1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma

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1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma
Flag of Oklahoma (1925-1941).svg
  1924 November 6, 1928 1932  
  Herbert Hoover - NARA - 532049.jpg Unsuccessful 1928.jpg
Nominee Herbert Hoover Al Smith
Party Republican Democratic
Home state California New York
Running mate Charles Curtis Joseph T. Robinson
Electoral vote100
Popular vote394,046219,174
Percentage63.72%35.44%

Oklahoma Presidential Election Results 1928.svg
County Results

President before election

Calvin Coolidge
Republican

Elected President

Herbert Hoover
Republican

The 1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. In its early years, Oklahoma was a “Solid South” state whose founding fathers like "Alfalfa Bill" Murray and Charles N. Haskell had disfranchised most of its black population via literacy tests and grandfather clauses, [1] the latter of which would be declared unconstitutional in Guinn v. United States . [2] In 1920 this “Solid South” state, nonetheless, joined the Republican landslide of Warren G. Harding, electing a GOP senator and five congressmen, [3] but in 1922 the Democratic Party returned to their typical ascendancy as the state GOP became heatedly divided amongst themselves . [4]

Contents

Like many states in the Southern United States at the time, Oklahoma had some influence from the Ku Klux Klan, and was almost entirely part of the Southern Protestant “Bible Belt”, [5] the nomination of anti-Prohibition Catholic New York Governor Al Smith as the Democratic nominee was extremely controversial, with prominent former Senator Robert Latham Owen refusing steadfastly to endorse him, [6] despite nominating dry Southern Democrat Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas.

Early polls showed a massive trend away from Smith, with a September poll saying seventy-six thousand Oklahoma Democrats would vote for Republican nominees, former Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California and Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas, [7] and a mid-October poll saying Hoover would receive seventy percent of the vote in Oklahoma. [8] At the end of October, although the number of Oklahoma Democrats believed to be supporting Hoover had not fallen, and a finding that the Republicans had helped enroll one hundred and fifty thousand new voters, Hoover's margin was reduced to fifty thousand. [9]

As it turned out, the later poll was over-favourable to Smith. Hoover ultimately won the state by a margin of 28.28 percentage points. This was the first election since statehood when Oklahoma had voted more Republican than the nation at large, and the only one until 1960. In some previously Democratic counties in southwestern Oklahoma, Hoover gained vote shares more than thirty percent higher than Calvin Coolidge had in 1924, despite the fact that Smith visited the state in September and gave a major speech on the issue of religious tolerance. [10]

Hoover carried all but eleven of Oklahoma's 77 counties, with only culturally Southern Choctaw Country in the southeast (an area also known as "Little Dixie") remaining loyal to Smith – and even there Democratic margins were smaller than usual for the era. He was the only Republican until Richard Nixon’s 1972 landslide to carry the following counties: Carter, Cotton, Harmon, Jackson, Jefferson, Murray and Tillman. [11] Hoover was also the first Republican presidential candidate to win the following counties: Beckham, Cleveland, Grady, Hughes, McClain and Pontotoc. [11]

Results

1928 United States presidential election in Oklahoma [12]
PartyCandidateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Republican Herbert Hoover 394,04663.72%10
Democratic Alfred E. Smith 219,17435.44%0
Socialist Norman Thomas 3,9240.63%0
Farmer Labor Frank Webb 1,2830.21%0
Totals618,427100.00%10

