Blaine County, Oklahoma

Blaine County
County
Blaine County Courthouse in Watonga
Location within the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Oklahoma's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°53′N98°26′W / 35.88°N 98.43°W / 35.88; -98.43
Country	United States
State	Oklahoma
Founded	May 2, 1890
Named for	James G. Blaine
Seat	Watonga
Largest city	Watonga
Area
• Total	939 sq mi (2,430 km2)
• Land	928 sq mi (2,400 km2)
• Water	10 sq mi (30 km2)  1.1%
Population  (2020)
• Total	8,735
• Density	9.3/sq mi (3.6/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	3rd
Website	blaine.okcounties.org

Blaine County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,735. ^[1] Its county seat is Watonga. ^[2] Part of the Cheyenne-Arapaho land opening in 1892, the county had gained rail lines by the early 1900s and highways by the 1930s. ^{[3] [4]} The county was named for James G. Blaine, an American politician who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1884 and Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison. ^[3]

History

Roman Nose State Park

Blaine County was one of several counties created by the Land Run of 1892. It was designated county "C" in 1890 before the land run. ^[5] According to one account, the designation "C" remained until the first public elections in 1892. When the time came to choose another name for the county, there seemed to be roughly equal support for two military heroes: "Sheridan" and "Custer". Before voting began, the chair gave a stirring speech proposing Blaine, who had recently died and was a local favorite. The majority of voters swung behind Blaine's name, which was ultimately chosen for County C. ^[6] The area was settled by Creek and Seminole, whom the federal government relocated to the area in the 1820s and 1830s. ^[3] The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were relocated to the area from Colorado in 1869 after the Reconstruction Treaties of 1866 had taken the land back from the Creek and Seminole. ^[3]

The land run was held after giving members of the tribe allotments of 160 acres (0.65 km²) each. ^[7]

A post office was established in the county seat of Watonga, the same year as the land run. ^[8] The Enid and Anadarko Railway and the Blackwell, Enid, and Southwestern Railroad ran lines through the county from 1901 to 1903. ^[3] The Blaine County Courthouse was built in 1906. ^[8]

The town of Geary, which also received a post office in the same year as the land run, became an agricultural trade center in the county and had a population of 2,561 by 1902. ^[9] The town was home to "the oldest bank in Blaine County." ^[9] Okeene was also established in the year of the land run and was surrounded by farmers of German descent. ^[10]

In 1904, Blaine County was the birthplace of voice actor Clarence Nash, the original voice of Disney's Donald Duck. The county's population was 17,227 in 1907, rising to 17,960 in 1910. ^[3] It had declined to 15,875 by 1920. ^[3]

The U.S. highway system reached Oklahoma in 1926. ^[4] U.S. Highways 270 and 281 were constructed through Blaine County. ^[3] The county was also served by the Postal Highway as early as 1912; it later became part of U.S. Highway 66. ^[9]

The county's population peaked at 20,452 in 1930. ^[3] New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps employed county residents and built Roman Nose State Park, which opened in 1937. ^[3]

By the 21st century, the county had a population of 11,976. ^[3] Between 2010 and 2020, the population of Blaine County declined by 26.9 percent to 8,735. It was the largest decrease in percentage terms during the decade of any Oklahoma county. ^[11] Although population decreases are typical of most rural Oklahoma countries, much of the population decline of Blaine County from 2010 to 2020 was due to the closing in 2010 of a prison which was the largest employer in the county. ^[12]

Government

The county is served by seven elected county officials: a county sheriff, three county commissioners, a county clerk, a county assessor, and a county treasurer. ^[5] The three commissioners each have districts with approximately equal populations based on the latest census. ^[5] The county government is primarily housed in the Blaine County Courthouse in Watonga.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 939 square miles (2,430 km²), of which 928 square miles (2,400 km²) is land and 10 square miles (26 km²) (1.1%) is water. ^[13] The northeastern half of the county is located on the western edge of the Red Bed Plains while the southwestern half lies in the Gypsum Hills. ^[3] The North Canadian River runs through the county from northwest to southeast. ^[3]

