List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

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Leaders of states in the U.S. which have significant mineral deposits often create a state mineral, rock, stone or gemstone to promote interest in their natural resources, history, tourism, etc. Not every state has an official state mineral, rock, stone and/or gemstone, however.

Contents

In the chart below, a year which is listed within parentheses represents the year during which that mineral, rock, stone or gemstone was officially adopted as a state symbol or emblem.

Table of minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

State, federal district, territoryMineralRock or stoneGemstone
Alabama [1]
Alaska [2] [3]  
Arizona [4] [5] [6] [7]
Arkansas [8] [9] [10]
California [A] [11] [12]
Colorado [B] [13]
Connecticut [14]  
Delaware [15] [16]
Florida [C] [17]
Georgia [18]
Hawaiʻi [19] [20]
Idaho [21]
Illinois [22]
Indiana [24]
Iowa [25] [26]
Kansas [27] [28] [29]
Kentucky [31]
Louisiana [32] [33]
Maine [34] [35] [36]
Maryland [37]
Massachusetts [D] [38]
Michigan [39]
Minnesota [40]
Mississippi [41] [42]
Missouri [43]
Montana [44]
Nebraska [45]
Nevada [46] [47]
New Hampshire [48]
New Jersey [49] Franklinite [50]
New Mexico [51]
New York [52]
North Carolina [53]
North Dakota [54]
Ohio [55]
Oklahoma [56] [57] [58]  
Oregon [E] [59] [60] State Twin Minerals:
Pennsylvania [61]
Rhode Island [62]
South Carolina [63]
South Dakota [64] [65]
Tennessee [66]
Texas [67]
Utah [68]
Vermont [69] [70] [71]
Virginia [72] [73]
Washington [74]
West Virginia [F] [75]
Wisconsin [77]
Wyoming [78]

See also

Endnotes

  1. ^ In 1965, California became the first state to name an official state rock. A 2010 effort led by State Senator Gloria J. Romero, a Democrat from Los Angeles, sought to remove serpentine from its perch as the state's official stone. Organizations such as the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization have supported the move as the olive green rock is a source of chrysotile, a form of asbestos that can cause mesothelioma and other forms of cancer. Geologists have rallied to oppose the bill, arguing that there is no way to be harmed from casual exposure to serpentine. [79] The bill did not reach a final vote and died in committee at the end of August 2010. In 1986, California named benitoite as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in San Benito County. [80]
  2. ^ Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue (aquamarine).
  3. ^ Florida's state gem, moonstone, was adopted to highlight Florida's role in the United States' Lunar program, which landed the first astronauts on the Moon. [81]
  4. ^ Since 1983, Massachusetts has had 3 other official state rocks: State Historical Rock (Plymouth Rock), State Explorer Rock (Dighton Rock), and State Building and Monument Stone (Granite). In 2008, a State Glacial Rock (Rolling Rock) was designated as well. [82]
  5. ^ A measure passed the Oregon Senate in March 1965 naming the thunderegg as Oregon's state rock, in a move that was supported as a way to stimulate tourism in the state. The thunderegg, a nodule-like geological structure, similar to a geode, that is formed within a rhyolitic lava flow, were said by the Native Americans of Warm Springs to have been created by thunder spirits that lived in the craters of Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson. [83] [84]
  6. ^ In 2009, West Virginia named bituminous coal as its official state rock, in a resolution that noted that the coal industry plays an "integral part of the economic and social fabric of the state". West Virginia joined Kentucky and Utah, which also recognize coal as a state mineral or rock. The drive to name coal as an official state symbol was initiated by a high school student from Wharncliffe, West Virginia, who initiated her project at a school fair and collected 2,500 signatures on a petition that was submitted to legislators. [85]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Garnet</span> Mineral, semi-precious stone

Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thunderegg</span> Nodule-like rock, that is formed within rhyolitic volcanic ash layers

A thunderegg is a nodule-like rock, similar to a filled geode, that is formed within rhyolitic volcanic ash layers. Thundereggs are rough spheres, most about the size of a baseball—though they can range from a little more than a centimeter to over a meter across. They usually contain centres of chalcedony which may have been fractured followed by deposition of agate, jasper or opal, either uniquely or in combination. Also frequently encountered are quartz and gypsum crystals, as well as various other mineral growths and inclusions. Thundereggs usually look like ordinary rocks on the outside, but slicing them in half and polishing them may reveal intricate patterns and colours. A characteristic feature of thundereggs is that the individual beds they come from can vary in appearance, though they can maintain a certain specific identity within them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grossular</span> Garnet, nesosilicate mineral