Results by county

CountyHerbert Clark Hoover
Republican
Alfred Emmanuel Smith
Democratic
Norman Mattoon Thomas
Socialist
Frank E. Webb
Farmer-Labor
MarginTotal votes cast [13]
#%#%#%#%#%
Adair 2,86759.35%1,94440.24%140.29%60.12%92319.11%4,831
Alfalfa 4,22477.98%1,08620.05%831.53%240.44%3,13857.93%5,417
Atoka 1,57242.94%2,05656.16%240.66%90.25%-484-13.22%3,661
Beaver 2,59673.67%88725.17%330.94%80.23%1,70948.50%3,524
Beckham 3,81062.36%2,20136.02%781.28%210.34%1,60926.33%6,110
Blaine 3,41367.83%1,54330.66%651.29%110.22%1,87037.16%5,032
Bryan 3,01443.37%3,88555.90%300.43%210.30%-871-12.53%6,950
Caddo 7,31364.27%3,88534.14%1231.08%570.50%3,42830.13%11,378
Canadian 5,01163.63%2,78635.38%540.69%240.30%2,22528.25%7,875
Carter 6,53855.80%5,08643.41%770.66%150.13%1,45212.39%11,716
Cherokee 2,96354.49%2,44644.98%160.29%130.24%5179.51%5,438
Choctaw 2,54149.32%2,58150.10%230.45%70.14%-40-0.78%5,152
Cimarron 1,13966.03%56632.81%140.81%60.35%57333.22%1,725
Cleveland 3,73861.35%2,29137.60%500.82%140.23%1,44723.75%6,093
Coal 1,28342.82%1,68156.11%190.63%130.43%-398-13.28%2,996
Comanche 5,06962.45%2,95636.42%700.86%220.27%2,11326.03%8,117
Cotton 2,41959.76%1,60539.65%190.47%50.12%81420.11%4,048
Craig 3,51154.48%2,89744.96%230.36%130.20%6149.53%6,444
Creek 12,25467.92%5,69331.55%670.37%280.16%6,56136.37%18,042
Custer 4,57668.56%1,99529.89%931.39%100.15%2,58138.67%6,674
Delaware 2,60359.70%1,70639.13%330.76%180.41%89720.57%4,360
Dewey 2,48665.35%1,17530.89%1122.94%310.81%1,31134.46%3,804
Ellis 1,95362.80%1,12236.08%250.80%100.32%83126.72%3,110
Garfield 12,74877.77%3,50321.37%900.55%510.31%9,24556.40%16,392
Garvin 3,32147.44%3,58951.26%721.03%190.27%-268-3.83%7,001
Grady 6,33262.64%3,66736.27%840.83%260.26%2,66526.36%10,109
Grant 4,37174.30%1,44924.63%470.80%160.27%2,92249.67%5,883
Greer 2,26257.48%1,64541.80%130.33%150.38%61715.68%3,935
Harmon 1,43156.85%1,06042.11%180.72%80.32%37114.74%2,517
Harper 1,84466.45%87231.42%471.69%120.43%97235.03%2,775
Haskell 2,58053.95%2,17245.42%130.27%170.36%4088.53%4,782
Hughes 3,93755.18%3,16944.41%230.32%60.08%76810.76%7,135
Jackson 3,44057.72%2,49341.83%210.35%60.10%94715.89%5,960
Jefferson 2,25153.79%1,91645.78%120.29%60.14%3358.00%4,185
Johnston 1,29441.80%1,76657.04%270.87%90.29%-472-15.25%3,096
Kay 13,82976.15%4,19623.10%950.52%410.23%9,63353.04%18,161
Kingfisher 4,06369.08%1,78030.26%270.46%120.20%2,28338.81%5,882
Kiowa 4,11663.54%2,27035.04%661.02%260.40%1,84628.50%6,478
Latimer 1,36845.77%1,58352.96%210.70%170.57%-215-7.19%2,989
Le Flore 5,16852.48%4,62246.94%370.38%200.20%5465.54%9,847
Lincoln 6,11870.74%2,40527.81%1021.18%240.28%3,71342.93%8,649
Logan 6,27772.72%2,25126.08%740.86%300.35%4,02646.64%8,632
Love 84339.93%1,26860.07%00.00%00.00%-425-20.13%2,111
Major 2,89178.73%67418.36%912.48%160.44%2,21760.38%3,672
Marshall 1,06342.50%1,35854.30%702.80%100.40%-295-11.80%2,501
Mayes 3,00457.61%2,16141.45%400.77%90.17%84316.17%5,214
McClain 2,39955.07%1,91343.92%320.73%120.28%48611.16%4,356
McCurtain 1,91539.79%2,87759.78%170.35%40.08%-962-19.99%4,813
McIntosh 2,74256.88%2,04442.40%280.58%70.15%69814.48%4,821
Murray 1,63151.53%1,49847.33%260.82%100.32%1334.20%3,165
Muskogee 9,97260.92%6,34338.75%370.23%170.10%3,62922.17%16,369
Noble 3,60766.21%1,77732.62%410.75%230.42%1,83033.59%5,448
Nowata 2,93062.18%1,76337.42%120.25%70.15%1,16724.77%4,712
Okfuskee 3,61258.25%2,51340.53%610.98%150.24%1,09917.72%6,201
Oklahoma 36,60869.13%16,07330.35%2370.45%350.07%20,53538.78%52,953
Okmulgee 9,14960.77%5,83438.75%640.43%90.06%3,31522.02%15,056
Osage 10,55567.52%5,01032.05%570.36%100.06%5,54535.47%15,632
Ottawa 8,14464.03%4,48835.28%690.54%190.15%3,65628.74%12,720
Pawnee 4,48968.82%1,94929.88%661.01%190.29%2,54038.94%6,523
Payne 7,86472.19%2,90426.66%830.76%420.39%4,96045.53%10,893
Pittsburg 5,87549.20%5,96049.91%870.73%200.17%-85-0.71%11,942
Pontotoc 3,35650.87%3,20348.55%260.39%120.18%1532.32%6,597
Pottawatomie 8,47868.57%3,79730.71%580.47%310.25%4,68137.86%12,364
Pushmataha 1,61652.88%1,38445.29%441.44%120.39%2327.59%3,056
Roger Mills 1,94863.51%98632.15%1143.72%190.62%96231.37%3,067
Rogers 3,47761.38%2,14737.90%310.55%100.18%1,33023.48%5,665
Seminole 8,07264.60%4,42335.40%00.00%00.00%3,64929.20%12,495
Sequoyah 3,29655.04%2,69244.96%00.00%00.00%60410.09%5,988
Stephens 5,19262.71%2,98236.02%800.97%250.30%2,21026.69%8,279
Texas 2,89069.16%1,24029.67%330.79%160.38%1,65039.48%4,179
Tillman 3,33160.60%2,14138.95%170.31%80.15%1,19021.65%5,497
Tulsa 38,76970.49%16,06229.20%1280.23%390.07%22,70741.29%54,998
Wagoner 2,72660.62%1,74538.80%190.42%70.16%98121.81%4,497
Washington 7,25873.48%2,56325.95%410.42%150.15%4,69547.53%9,877
Washita 3,57263.28%2,02435.85%350.62%140.25%1,54827.42%5,645
Woods 3,94170.38%1,55027.68%871.55%220.39%2,39142.70%5,600
Woodward 3,18869.06%1,34729.18%591.28%220.48%1,84139.88%4,616
Total394,04663.72%219,17435.44%3,9240.63%1,2830.21%174,87228.28%618,427