The county includes the largest lake in western Oklahoma, Canton Lake. ^[14]

The county seat of Watonga hosts an annual cheese festival in October, celebrating the city's cheese factory. ^[15]

Major highways

• U.S. Highway 270
• U.S. Highway 281
• State Highway 3
• State Highway 8
• State Highway 51
• State Highway 58

Adjacent counties

• Major County (north)
• Kingfisher County (east)
• Canadian County (southeast)
• Caddo County (south)
• Custer County (southwest)
• Dewey County (northwest)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1900	10,658		—
1910	17,960		68.5%
1920	15,875		−11.6%
1930	20,452		28.8%
1940	18,543		−9.3%
1950	15,049		−18.8%
1960	12,077		−19.7%
1970	11,794		−2.3%
1980	13,443		14.0%
1990	11,470		−14.7%
2000	11,976		4.4%
2010	11,943		−0.3%
2020	8,735		−26.9%
U.S. Decennial Census [16] 1790-1960 [17] 1900-1990 [18] 1990-2000 [19] 2010-2019 [1] 2020 [20]

Age pyramid for Blaine County, Oklahoma, based on census 2000 data.

As of the census ^[21] of 2000, there were 11,976 people, 4,159 households, and 2,865 families residing in the county, nearly half of them located in the county seat of Watonga. The population density of the county was 13 people per square mile (5.0 people/km²). There were 5,208 housing units at an average density of 6 units per square mile (2.3/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 76.29% white, 8.70% Native American, 6.65% Black or African American, 0.71% Asian, 0.81% Pacific Islander, 2.86% from other races, and 3.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race made up 6.62% of the population.

There were 4,159 households, out of which 30.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them. Slightly more than half (56.20%) were married couples living together, nearly a third (29%) were made up of individuals, 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years or older, and 8.6% were run by a female with no husband present. The average household size was 2.50, and the average family size was 3.08.

The county's median age in 2000 was 38 years, with almost a third (28.6%) of the population aged 25 to 44. Individuals under the age of 18 made up 24% of the population, individuals aged 45 to 64 made up 21.4% of the population, individuals aged 65 or older made up 16.8% of the population, and individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 made up 9.1% of the population. There were slightly more males than females, with 119.3 males for every 100 females and 125 adult males (18 or older) for every 100 female adults.

The county's median income for a household in 2000 was $28,356, and the median income for a family was $34,565. Males had a median income of $26,284 versus $18,619 for females. The county's per capita income was $13,546. About 12.8 percent of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of May 31, 2023 [22]
Party		Number of Voters	Percentage
	Democratic	1,176	22.15%
	Republican	3,390	63.85%
	Others	743	14.00%
Total		5,309	100%

United States presidential election results for Blaine County, Oklahoma ^[23]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	3,054	80.67%	671	17.72%	61	1.61%
2020	3,136	80.39%	688	17.64%	77	1.97%
2016	2,884	76.03%	711	18.75%	198	5.22%
2012	2,824	74.00%	992	26.00%	0	0.00%
2008	3,101	75.41%	1,011	24.59%	0	0.00%
2004	3,199	72.36%	1,222	27.64%	0	0.00%
2000	2,633	64.31%	1,402	34.25%	59	1.44%
1996	2,127	46.88%	1,832	40.38%	578	12.74%
1992	2,209	43.73%	1,564	30.96%	1,279	25.32%
1988	2,889	61.03%	1,775	37.49%	70	1.48%
1984	4,037	72.69%	1,484	26.72%	33	0.59%
1980	3,708	70.44%	1,399	26.58%	157	2.98%
1976	2,682	53.05%	2,297	45.43%	77	1.52%
1972	3,958	77.73%	963	18.91%	171	3.36%
1968	3,036	60.08%	1,285	25.43%	732	14.49%
1964	2,741	53.48%	2,384	46.52%	0	0.00%
1960	3,646	67.88%	1,725	32.12%	0	0.00%
1956	3,855	67.64%	1,844	32.36%	0	0.00%
1952	4,851	72.65%	1,826	27.35%	0	0.00%
1948	2,835	52.21%	2,595	47.79%	0	0.00%
1944	3,480	62.24%	2,097	37.51%	14	0.25%
1940	4,080	56.54%	3,095	42.89%	41	0.57%
1936	2,877	39.98%	4,242	58.95%	77	1.07%
1932	1,728	26.80%	4,719	73.20%	0	0.00%
1928	3,413	67.83%	1,543	30.66%	76	1.51%
1924	2,255	48.53%	1,488	32.02%	904	19.45%
1920	2,786	61.64%	1,296	28.67%	438	9.69%
1916	1,339	40.97%	1,214	37.15%	715	21.88%
1912	831	42.66%	744	38.19%	373	19.15%

