.[ dead link ]
  4. ↑ summertorok (March 9, 2023). "Lake County Commissioners Celebrate Lake County's 183rd Birthday". Commissioners' Office. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
  5. ↑ Lowe, J. W. (1918). Willoughby Republican.{{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ↑ Barrow, Jack (August 12, 1923). "Olden time custom of naming one's home is popular in this vicinity". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 53. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  7. ↑ Barrow, Jack (July 14, 1929). "Ingenious Are the Ways in Which Society Names Its Country Residences". The Cleveland Plain Dealer. p. 48. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  8. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  9. ↑ White, George W. (1980). Glacial Geology of Lake County, Ohio (PDF). Columbus, Ohio: State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Geological Survey. p. 8.
  10. ↑ "Mentor Marsh State Nature Preserve". State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  11. ↑ "QuickFacts Lake County, Ohio; United States" . Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  12. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  14. ↑ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  15. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  17. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  19. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  20. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  21. ↑ "Data Center Results". Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
  22. 1 2 "scorecard.org". Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Transportation choices". EcoCity Cleveland. April 18, 2007. Retrieved April 18, 2007.
  24. ↑ https://www.lakecountyohio.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/School_Districts.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  25. ↑ https://lookup.boe.ohio.gov/vtrapp/lake/cnm.aspx [ bare URL ]
  26. ↑ Exner, Rich (August 19, 2008). "Ohio's presidential election bellwether: Lake County". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  27. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Historic Kirtland Visitors' Center". The Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints. Retrieved August 24, 2017.

41°49′N81°14′W / 41.82°N 81.24°W / 41.82; -81.24

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