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County Results
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Elections in Oklahoma |
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Government |
The 1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. In its early years, Oklahoma was a “Solid South” state whose founding fathers like "Alfalfa Bill" Murray and Charles N. Haskell had disfranchised most of its black population via literacy tests and grandfather clauses, [1] the latter of which would be declared unconstitutional in Guinn v. United States . [2] In 1920 this “Solid South” state, nonetheless, joined the Republican landslide of Warren G. Harding, electing a GOP senator and five congressmen, [3] but in 1922 the Democratic Party returned to their typical ascendancy as the state GOP became heatedly divided amongst themselves . [4]
Like many states in the Southern United States at the time, Oklahoma had some influence from the Ku Klux Klan, and was almost entirely part of the Southern Protestant “Bible Belt”, [5] the nomination of anti-Prohibition Catholic New York Governor Al Smith as the Democratic nominee was extremely controversial, with prominent former Senator Robert Latham Owen refusing steadfastly to endorse him, [6] despite nominating dry Southern Democrat Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas.
Early polls showed a massive trend away from Smith, with a September poll saying seventy-six thousand Oklahoma Democrats would vote for Republican nominees, former Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California and Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas, [7] and a mid-October poll saying Hoover would receive seventy percent of the vote in Oklahoma. [8] At the end of October, although the number of Oklahoma Democrats believed to be supporting Hoover had not fallen, and a finding that the Republicans had helped enroll one hundred and fifty thousand new voters, Hoover's margin was reduced to fifty thousand. [9]
As it turned out, the later poll was over-favourable to Smith. Hoover ultimately won the state by a margin of 28.28 percentage points. This was the first election since statehood when Oklahoma had voted more Republican than the nation at large, and the only one until 1960. In some previously Democratic counties in southwestern Oklahoma, Hoover gained vote shares more than thirty percent higher than Calvin Coolidge had in 1924, despite the fact that Smith visited the state in September and gave a major speech on the issue of religious tolerance. [10]
Hoover carried all but eleven of Oklahoma's 77 counties, with only culturally Southern Choctaw Country in the southeast (an area also known as "Little Dixie") remaining loyal to Smith – and even there Democratic margins were smaller than usual for the era. He was the only Republican until Richard Nixon’s 1972 landslide to carry the following counties: Carter, Cotton, Harmon, Jackson, Jefferson, Murray and Tillman. [11] Hoover was also the first Republican presidential candidate to win the following counties: Beckham, Cleveland, Grady, Hughes, McClain and Pontotoc. [11]
1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma [12] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
Republican | Herbert Hoover | 394,046 | 63.72% | 10 | |
Democratic | Alfred E. Smith | 219,174 | 35.44% | 0 | |