Economy

Southard, located in central Blaine County, is the site of one of the purest gypsum deposits in the United States and is home to the U.S. Gypsum Company, the largest industrial plant in the county. ^[5]

Lying in the Cimarron Valley, Okeene's economy has been based on agriculture, primarily wheat and hay. ^[10] Major manufacturing businesses are the Okeene Milling Company, Seaboard Farms, and Mountain Country Foods, a manufacturer of pet food. ^[10] The Okeene Municipal Hospital and Clinic is one of the primary medical centers of northwest Oklahoma. ^[10]

Communities

Cities

• Geary (partially in Canadian County)
• Watonga (county seat)

Towns

• Canton
• Greenfield
• Hitchcock
• Hydro (mostly in Caddo County)
• Longdale
• Okeene

Census-designated places

• Eagle City
• Homestead

Other unincorporated communities

• Bickford (ghost town)
• Bucher
• Darrow
• Southard

Education

School districts include: ^[24]

• Canton Public Schools
• Cimarron Public Schools
• Fairview Public Schools
• Geary Public Schools
• Hinton Public Schools
• Hydro-Eakly Public Schools
• Lomega Public Schools
• Okeene Public Schools
• Thomas-Fay-Custer Unified Schools
• Watonga Public Schools

NRHP sites

Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Blaine County, Oklahoma

The following sites in Blaine County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Acre Family Barn Blaine County Courthouse, Watonga Cantonment, Canton Jesse Chisholm Grave Site, Geary Cronkhite Ranch House, Watonga Thompson Benton Ferguson House, Watonga Gillespie Building, Geary Noble Hotel, Watonga Okeene Flour Mill, Okeene

Old Plant Office Building, U.S. Gypsum Co., Southard Old Salt Works, Southard Public Water Trough, Geary Shinn Family Barn, Okeene Sooner Co-op Association Elevator (West), Okeene United States Post Office Watonga J. H. Wagner House, Watonga Watonga Armory, Watonga

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. Wilson, Linda D., "Blaine County,"," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
4. Oklahoma's US Highways (accessed June 11, 2010).
5. "Blaine County History". Blaine County, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
6. Rainey, "George. "Naming Blaine County." Historia. vol. 1, no. 4. June 15, 1910. Accessed August 30, 2019.
7. Reggio, Michael H., "Cheyenne-Arapaho Opening," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
8. Crawford, Terri. "Watonga," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
9. Rinehart, Merle. Geary," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
10. Reynolds, W. Dale. "Okeene," [Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture], 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
11. "2020 Population and Housing Data".
12. Wagner, Peter. "Closed prison can mean long-term harm to democracy in Oklahoma County". Prison Gerrymandering Project. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
13. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
14. Blaine County Government Website, "Communities of Blaine County (accessed July 7, 2010).
15. Bates, Richenda Davis. "Watonga Cheese Festival," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
16. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
17. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
18. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
19. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
20. "2020 Population and Housing Data".
21. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
22. "Voter Registration Totals". OK Elections Interactive Statistics Beta. May 31, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
23. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
24. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Blaine County, OK" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved November 4, 2024. - Text list

External links

• Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Blaine County
• Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory

35°53′N98°26′W / 35.88°N 98.43°W / 35.88; -98.43