Grossular is a calcium-aluminium species of the garnet group of minerals. It has the chemical formula of Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 but the calcium may, in part, be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from the botanical name for the gooseberry, grossularia, in reference to the green garnet of this composition that is found in Siberia. Other shades include cinnamon brown (cinnamon stone variety), red, and yellow. Grossular is a gemstone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunstone</span> Brown-orange feldspar

Sunstone is a microcline or oligoclase feldspar, which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. It has been found in Southern Norway, Sweden, various United States localities and on some beaches along the midcoast of South Australia.

References

  1. ↑ "Alabama Emblems". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2001-07-12. Archived from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  2. ↑ "State of Alaska". Alaska Symbols. State of Alaska. Archived from the original on 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  3. ↑ "Alaska Statutes 2019". Alaska State Legislature. Alaska Legislature. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  4. ↑ "State of Arizona Secretary of State". Arizona Symbols. State of Arizona. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  5. ↑ Arizona Facts, Office of the Governor, January 2015, retrieved 2019-12-19
  6. ↑ "View Document". www.azleg.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  7. ↑ "Featured Mineral: Wulfenite". Arizona Mining, Mineral and Natural Resources Education Museum. 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2022-06-27.
  8. ↑ https://www.geology.arkansas.gov/docs/pdf/education/arkansas-quartz-crystals.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  9. ↑ "State of Arkansas Secretary of State". Arkansas Symbols. State of Arkansas. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  10. ↑ "Gemstone".
  11. ↑ "State of California Symbols". California Symbols. State of California. Archived from the original on 2019-01-05. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  12. ↑ California Government Code, §§ 420-429.8
  13. ↑ "State of Colorado Symbols". Colorado Symbols. State of Colorado. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  14. ↑ "State of Connecticut – Sites, Seals and Symbols". State of Connecticut. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  15. ↑ "Delaware Facts and Symbols". State of Delaware. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  16. ↑ "Chapter 21". Delaware Code Online. State of Delaware. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  17. ↑ "State of Florida Symbols". Florida Symbols. State of Florida. Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  18. ↑ "Georgia State Symbols". Georgia Secretary of State Archives. State of Georgia. Archived from the original on 2009-11-18. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  19. ↑ Grigg, Richard W. (1993). "Precious Coral Fisheries of Hawaii and the U.S. Pacific Islands" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 55 (2). Seattle, Washington: National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA: 54. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
  20. ↑ "Emblems and Symbols". Hawaii Revised Statutes. Hawaii State Legislature. §5-15 . Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  21. ↑ "Idaho Symbols". State of Idaho. Archived from the original on 2010-06-30. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  22. ↑ "Illinois Facts – Symbols". State of Illinois. Archived from the original on 2006-04-15. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  23. ↑ "Illinois General Assembly - Full Text of Public Act 102-1044". www.ilga.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
  24. ↑ "IHB: Emblems and Symbols". State of Indiana. Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  25. ↑ "Iowa General Assembly – Iowa State Symbols". State of Iowa. Archived from the original on 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  26. ↑ "State Symbols and Song". Iowa Publications Online. State Library of Iowa. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  27. ↑ "2018 Statute Chapter 73 Article 37", Official state rock, Kansas Legislature, retrieved 2019-12-05
  28. ↑ "2018 Statute Chapter 73 Article 38", Official state mineral, Kansas Legislature, retrieved 2019-12-05
  29. ↑ "2018 Statute Chapter 73 Article 39", Official state gemstone, Kansas Legislature, retrieved 2019-12-05
  30. ↑ Jackson & Mariner Svaty (2018-03-15), Testimony in Support of H.B. 2650 (before the Kansas Senate) (PDF), Mr. Chairman, we would recommend that rather than naming the state rock "limestone", which is prevalent in different forms around the country, we should declare a limestone specific to Kansas as the state rock. Our recommendation would be Greenhorn limestone, the famous "post rock" limestone that has the largest distribution statewide,[sic - Cottonwood and other limestones have larger distributions in the state] running from Ford County all the way to Washington County [i.e., Smoky Hills], and can be seen as fenceposts everywhere in between."
  31. ↑ "Kentucky State Symbols". State of Kentucky. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  32. ↑ "RS 49:163.1 State Mineral". State of Louisiana. Archived from the original on 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  33. ↑ "RS 49:163 State Gem". State of Louisiana. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  34. ↑ "Maine Symbols". State of Maine. Archived from the original on 2012-08-02. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  35. ↑ "Title 1, §213: Official mineral".