Socialist | Norman Thomas | 3,924 | 0.63% | 0 | |
Farmer Labor | Frank Webb | 1,283 | 0.21% | 0 | |
Totals | 618,427 | 100.00% | 10 | ||
County | Herbert Clark Hoover Republican | Alfred Emmanuel Smith Democratic | Norman Mattoon Thomas Socialist | Frank E. Webb Farmer-Labor | Margin | Total votes cast [13] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
Adair | 2,867 | 59.35% | 1,944 | 40.24% | 14 | 0.29% | 6 | 0.12% | 923 | 19.11% | 4,831 |
Alfalfa | 4,224 | 77.98% | 1,086 | 20.05% | 83 | 1.53% | 24 | 0.44% | 3,138 | 57.93% | 5,417 |
Atoka | 1,572 | 42.94% | 2,056 | 56.16% | 24 | 0.66% | 9 | 0.25% | -484 | -13.22% | 3,661 |
Beaver | 2,596 | 73.67% | 887 | 25.17% | 33 | 0.94% | 8 | 0.23% | 1,709 | 48.50% | 3,524 |
Beckham | 3,810 | 62.36% | 2,201 | 36.02% | 78 | 1.28% | 21 | 0.34% | 1,609 | 26.33% | 6,110 |
Blaine | 3,413 | 67.83% | 1,543 | 30.66% | 65 | 1.29% | 11 | 0.22% | 1,870 | 37.16% | 5,032 |
Bryan | 3,014 | 43.37% | 3,885 | 55.90% | 30 | 0.43% | 21 | 0.30% | -871 | -12.53% | 6,950 |
Caddo | 7,313 | 64.27% | 3,885 | 34.14% | 123 | 1.08% | 57 | 0.50% | 3,428 | 30.13% | 11,378 |
Canadian | 5,011 | 63.63% | 2,786 | 35.38% | 54 | 0.69% | 24 | 0.30% | 2,225 | 28.25% | 7,875 |
Carter | 6,538 | 55.80% | 5,086 | 43.41% | 77 | 0.66% | 15 | 0.13% | 1,452 | 12.39% | 11,716 |
Cherokee | 2,963 | 54.49% | 2,446 | 44.98% | 16 | 0.29% | 13 | 0.24% | 517 | 9.51% | 5,438 |
Choctaw | 2,541 | 49.32% | 2,581 | 50.10% | 23 | 0.45% | 7 | 0.14% | -40 | -0.78% | 5,152 |
Cimarron | 1,139 | 66.03% | 566 | 32.81% | 14 | 0.81% | 6 | 0.35% | 573 | 33.22% | 1,725 |
Cleveland | 3,738 | 61.35% | 2,291 | 37.60% | 50 | 0.82% | 14 | 0.23% | 1,447 | 23.75% | 6,093 |
Coal | 1,283 | 42.82% | 1,681 | 56.11% | 19 | 0.63% | 13 | 0.43% | -398 | -13.28% | 2,996 |
Comanche | 5,069 | 62.45% | 2,956 | 36.42% | 70 | 0.86% | 22 | 0.27% | 2,113 | 26.03% | 8,117 |
Cotton | 2,419 | 59.76% | 1,605 | 39.65% | 19 | 0.47% | 5 | 0.12% | 814 | 20.11% | 4,048 |
Craig | 3,511 | 54.48% | 2,897 | 44.96% | 23 | 0.36% | 13 | 0.20% | 614 | 9.53% | 6,444 |
Creek | 12,254 | 67.92% | 5,693 | 31.55% | 67 | 0.37% | 28 | 0.16% | 6,561 | 36.37% | 18,042 |
Custer | 4,576 | 68.56% | 1,995 | 29.89% | 93 | 1.39% | 10 | 0.15% | 2,581 | 38.67% | 6,674 |
Delaware | 2,603 | 59.70% | 1,706 | 39.13% | 33 | 0.76% | 18 | 0.41% | 897 | 20.57% | 4,360 |
Dewey | 2,486 | 65.35% | 1,175 | 30.89% | 112 | 2.94% | 31 | 0.81% | 1,311 | 34.46% | 3,804 |
Ellis | 1,953 | 62.80% | 1,122 | 36.08% | 25 | 0.80% | 10 | 0.32% | 831 | 26.72% | 3,110 |
Garfield | 12,748 | 77.77% | 3,503 | 21.37% | 90 | 0.55% | 51 | 0.31% | 9,245 | 56.40% | 16,392 |
Garvin | 3,321 | 47.44% | 3,589 | 51.26% | 72 | 1.03% | 19 | 0.27% | -268 | -3.83% | 7,001 |
Grady | 6,332 | 62.64% | 3,667 | 36.27% | 84 | 0.83% | 26 | 0.26% | 2,665 | 26.36% | 10,109 |
Grant | 4,371 | 74.30% | 1,449 | 24.63% | 47 | 0.80% | 16 | 0.27% | 2,922 | 49.67% | 5,883 |
Greer | 2,262 | 57.48% | 1,645 | 41.80% | 13 | 0.33% | 15 | 0.38% | 617 | 15.68% | 3,935 |
Harmon | 1,431 | 56.85% | 1,060 | 42.11% | 18 | 0.72% | 8 | 0.32% | 371 | 14.74% | 2,517 |
Harper | 1,844 | 66.45% | 872 | 31.42% | 47 | 1.69% | 12 | 0.43% | 972 | 35.03% | 2,775 |
Haskell | 2,580 | 53.95% | 2,172 | 45.42% | 13 | 0.27% | 17 | 0.36% | 408 | 8.53% | 4,782 |
Hughes | 3,937 | 55.18% | 3,169 | 44.41% | 23 | 0.32% | 6 | 0.08% | 768 | 10.76% | 7,135 |
Jackson | 3,440 | 57.72% | 2,493 | 41.83% | 21 | 0.35% | 6 | 0.10% | 947 | 15.89% | 5,960 |