See also

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References

  1. Ewing, Cortez Arthur Milton; An Introduction to the Government of Oklahoma (1939), p. 72. Published by Americanism Committee, American Legion, Department of Oklahoma
  2. Fairclough, Adam (June 25, 2002). Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000. Penguin. p. 82. ISBN   0142001295.
  3. Debo, Angie; And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes, pp. 318-319 ISBN   9780691005782
  4. Debo, And Still the Waters Run, p. 322
  5. Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 317 ISBN   978-0-691-16324-6
  6. Bateman, David A.; Katznelson, Ira; Lapinski, John S. (2018). Southern Nation: Congress and White Supremacy After Reconstruction. Princeton University Press. p. 375. ISBN   978-0691126494.
  7. "76,000 Democrats Flock to Hoover: Anti-Smith faction in Oklahoma Signifies Intention to Vote Republican Ticket". The Evening Star . Washington, D.C. September 28, 1928. p. 4.
  8. "Smith Cuts Down Hoover's Lead in Magazine Poll: With Nearly 2,000,000 Ballots in New York, Governor Reduces Hoover's Lead to 63%". Shreveport Journal . Shreveport, Louisiana. October 13, 1928. p. 11.
  9. "Oklahoma Expects Vote of 650,000: 150,000 believed Added in Registration; State Is Still Viewed Hoover's". The Evening Star . Washington, D.C. October 28, 1982. p. 11.
  10. Lichtman, Allan J. (1979). Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928. University of North Carolina Press. p. 68. ISBN   0807813583.
  11. 1 2 Menendez, Albert J. (2005). The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004. McFarland. pp. 280–283. ISBN   0786422173.
  12. "1928 Presidential General Election Results – Oklahoma". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
  13. "OK US Presidential Election Race, November 06, 1928". Our Campaigns.