Marshall County, Oklahoma

Not to be confused with Marshall, Oklahoma.

Marshall County
County
Marshall County Courthouse
Location within the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Oklahoma's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°02′N96°46′W / 34.03°N 96.77°W / 34.03; -96.77
Country	United States
State	Oklahoma
Founded	1907
Seat	Madill
Largest city	Madill
Area
• Total	427 sq mi (1,110 km2)
• Land	371 sq mi (960 km2)
• Water	56 sq mi (150 km2)  13%%
Population  (2020)
• Total	15,312
• Density	36/sq mi (14/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	2nd
Website	marshall.okcounties.org

Marshall County is a county located on the south central border of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,312. ^[1] Its county seat is Madill. ^[2] The county was created at statehood in 1907 from the former Pickens County of the Chickasaw Nation. It was named to honor the maiden name of the mother of George Henshaw, a member of the 1906 Oklahoma Constitutional Convention. ^[3] The county and its cities are part of the Texoma region.

History

The area covered by Marshall County was part of the territory set aside by the U.S. government for resettlement of the Choctaw tribe and the closely related Chickasaw tribe from their lands in the southeastern United States. The Chickasaws began relocating to this area in 1837. The U.S. Army built Fort Washita in 1842 to protect the new arrivals from raids by other tribes. In 1857, the Chickasaw Nation formally separated from the Choctaw Nation. This area became part of Pickens County ^[4] in the Chickasaw Nation. ^[3]

Railroads came to the present-day Marshall County in 1901, when the St. Louis, Oklahoma and Southern Railway (acquired shortly after by the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway), known as the "Frisco", constructed a north–south line. The following year, the St. Louis, San Francisco and New Orleans Railroad (formerly the Arkansas and Choctaw Railway) laid tracks from east to west through the area. This line was sold to the Frisco in 1907. The State of Oklahoma relocated part of this line in 1941 to make way for the creation of Lake Texoma. ^[3]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 427 square miles (1,110 km²), of which 371 square miles (960 km²) is land and 56 square miles (150 km²) (13%) is water. ^[5] It is the smallest county in Oklahoma by land area and the third-smallest by total area. The Red River drains the county and formed the county's southern boundary. Completion of the Denison Dam in 1942 created Lake Texoma which inundated part of Marshall County's land area and forms the current southern boundary and the eastern boundary of the county as well. ^[3]

Map of Marshall County, 1909

Major highways

• U.S. Highway 70
• U.S. Highway 177
• U.S. Highway 377
• State Highway 32
• State Highway 99

Adjacent counties

• Johnston County (north)
• Bryan County (east)
• Grayson County, Texas (south)
• Love County (west)
• Carter County (northwest)

National protected area

• Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1910	11,619		—
1920	14,674		26.3%
1930	11,026		−24.9%
1940	12,384		12.3%
1950	8,177		−34.0%
1960	7,263		−11.2%
1970	7,682		5.8%
1980	10,550		37.3%
1990	10,829		2.6%
2000	13,184		21.7%
2010	15,840		20.1%
2020	15,312		−3.3%
U.S. Decennial Census [6] 1790-1960 [7] 1900-1990 [8] 1990-2000 [9] 2010 [10]

As of the census ^[11] of 2000, there were 13,184 people, 5,371 households, and 3,802 families residing in the county. The population density was 36 people per square mile (14/km²). There were 8,517 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile (9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 77.99% White, 1.84% Black or African American, 9.10% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 6.17% from other races, and 4.71% from two or more races. 8.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. By 2020, its population was 15,312. ^[1]

There were 5,371 households, out of which 27.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.50% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 24.10% from 25 to 44, 25.50% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 96.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,437, and the median income for a family was $31,825. Males had a median income of $25,201 versus $19,932 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,982. About 13.50% of families and 17.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.10% of those under age 18 and 15.30% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of January 15, 2019 [12]
Party		Number of Voters	Percentage
	Democratic	3,709	44.55%
	Republican	3,305	39.70%
	Unaffiliated	1,311	15.75%
Total		8,325	100%

United States presidential election results for Marshall County, Oklahoma ^[13]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	4,891	80.66%	1,100	18.14%	73	1.20%
2016	4,206	76.58%	1,096	19.96%	190	3.46%
2012	3,744	72.84%	1,396	27.16%	0	0.00%
2008	3,730	69.42%	1,643	30.58%	0	0.00%
2004	3,363	61.70%	2,088	38.30%	0	0.00%
2000	2,641	53.90%	2,210	45.10%	49	1.00%
1996	1,605	32.67%	2,624	53.41%	684	13.92%
1992	1,478	26.88%	2,519	45.82%	1,501	27.30%
1988	1,911	40.93%	2,730	58.47%	28	0.60%
1984	2,488	54.56%	2,039	44.71%	33	0.72%
1980	1,961	46.75%	2,157	51.42%	77	1.84%
1976	1,358	31.41%	2,939	67.97%	27	0.62%
1972	2,273	65.37%	1,113	32.01%	91	2.62%
1968	1,209	35.71%	1,191	35.17%	986	29.12%
1964	1,101	32.20%	2,318	67.80%	0	0.00%
1960	1,325	42.50%	1,793	57.50%	0	0.00%
1956	1,151	35.40%	2,100	64.60%	0	0.00%
1952	1,204	34.48%	2,288	65.52%	0	0.00%
1948	469	16.04%	2,455	83.96%	0	0.00%
1944	752	24.87%	2,261	74.77%	11	0.36%
1940	1,032	27.37%	2,723	72.23%	15	0.40%
1936	415	12.66%	2,840	86.64%	23	0.70%
1932	319	8.97%	3,236	91.03%	0	0.00%
1928	1,063	42.50%	1,358	54.30%	80	3.20%
1924	866	25.88%	1,935	57.83%	545	16.29%
1920	1,487	44.45%	1,589	47.50%	269	8.04%
1916	449	18.52%	1,352	55.78%	623	25.70%
1912	315	16.01%	958	48.70%	694	35.28%

Economy

During the 19th century, the county's economy was based on agriculture and ranching. Cotton and corn were the most dominant crops. By 1934, oats had become the third-largest crop. After the creation of Lake Texoma, cotton acreage had dropped to about 10 percent of its 1934 level and corn had dropped to less than 2 percent, while peanuts had become the third largest crop. By 2001, wheat had become the largest crop, followed by rye, oats and peanuts. ^[3]

Oil and gas production began soon after the county was formed at statehood. Pure Oil Company built an oil camp in 1940 that had 43 houses and a 35-bed bunkhouse. Pure closed the camp in 1959, after a 1957 tornado had severely damaged it. At the turn of the 21st century, oil production was about 10 percent of the 1975 quantity, while gas production was about 68 percent of the 1975 quantity. ^[3]

Other significant business sectors are: wood products, manufacturing (especially livestock trailers) and tourism. ^[3]

Communities

City

• Madill (county seat)

Towns

• Kingston
• New Woodville
• Oakland

Census-designated places

• Cumberland
• Lebanon
• Little City
• McBride

Other unincorporated places

• McMillan
• Willis

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Marshall County, Oklahoma

References

1. "Marshall County, Oklahoma". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 13, 2023.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. O'Dell, Larry. "Marshall County," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009. Accessed April 4, 2015.
4. Charles Goins, Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006), plate 105.
5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
6. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
7. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
8. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
9. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
10. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
11. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
12. "Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). OK.gov. January 15, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
13. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 29, 2018.

Coordinates: 34°02′N96°46′W / 34.03°N 96.77°W / 34.03; -96.77