Jefferson | 2,251 | 53.79% | 1,916 | 45.78% | 12 | 0.29% | 6 | 0.14% | 335 | 8.00% | 4,185 |
Johnston | 1,294 | 41.80% | 1,766 | 57.04% | 27 | 0.87% | 9 | 0.29% | -472 | -15.25% | 3,096 |
Kay | 13,829 | 76.15% | 4,196 | 23.10% | 95 | 0.52% | 41 | 0.23% | 9,633 | 53.04% | 18,161 |
Kingfisher | 4,063 | 69.08% | 1,780 | 30.26% | 27 | 0.46% | 12 | 0.20% | 2,283 | 38.81% | 5,882 |
Kiowa | 4,116 | 63.54% | 2,270 | 35.04% | 66 | 1.02% | 26 | 0.40% | 1,846 | 28.50% | 6,478 |
Latimer | 1,368 | 45.77% | 1,583 | 52.96% | 21 | 0.70% | 17 | 0.57% | -215 | -7.19% | 2,989 |
Le Flore | 5,168 | 52.48% | 4,622 | 46.94% | 37 | 0.38% | 20 | 0.20% | 546 | 5.54% | 9,847 |
Lincoln | 6,118 | 70.74% | 2,405 | 27.81% | 102 | 1.18% | 24 | 0.28% | 3,713 | 42.93% | 8,649 |
Logan | 6,277 | 72.72% | 2,251 | 26.08% | 74 | 0.86% | 30 | 0.35% | 4,026 | 46.64% | 8,632 |
Love | 843 | 39.93% | 1,268 | 60.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -425 | -20.13% | 2,111 |
Major | 2,891 | 78.73% | 674 | 18.36% | 91 | 2.48% | 16 | 0.44% | 2,217 | 60.38% | 3,672 |
Marshall | 1,063 | 42.50% | 1,358 | 54.30% | 70 | 2.80% | 10 | 0.40% | -295 | -11.80% | 2,501 |
Mayes | 3,004 | 57.61% | 2,161 | 41.45% | 40 | 0.77% | 9 | 0.17% | 843 | 16.17% | 5,214 |
McClain | 2,399 | 55.07% | 1,913 | 43.92% | 32 | 0.73% | 12 | 0.28% | 486 | 11.16% | 4,356 |
McCurtain | 1,915 | 39.79% | 2,877 | 59.78% | 17 | 0.35% | 4 | 0.08% | -962 | -19.99% | 4,813 |
McIntosh | 2,742 | 56.88% | 2,044 | 42.40% | 28 | 0.58% | 7 | 0.15% | 698 | 14.48% | 4,821 |
Murray | 1,631 | 51.53% | 1,498 | 47.33% | 26 | 0.82% | 10 | 0.32% | 133 | 4.20% | 3,165 |
Muskogee | 9,972 | 60.92% | 6,343 | 38.75% | 37 | 0.23% | 17 | 0.10% | 3,629 | 22.17% | 16,369 |
Noble | 3,607 | 66.21% | 1,777 | 32.62% | 41 | 0.75% | 23 | 0.42% | 1,830 | 33.59% | 5,448 |
Nowata | 2,930 | 62.18% | 1,763 | 37.42% | 12 | 0.25% | 7 | 0.15% | 1,167 | 24.77% | 4,712 |
Okfuskee | 3,612 | 58.25% | 2,513 | 40.53% | 61 | 0.98% | 15 | 0.24% | 1,099 | 17.72% | 6,201 |
Oklahoma | 36,608 | 69.13% | 16,073 | 30.35% | 237 | 0.45% | 35 | 0.07% | 20,535 | 38.78% | 52,953 |
Okmulgee | 9,149 | 60.77% | 5,834 | 38.75% | 64 | 0.43% | 9 | 0.06% | 3,315 | 22.02% | 15,056 |
Osage | 10,555 | 67.52% | 5,010 | 32.05% | 57 | 0.36% | 10 | 0.06% | 5,545 | 35.47% | 15,632 |
Ottawa | 8,144 | 64.03% | 4,488 | 35.28% | 69 | 0.54% | 19 | 0.15% | 3,656 | 28.74% | 12,720 |
Pawnee | 4,489 | 68.82% | 1,949 | 29.88% | 66 | 1.01% | 19 | 0.29% | 2,540 | 38.94% | 6,523 |
Payne | 7,864 | 72.19% | 2,904 | 26.66% | 83 | 0.76% | 42 | 0.39% | 4,960 | 45.53% | 10,893 |
Pittsburg | 5,875 | 49.20% | 5,960 | 49.91% | 87 | 0.73% | 20 | 0.17% | -85 | -0.71% | 11,942 |
Pontotoc | 3,356 | 50.87% | 3,203 | 48.55% | 26 | 0.39% | 12 | 0.18% | 153 | 2.32% | 6,597 |
Pottawatomie | 8,478 | 68.57% | 3,797 | 30.71% | 58 | 0.47% | 31 | 0.25% | 4,681 | 37.86% | 12,364 |
Pushmataha | 1,616 | 52.88% | 1,384 | 45.29% | 44 | 1.44% | 12 | 0.39% | 232 | 7.59% | 3,056 |
Roger Mills | 1,948 | 63.51% | 986 | 32.15% | 114 | 3.72% | 19 | 0.62% | 962 | 31.37% | 3,067 |
Rogers | 3,477 | 61.38% | 2,147 | 37.90% | 31 | 0.55% | 10 | 0.18% | 1,330 | 23.48% | 5,665 |
Seminole | 8,072 | 64.60% | 4,423 | 35.40% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,649 | 29.20% | 12,495 |
Sequoyah | 3,296 | 55.04% | 2,692 | 44.96% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 604 | 10.09% | 5,988 |