  36. ↑ "LD 269, SP 128, Text and Status, 131st Legislature, First Regular Session".
  37. ↑ "Maryland Symbols". State of Maryland. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  38. ↑ "Massachusetts Symbols". State of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  39. ↑ "Michigan's State Symbols" (PDF). State of Michigan. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  40. ↑ "Minnesota Symbols". State of Minnesota. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  41. ↑ "State of Mississippi Symbols". State of Mississippi. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  42. ↑ "Senate Bill 2138". State of Mississippi. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  43. ↑ "Office of the Secretary of State, Missouri – State Symbols". State of Missouri. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  44. ↑ "State Gem, Montana Code Annotated section 1-1-501". Montana Legislature. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  45. ↑ "Nebraska Symbols". State of Nebraska. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  46. ↑ "Nevada Symbols". State of Nevada. Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  47. ↑ "NRS: Chapter 235 - State Seal, Motto and Symbols; Gifts and Endowments".
  48. ↑ "Fast New Hampshire Facts". State of New Hampshire. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  49. ↑ "New Jersey Symbols". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  50. ↑ "Office of the Governor | Governor Murphy Signs Legislation Designating Franklinite as State Mineral". www.nj.gov. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  51. ↑ "New Mexico Symbols". State of New Mexico. Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  52. ↑ "New York State Information". State of New York. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  53. ↑ "The State Symbols". State of North Carolina. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  54. ↑ "State Symbols". State of North Dakota. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  55. ↑ "Ohio Symbols". State of Ohio. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  56. ↑ "Oklahoma State Icons". State of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  57. ↑ Quicklinks. "Rose Rocks". www.ou.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-27.
  58. ↑ "Rose Rocks". Oklahoma Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
  59. ↑ "SCR0014 - 2013SCR0014" (PDF). Oregon State Legislature. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  60. ↑ "Oregon Symbols". State of Oregon. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  61. ↑ "Rocks and Minerals". Pennsylvania Geological Survey. Archived from the original on December 10, 2003. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  62. ↑ "Facts and History". State of Rhode Island. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  63. ↑ "South Carolina Symbols". State of South Carolina. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  64. ↑ "South Dakota Mineral Law". sdlegislature.gov. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
  65. ↑ "South Dakota Symbols". State of South Dakota. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  66. ↑ "Tennessee Symbols". State of Tennessee. Archived from the original on 2014-06-25. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
  67. ↑ "Texas Symbols". State of Texas. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  68. ↑ "Utah Symbols". State of Utah. Archived from the original on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  69. ↑ "Vermont Laws". Vermont General Assembly. State of Vermont. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  70. ↑ "Vermont Emblems". State of Vermont. Archived from the original on 2009-10-29. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  71. ↑ "Vermont Laws".
  72. ↑ "SB 352 Nelsonite; designating as state rock, etc". State of Virginia. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
  73. ↑ "Student project leads to the development of new law and the Commonwealth's first state rock". Piedmont Virginia Community College. Archived from the original on 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2016-09-14.
  74. ↑ "Washington Symbols". State of Washington. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  75. ↑ "State Facts". State of West Virginia. Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  76. ↑ "West Virginia House Concurrent Resolution No. 37, signed into law June 2009". State of West Virginia. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  77. ↑ "Wisconsin State Symbols". State of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  78. ↑ "Wyoming Emblems". State of Wyoming. Archived from the original on 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
  79. ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer. "California May Drop Rock, and Geologists Feel the Pain", The New York Times , July 13, 2010. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  80. ↑ Hartigan, Elizabeth. "CALIFORNIA FINDS ITSELF A REAL GEM", Chicago Tribune , March 12, 1986. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  81. ↑ "State Symbols". Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
  82. ↑ "CIS: State Symbols". William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  83. ↑ via United Press International. "Senate Votes Thunderegg State Rock", Eugene Register-Guard , March 6, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  84. ↑ via Associated Press. "House Approves State Rock", Eugene Register-Guard , March 26, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010.
  85. ↑ O'Caroll, Eoin. "West Virginia names coal as its official state rock", The Christian Science Monitor , June 12, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2010.


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