Stephens | 5,192 | 62.71% | 2,982 | 36.02% | 80 | 0.97% | 25 | 0.30% | 2,210 | 26.69% | 8,279 |
Texas | 2,890 | 69.16% | 1,240 | 29.67% | 33 | 0.79% | 16 | 0.38% | 1,650 | 39.48% | 4,179 |
Tillman | 3,331 | 60.60% | 2,141 | 38.95% | 17 | 0.31% | 8 | 0.15% | 1,190 | 21.65% | 5,497 |
Tulsa | 38,769 | 70.49% | 16,062 | 29.20% | 128 | 0.23% | 39 | 0.07% | 22,707 | 41.29% | 54,998 |
Wagoner | 2,726 | 60.62% | 1,745 | 38.80% | 19 | 0.42% | 7 | 0.16% | 981 | 21.81% | 4,497 |
Washington | 7,258 | 73.48% | 2,563 | 25.95% | 41 | 0.42% | 15 | 0.15% | 4,695 | 47.53% | 9,877 |
Washita | 3,572 | 63.28% | 2,024 | 35.85% | 35 | 0.62% | 14 | 0.25% | 1,548 | 27.42% | 5,645 |
Woods | 3,941 | 70.38% | 1,550 | 27.68% | 87 | 1.55% | 22 | 0.39% | 2,391 | 42.70% | 5,600 |
Woodward | 3,188 | 69.06% | 1,347 | 29.18% | 59 | 1.28% | 22 | 0.48% | 1,841 | 39.88% | 4,616 |
Total | 394,046 | 63.72% | 219,174 | 35.44% | 3,924 | 0.63% | 1,283 | 0.21% | 174,872 | 28.28% | 618,427 |
The 1928 United States presidential election was the 36th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1928. Republican former Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover defeated the Democratic nominee, Governor Al Smith of New York. After President Calvin Coolidge declined to seek reelection, Hoover emerged as his party's frontrunner. As Hoover's party opponents failed to unite around a candidate, Hoover received a large majority of the vote at the 1928 Republican National Convention. The strong state of the economy discouraged some Democrats from running, and Smith was nominated on the first ballot of the 1928 Democratic National Convention. Hoover and Smith had been widely known as potential presidential candidates long before the 1928 campaign, and both were generally regarded as outstanding leaders. Both were newcomers to the presidential race and presented in their person and record an appeal of unknown potency to the electorate. Both faced serious discontent within their respective parties' membership, and both lacked the wholehearted support of their parties' organization.
The 1932 United States presidential election was the 37th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1932. The election took place against the backdrop of the Great Depression. The incumbent Republican President Herbert Hoover was defeated in a landslide by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, the governor of New York and the vice presidential nominee of the 1920 presidential election. Roosevelt was the first Democrat in 80 years to simultaneously win an outright majority of the electoral college and popular vote, a feat last accomplished by Franklin Pierce in 1852, as well as the first Democrat in 56 years to win a majority of the popular vote, which was last achieved by Samuel J. Tilden in 1876. Roosevelt was the last sitting governor to be elected president until Bill Clinton in 1992. Hoover became the first incumbent president to lose an election to another term since William Howard Taft in 1912, the last to do so until Gerald Ford lost 44 years later, and the last elected incumbent president to do so until Jimmy Carter lost 48 years later. The election marked the effective end of the Fourth Party System, which had been dominated by Republicans. It was the first time since 1916 that a Democrat was elected president.
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